scholarly journals Coming home may hurt: risk factors for mental ill health in US reservists after deployment in Iraq

2011 ◽  
Vol 198 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyndon A. Riviere ◽  
Athena Kendall-Robbins ◽  
Dennis McGurk ◽  
Carl A. Castro ◽  
Charles W. Hoge
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
National Guard ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Post Traumatic

BackgroundLittle research has been conducted on the factors that may explain the higher rates of mental health problems in United States National Guard soldiers who have deployed to the Iraq War.AimsTo examine whether financial hardship, job loss, employer support and the effect of deployment absence on co-workers were associated with depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).MethodCross-sectional data were obtained from 4034 National Guard soldiers at two time points. All measures were assessed by self-report.ResultsThe four factors were associated with depression and PTSD, with variability based on outcome and time point. For example, job loss increased the odds of meeting criteria for depression at 3 and 12 months and for PTSD at 12 months; the negative effect of deployment absence on co-workers increased the likelihood of meeting criteria for PTSD, but not depression, at both time points.ConclusionsThe findings demonstrate that National Guard soldiers have unique post-deployment social and material concerns that impair their mental health.

scholarly journals Online Mental Health Assessments of COVID-19 Patients in South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Hyun Lee ◽  
Dayoung Lee ◽  
Soyoen Hyun ◽  
Ji Sun Hong ◽  
Chang-Hoon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Patient Health Questionnaire ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Post Traumatic

Experiences of infectious diseases cause stressful and traumatic life events, hence, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients could suffer from various mental health problems requiring psychological support services. This study investigates the severity of mental health problems among confirmed COVID-19 patients. From March to November 2020, we collected the data from 118 COVID-19 patients who voluntarily participated in the National Center for Disaster Trauma's online mental health assessment consisting of self-report scales like Primary Care of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder screen (PC-PTSD), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15), and P4 Suicidality Screener. For control, 116 other disaster-experienced and 386 non-COVID-19-experienced participants were recruited. The COVID-19 patients showed more severe symptoms including post-traumatic symptoms, depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms than control groups across all four screening scales (p < 0.001). Regarding high-risk, COVID-19 patients had an increased association with high-risk compared to the comparison groups (PC-PTSD: OR = 24.16, 95% CI = 13.52–43.16 p < 0.001; PHQ-9: OR = 14.45, 95% CI = 8.29–25.19, p < 0.001; GAD-7: OR=20.71, 95% CI = 10.74–39.96, p < 0.001; PHQ-15: OR = 5.65, 95% CI = 3.44–9.25, p < 0.001; P4: OR = 14.67, 95% CI = 8.95–25.07, p < 0.001). This study's results imply that there is a high-risk of overall mental health problems, especially stronger associations of post-traumatic stress symptoms, in COVID-19 patients. These findings help inform practitioners about the psychological responses to COVID-19 experiences and to prepare appropriate interventions and services for the incremental number of confirmed cases.

scholarly journals Abusive experiences and psychiatric morbidity in women primary care attenders

2003 ◽  
Vol 183 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Coid ◽  
Ann Petruckevitch ◽  
Wai-Shan Chung ◽  
Jo Richardson ◽  
Stirling Moorey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Mental Health Effects

BackgroundAbusive experiences in childhood and adulthood increase risks of psychiatric morbidity in women and independently increase risks of further abuse over the lifetime. It is unclear which experiences are most damaging.AimsTo measure lifetime prevalence of abusive experiences and psychiatric morbidity, and to analyse associations in women primary care attenders.MethodA cross-sectional, self-report survey of 1207 women attending 13 surgeries in the London borough of Hackney, UK. Independent associations between demographic measures, abusive experiences and psychiatric outcome were established using logistic regression.ResultsChildhood sexual abuse had few associations with adult mental health measures, in contrast to physical abuse. Sexual assault in adulthood was associated with substance misuse; rape with anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder but not substance misuse. Domestic violence showed strongest associations with most mental health measures, increased for experiences in the past year.ConclusionsAbuse in childhood and adulthood have differential effects on mental health; effects are increased by recency and severity. Women should be routinely questioned about ongoing and recent experiences as well as childhood.

