scholarly journals Antipsychotics in people with dementia: frequency of use and rationale for prescribing in a UK mental health service

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Crugel ◽  
Gilly Paton ◽  
Pratima Singh ◽  
Regina Jeboda ◽  
Adrian Treloar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Severity Of Dementia ◽  
Challenging Behaviours

Aims and methodTo determine how often and why antipsychotic medicines are prescribed to people with dementia. A cross-sectional survey of all clinical records was conducted in one National Health Service mental health trust.ResultsOf 946 people with dementia in the trust, 186 (20%) were prescribed an antipsychotic. Prevalence increased with the severity of dementia. The most common indication for initiating treatment was agitation/distress (70%), followed by verbal aggression (45%), psychotic symptoms (44%) and physical aggression (33%). The mean number of indications per patient was 2.6. In 58% of cases, the antipsychotic had been prescribed for more than a year, and a third of patients had not been reviewed in the past 6 months.Clinical implicationsPeople with dementia who are prescribed antipsychotic drugs generally display a range of challenging behaviours, but most notably are distressed. Systems for ongoing clinical review need improvement.

scholarly journals Coping with stigma and discrimination: evidence from mental health service users in England

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 577-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Isaksson ◽  
E. Corker ◽  
J. Cotney ◽  
S. Hamilton ◽  
V. Pinfold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Mental Health Stigma ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination

Aims.Mental health stigma and discrimination are significant problems. Common coping orientations include: concealing mental health problems, challenging others and educating others. We describe the use of common stigma coping orientations and explain variations within a sample of English mental health service users.Methods.Cross-sectional survey data were collected as part of the Viewpoint survey of mental health service users’ experiences of discrimination (n = 3005). Linear regression analyses were carried out to identify factors associated with the three stigma coping orientations.Results.The most common coping orientation was to conceal mental health problems (73%), which was strongly associated with anticipated discrimination. Only 51% ever challenged others because of discriminating behaviour, this being related to experienced discrimination, but also to higher confidence to tackle stigma.Conclusions.Although stigma coping orientations vary by context, individuals often choose to conceal problems, which is associated with greater anticipated and experienced discrimination and less confidence to challenge stigma. The direction of this association requires further investigation.

494 DISCOMFORT IN PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA ADMITTED TO AN ACUTE GENERAL MEDICAL HOSPITAL: A HOSPITAL CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY OF PREVALENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii1-ii4
Author(s):  
R Low ◽  
E West ◽  
P L Sampson
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Acute Hospital ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Inventory ◽  
Ward Staff ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Acute Hospitals ◽  
Severity Of Dementia ◽  
Person With Dementia ◽  
Challenging Behaviours

Abstract Introduction The acute hospital is a challenging place for a person with dementia whose ability to communicate discomfort and need is impaired. Their discomfort may go unnoticed due to insufficient staffing and time resources in this acute environment. Concerns have been raised about the consequences of these overlooked discomfort (e.g. distress and agitation), and hence how we can correctly identify their sources and severity. This study aimed to describe the source of discomfort and challenging behaviours in people with dementia (PwD) in UK acute hospital. Method A cross-sectional observational study of 49 patients with dementia admitted to a NHS acute hospital. Their discomfort was detected and its sources were identified (Sources of Discomfort Scale) during an hour observation when they were at rest and moved by staff. Their challenging behaviours were also recorded (Neuropsychiatric Inventory) through interviewing with the ward staff, as well as documentation of severity of dementia and presence of delirium. Results The overall prevalence of discomfort was 98%, with excessively sleepy or tired being the commonest; 39 (80%) participants experienced three or more type of discomfort. The commonest sources of discomfort were physical (e.g. constipation) and environmental (e.g. physically restrained), affecting up to 43 (88%) and 42 (83%) participants respectively. There was also evidence of an association between delirium and sleepiness or tiredness’s discomfort, meaning that PwD with delirium were nearly triply as likely to feel uncomfortable because of sleepiness or tiredness. Challenging behaviours affected over 80% of our participants, with agitation or aggression being the commonest. On average, these behaviours were moderately severe. Conclusion Discomfort and challenging behaviours were very common in PwD admitted to acute hospitals. Patients and staff would benefit from more accurate and frequent detection of discomfort by focusing on non-pain-related discomfort and using observational scales.

