scholarly journals The Frequency of Use and Harm Perception of Heated Tobacco Products (HTPs): The 2019 Cross-Sectional Survey among Medical Students from Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3381
Author(s):  
Paulina Majek ◽  
Mateusz Jankowski ◽  
Bartłomiej Nowak ◽  
Maksymilian Macherski ◽  
Maciej Nowak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Medical University

Heated tobacco products (HTPs) are devices for generating a nicotine aerosol by heating the tobacco sticks. This study aimed to assess (1) the prevalence of HTP and tobacco cigarette usage among medical students, (2) to characterize smoking habits and (3) to assess students’ awareness and opinions about HTPs. A cross-sectional survey on the frequency and attitudes toward cigarettes, e-cigarettes and HTP use was performed between 2019–2020 at the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland). The data were obtained from 1344 students aged 21.8 ± 1.9 years (response rate: 66.9%). Current traditional tobacco use was 13.2%, e-cigarettes use 3.5%, and HTP use 2.8% of students. Duration of use was shorter among HTPs users comparing to cigarette smokers (p < 0.001) although the number of tobacco sticks used daily was similar (p = 0.1). Almost 30% of respondents have ever tried HTPs. HTPs were considered safe by 5.3% of respondents (43.2% of HTP users vs. 3.9% of non-HTP users, p < 0.001). HTP users were more likely to report that heating tobacco is not addictive (odds ratio (OR) = 8.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.8–45.8) and disagreed with a public ban on HTP use (OR = 4.9, 95%CI: 2.5–9.8). Among students, HTP use was less popular than cigarette smoking, but awareness of their presence is widespread.

scholarly journals SMOKING

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1382-1389
Author(s):  
Uzma Hassan ◽  
Mirza Inam Ul Haq ◽  
Asma Abdul Qadeer ◽  
Kashif Rahim ◽  
Iffat Naiyar
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

To observe the frequency of smoking in female medical students and to determinethe associated factors. Study Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Data was collectedthrough a self-administered questionnaire from female students at Rawal Institute of HealthSciences. Period: February 2015 to August 2015. Methods: Information about demographiccharacteristics, smoking status in family members, number of cigarettes smoked per day,influence for starting smoking and use of sheesha and hash was obtained. Results: A total of100 female students were asked to fill the questionnaires. Response rate was 60%, out of which,52.6 % (31/60) were smokers and 48.4% were non-smokers.6 out of 31 were hash smokersand 20 out of 60 were cigarette smokers, remaining were sheesha smokers. Majority of thesefemales started smoking after 18 years of age, with greatest influence being life style and peerpressure. Our results show substantial trend of smoking in female medical students. Majorityhave smokers in their families but their families were not aware of their smoking habit. Eventhough almost everyone was aware of the associated risks, 24% never tried to quit. Most of thestudents spent Rs 1500 to 3000 per month on smoking.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among People with Epilepsy in Lithuania

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4374
Author(s):  
Kristijonas Puteikis ◽  
Rūta Mameniškienė
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Erroneous Beliefs

The purpose of our study was to determine the willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19 and factors associated with vaccine hesitancy among people with epilepsy (PWE). In December 2020, we performed an online cross-sectional survey of PWE and their caregivers in Lithuania before the rollout of COVID-19 vaccines to the public. The study sample consisted of 111 respondents (44 (39.6%) male, median age 25 years (range 1 to 70)). From 58 PWE who personally responded to the survey, 27 (46.6%) would be willing to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Among the 53 caregivers, 18 (34.0%) would accept the person they care for to be vaccinated. Willingness to be vaccinated was associated with receiving an influenza shot in 2020 (odds ratio (OR) = 9.17, 95% confidence interval (CI = 1.15–73.47), the beliefs that vaccines are generally safe (OR = 7.90, 95% CI = 2.43–25.74) and that they are the only convenient way to gain immunity (OR = 3.91, 95% CI = 1.02–15.05). Respondents were hesitant to accept the COVID-19 vaccine if they thought it could cause the infection (OR = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.04–0.49). COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is frequent among PWE and their caregivers. It is probably related to erroneous beliefs about their safety and mechanism of action.

Penile oil injection, penile implantation and condom use among Myanmar migrant fishermen in Ranong, Thailand

Sexual Health ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ohnmar ◽  
Alan F. Geater ◽  
Than Winn ◽  
Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Risk ◽  
Oil Injection

Background: The present study describes sexual risk behaviours including penile oil injection and implantation among migrant Myanmar fishermen in Thailand, and their determinants. Methods: A cross-sectional survey among 639 Myanmar fishermen in Ranong, Thailand was conducted in 1999 following in-depth interviews. Results: Prevalence of penile oil injection, penile implantation, and both practices were 48 (7.5%), 79 (12.4%) and nine (1.4%) respectively. Over one-third (38.6%) of those who had injected oil had various kinds of problems during sex. One-year period prevalence of sex with commercial sex workers (CSW) was higher in those with unusual practices than others (61.9% v. 22.8%, P < 0.0001). The condom use rate with CSW at all times was non-significantly lower among those with unusual practices (32.9%) than others (44.5%). From multivariate analysis, oil injections are associated with young age, low education, ethnicity, and longer stay in Thailand, whereas the duration of stay in Thailand is the only factor associated with the practice of penile implantation. Both oil injection (odds ratio 3.03, 95% confidence interval 1.39–6.60), and penile implantation (odds ratio 2.18, 95% confidence interval 1.19–3.99) have independent predictive risk of having sex with CSW in addition to other factors (younger age, single, and Walat boat type). Conclusion: These exorbitant practices were common, associated with not using condoms and probably resulted from the working environment in Thailand. Further study is needed to reduce this risk behaviour.