scholarly journals Anger and Aggression in UK Treatment-Seeking Veterans with PTSD

Healthcare ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Turgoose ◽  
Dominic Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Mental Health Difficulties ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Prevalence rates of anger and aggression are often higher in military personnel. Therefore, it is important to understand more about why this is, and the factors with which it is associated. Despite this, there is little evidence relating to anger and aggression in UK veterans who are seeking treatment for mental health difficulties such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study investigated the prevalence rates of anger and aggression in this population, as well as the associations between anger and aggression, and various sociodemographic, functioning and mental health variables. A cross-sectional design was used, with participants completing a battery of self-report questionnaires. Prevalence rates for significant anger and aggression were 74% and 28% respectively. Both women and those over 55 were less likely to report difficulties. Those with high levels of PTSD and other mental health difficulties were more likely to report anger and aggression. Other factors related to anger and aggression included unemployment due to ill health, and a perceived lack of family support. Findings showed that veterans who are seeking support for mental health are likely to be experiencing significant difficulties with anger and aggression, especially if they have comorbid mental health difficulties. The associations between anger, aggression, and other variables, has implications for the assessment and treatment of military veterans.

scholarly journals Mental health of Kosovan Albanian refugees in the UK

2003 ◽  
Vol 182 (5) ◽  
pp. 444-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart W. Turner ◽  
Cameron Bowie ◽  
Graham Dunn ◽  
Laidon Shapo ◽  
William Yule
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundIn 1999 the UK received 4346 refugees from Kosovo.AimsTo determine the prevalence of mental health problems in this group.MethodA sample of 842 adults was surveyed. All were asked to complete self-report questionnaires (translated into Kosovan Albanian). A subset of 120 participants were later interviewed in Albanian using the Clinician Administered PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) Scale and a depression interview.ResultsThe study yielded estimates of prevalence of PTSD and depression. Self-report measures appear to overestimate the prevalence of these disorders. Just under half of the group surveyed had a diagnosis of PTSD and less than one-fifth had a major depressive disorder.ConclusionsThese results may be taken as a sign of the resilience of many who survived this conflict but they also imply that there is still a substantial need for good health and social care in a significant proportion. Psychosocial interventions are likely to be an important part of the treatment programme.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN KORBAN GEMPA LOMBOK

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
DEWI NURSUKMA PURQOTI ◽  
Zurriyatun Thoyyibah ◽  
ELISA OKTAVIANA
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Disorders ◽  
Narrative Form ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sample Number

Earthquakes are consistently proven to relate of mental health issues such as anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorders immediately after disaster. This condition will deteriorate if not detected early and well handled, so it requires mental health services (trauma healing). Excessive anxiety can have a detrimental impact on the mind as well as the body can even cause physical illness. Objectives: The study aims to determine the level of anxiety victims of Lombok earthquake. Methods: This research is a descriptive study with a cross sectional approach. Sampling techniques used by Purposive Sampling with a sample number of 40 people. Data analysis used is univariate with data presented in narrative form, frequency distribution table and percentage. Results: The results showed that 15 respondents experienced mild anxiety (37.5%) and 25 respondents experienced moderate anxiety (62.5%).  Discussion: In addition to physical impact, earthquake incidence also raises mental health problems, one of which is anxiety. Anxiety is a response to a specific situation that threatens and is a normal thing to happen. The instruments used in this study are the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) questionnaire. Anxiety in the medium category still experienced by respondents can be influenced by gender, age, level of education and experience in the event of an earthquake. Conclusion: most of the respondents in this study is still experiencing moderate anxiety.

scholarly journals Cognitive therapy as an early treatment for children with PTSD: the outcomes for parents’ own PTSD, depression, anxiety and general mental health.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Hammond ◽  
Richard Meiser-Stedman ◽  
Anna McKinnon ◽  
Tim Dalgleish ◽  
Patrick Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
General Mental Health ◽  
Post Traumatic