The mental health of Australian medical practitioners during Covid-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 103985622110108
Author(s):  
Michelle Anne Adams ◽  
Matthew Brazel ◽  
Richard Thomson ◽  
Hannah Lake
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Junior Doctor ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Mental Health Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Psychological Distress Scale ◽  
Distress Scale ◽  
Health Diagnosis

Objectives: To ascertain whether doctors were experiencing higher rates of distress during Covid-19 and whether this was impacted by demographic factors. Our hypotheses were that being a junior doctor, having a previous mental health diagnosis and treating Covid-19 positive patients would predict higher rates of distress. Methods: Cross-sectional survey conducted via Survey Monkey. Voluntary participants were recruited from the mailing list of a national-based referral service for doctors to psychiatrists. Distress was measured using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Demographic factors were analysed for predictive value of a higher rating on the K10. Areas of concern in relation to Covid-19 and preference for support services were measured on a Likert scale and compared to levels of distress. Results: The rate of very high distress was 15%. Being a junior doctor and having a previous mental health diagnosis were predictive factors of a higher K10 score. K10 was not affected by likelihood of contact with Covid-19-positive patients. Social isolation had a larger impact on mental health in the context of a previous psychiatric diagnosis. Face-to-face assessments were preferred. Conclusions: Rates of distress in doctors have been higher than baseline during Covid-19. Some groups have been particularly vulnerable.

scholarly journals Mental Health of COVID-19 Patients—A Cross-Sectional Survey in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4758
Author(s):  
Hasan Saeed Alamri ◽  
Wesam F. Mousa ◽  
Abdullah Algarni ◽  
Shehata F. Megahid ◽  
Ali Al Bshabshe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Patients Experience ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Background: This study aims to investigate the mental health of COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out targeting confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. Due to travel and time constraints as well as the accessibility of patients, cases were included from East Jeddah Hospital, King Abdulaziz Hospital, and the Oncology Center in Jeddah. The data were collected using a predesigned self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire addressed COVID-19 cases, personal data, medical history, smoking, traveling abroad, and work-related conditions. Additionally, data regarding contact level with COVID-19 cases were considered. The mental health statuses of the patients were assessed using a validated Arabic version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale. The study included 261 COVID-19 patients whose ages ranged from 18 to 65 years. Results: The survey findings revealed that 13% of COVID-19 patients had a borderline level of anxiety, 26.8% were considered anxiety cases, while 60.2% were normal. The findings also revealed that 29.9% had a borderline level of depression, 18.4% were considered depression cases, while 51.7% were normal. Conclusions: This study concluded that COVID-19 patients experience anxiety and depression, and as the COVID-19 epidemic continues to spread, the results of the study are particularly useful in developing a strategy to psychologically support COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals The Frequency of Use and Harm Perception of Heated Tobacco Products (HTPs): The 2019 Cross-Sectional Survey among Medical Students from Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3381
Author(s):  
Paulina Majek ◽  
Mateusz Jankowski ◽  
Bartłomiej Nowak ◽  
Maksymilian Macherski ◽  
Maciej Nowak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Medical University

Heated tobacco products (HTPs) are devices for generating a nicotine aerosol by heating the tobacco sticks. This study aimed to assess (1) the prevalence of HTP and tobacco cigarette usage among medical students, (2) to characterize smoking habits and (3) to assess students’ awareness and opinions about HTPs. A cross-sectional survey on the frequency and attitudes toward cigarettes, e-cigarettes and HTP use was performed between 2019–2020 at the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland). The data were obtained from 1344 students aged 21.8 ± 1.9 years (response rate: 66.9%). Current traditional tobacco use was 13.2%, e-cigarettes use 3.5%, and HTP use 2.8% of students. Duration of use was shorter among HTPs users comparing to cigarette smokers (p < 0.001) although the number of tobacco sticks used daily was similar (p = 0.1). Almost 30% of respondents have ever tried HTPs. HTPs were considered safe by 5.3% of respondents (43.2% of HTP users vs. 3.9% of non-HTP users, p < 0.001). HTP users were more likely to report that heating tobacco is not addictive (odds ratio (OR) = 8.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.8–45.8) and disagreed with a public ban on HTP use (OR = 4.9, 95%CI: 2.5–9.8). Among students, HTP use was less popular than cigarette smoking, but awareness of their presence is widespread.

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