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experienced by children can have a large impact on the wider family. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE, 2018) recommend that parents are involved in their child’s PTSD treatment. Studies have found that parents themselves also report high levels of PTSD and other mental health symptoms but few have explored whether these symptoms reduce following their child receiving trauma-focused CBT. In this study, parents (N=29) whose children (ages 8-17 years) were randomly assigned to either 10 sessions of Cognitive Therapy for PTSD (CT-PTSD) or a wait-list control condition (WL) completed the Post Traumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9; to measure depression), the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28; to measure general mental health) for pre-post comparison. Parents whose children were allocated to CT-PTSD reported greater improvements on self-report PTSD, depression, anxiety and general mental health, relative to the WL condition. This trial provides preliminary support for the efficacy of CT-PTSD delivered to children for reducing parent PTSD, depression, anxiety and general mental health symptoms. Replication is needed as well as further exploration of parent factors and frequency of parental involvement required to predict improvements.

scholarly journals Psychological and psychosocial interventions for refugee children resettled in high-income countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fazel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
High Income ◽  
Refugee Children ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
General Mental Health ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Science Methodology

Large numbers of refugee children are arriving in high-income countries. The evidence to date suggests that they have mental health needs that are higher than for the general population and that these are exacerbated by the numbers of traumatic events they have experienced and the post-migration stressors they continue to be exposed to. The importance of a thorough and thoughtful assessment is discussed. Treatments of note are described for post-traumatic stress disorder, family functioning, general mental health problems and school environments. Future opportunities to operationalise outcome measures, develop multimodal interventions and utilise implementation science methodology are considered.

Use of telepsychiatry for the management of mental health problems in migrants

2021 ◽  
pp. 633-642
Author(s):  
Keith Hariman ◽  
Antonio Ventriglio ◽  
Dinesh Bhugra
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Heterogenous Group ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Psychiatric Intervention ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers

An estimated 3.3% of the global population lives outside their place of birth. This heterogenous group includes not only high-skilled labour and expats, but also refugees and asylum seekers. Research has shown that the prevalence of certain mental illnesses, such as post-traumatic stress disorder and depression, may be higher in migrants than in the general population. However, some migrants might not be able to receive the relevant mental health treatment owing to various social, cultural, and physical barriers. One possible solution is the use of telepsychiatry, defined as the delivery of psychiatric intervention from a distance. This includes real-time videoconferencing, pre-recorded videos, or even decision support systems. This technology has the ability to connect migrants with a clinician who understands their language and culture, thereby improving the patient satisfaction and outcome. The benefits of telepsychiatry, along with the challenges in its implementation, will be discussed in this chapter, as will potential problems related to ethics, regulation, and confidentiality.

scholarly journals Impact of trauma on Palestinian children's mental health: lessons from the Gaza studies

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panos Vostanis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Internal Displacement ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Children Exposed To Violence

Children exposed to violence are at high risk of developing a range of mental health problems, predominantly post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression (Yule, 1999). Children in war zones can be affected not only directly but also indirectly, for example through their basic health needs not being met, the loss of family members, disruption of social networks, internal displacement and their parents’ responses.

scholarly journals Post-traumatic stress reactions in survivors of the 2011 massacre on Utøya Island, Norway

2014 ◽  
Vol 204 (5) ◽  
pp. 361-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grete Dyb ◽  
Tine K. Jensen ◽  
Egil Nygaard ◽  
Øivind Ekeberg ◽  
Trond H. Diseths ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

BackgroundAlthough youths in many countries have been exposed to terrorism, few studies have examined early risk and protective factors for the subsequent development of mental health problems.AimsTo investigate the levels of post-traumatic stress in survivors of the 2011 massacre on Ut⊘ya Island compared with the general population in Norway, and to identify predictive factors.MethodFour hundred and ninety survivors were invited to participate. Structured face-to-face interviews were performed 4–5 months after the attack.ResultsThere were 325 study participants (response rate 66%). Survivors had been highly exposed to danger and loss. Post-traumatic stress levels were more than six times higher in survivors than in the general population. Predictors were female gender, minority ethnic status, high level of trauma exposure, pain, the loss of someone close and social support.ConclusionsSurvivor characteristics that can be assessed in the early aftermath of a terrorist attack strongly predict the subsequent mental health problems of exposed youths. The highly elevated symptoms observed were largely attributable to the traumatic experience and reflect the mental health costs of the terrorist attack.

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