scholarly journals Factors influencing likelihood of COVID-19 vaccination: A survey of Tennessee adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Gatwood ◽  
Madison McKnight ◽  
Michelle Fiscus ◽  
Kenneth C Hohmeier ◽  
Marie Chisholm-Burns
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Final Article ◽  
Survey Responses

Abstract Disclaimer In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. Purpose To examine the vaccine-related beliefs and behaviors associated with likely hesitancy toward vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among nonelderly adults. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in June 2020. Responses were sought from Tennessee adults 18 to 64 years of age who were not healthcare providers. The survey instrument focused on vaccine-related beliefs, prior and planned influenza and pneumococcal vaccine use, and attitudes toward receiving a COVID-19 vaccination. Inferential statistics assessed survey responses, and logistic regression determined predictors of the likelihood of COVID-19 vaccination. Results A total of 1,000 completed responses were analyzed (a 62.9% response rate), and respondents were mostly White (80.1%), insured (79.6%), and/or actively working (64.2%); the sample was well balanced by gender, age, income, and political leaning. Approximately one-third (34.4%) of respondents indicated some historical vaccine hesitancy, and only 21.4% indicated always getting a seasonal influenza vaccination. More than half (54.1%) indicated at least some hesitancy toward vaccination against COVID-19, with 32.1% citing lack of evidence of vaccine effectiveness as the leading reason. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was more likely among those with more moderate (odds ratio [OR], 2.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.749-3.607) or conservative (OR, 3.01; 95% CI, 2.048-4.421) political leanings, Black Americans (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.182-2.742), and residents of nonmetropolitan areas (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.386-2.865). Conclusion Subgroups of the population may prove more challenging to vaccinate against COVID-19, requiring targeted approaches to addressing hesitancy to ensure more-vulnerable populations are adequately covered.

scholarly journals Knowledge, perceptions and attitudes of final year medical, occupational therapy and sport science students regarding physiotherapy, in KwaZulu Natal.

2011 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Puckree ◽  
R. Harinarain ◽  
P. Ramdath ◽  
R. Singh ◽  
J. Ras
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sport Science ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Kwazulu Natal

Knowledge, perceptions and attitudes about physiotherapy  has affected its status. In a developing profession whose patient base is still significantly dependent on referral from medical practitioners, certain stereo-typic attitudes about it require attention. This study investigated the knowledge, perceptions and attitudes of the 2009 final year medical, occupational therapy and sport science students at one university in KwaZulu natal, regarding  physio therapy. A saturation sample of 292 students from the selected groups was  invited  to  participate  in  the study. The  cross  sectional  survey  used a questionnaire  with  open  and  closed ended  questions.  The  data  was  reduced to percentages and analysed using chi square tests at p< 0, 05. The overall response rate was 51% with 95% occupational therapy, 71% sport science and only 31% medical students responding. About 74% of the respondents had adequate knowledge about physiotherapy. Seventy five percent of medical and 50% of oT students knew that physiotherapists were first contact practitioners. over 50% of the respondents who had experienced physiotherapy displayed positive attitudes and felt that physio-therapy was a good career choice. Massage was the best known (95%) and electrotherapy the least known (44%) modality. orthopedics (88%), sports physio therapy (84%) and rehabilitation (78%) were better known. we conclude that the response rate to the study especially by medical students is of concern despite the overall positive attitudes displayed by the participants.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Aspects of Dietary Supplement use among Saudi Medical Students: A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 783-790
Author(s):  
Doaa M. Abdel-Salam ◽  
Jumanah M. Alruwaili ◽  
Raghad A. Alshalan ◽  
Taghreed A. Alruwaili ◽  
Shrouq A. Alanazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Dietary Supplement Use

Background: Dietary supplement use received wide attention and interest throughout the world, particularly in Gulf countries, because of advanced economic and industrial growth. Objective: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of dietary supplement use among medical students at Jouf University, Saudi Arabia. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, an anonymous self-administered structured questionnaire was distributed among medical students at Jouf University, Saudi Arabia. Out of the 381 medical students, 366 answered the questionnaire with a response rate of 96%. Analysis of data was done using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) program, version 24. Statistical significance was considered at P values <0.05. Results: Regarding the prevalence of dietary supplement use, 36.3% (n=133) and 29.5% (n=108) of the respondents were previous and current users of dietary supplements, respectively. Multivitamins and vitamin D were the most prevalent dietary supplements used by the participants. The students reported that the internet was the main source of knowledge concerning dietary supplements. The significant predictors of dietary supplement use in the logistic regression analysis were: age >21 years (odds ratio (OR): 3.26; confidence interval (CI): 1.67-10.53), females sex (odds ratio (OR): 2.23; confidence interval (CI): 2.34-6.84), and being in the third academic year or more (odds ratio (OR): 2.58; confidence interval (CI): 1.82-5.37). The most reported reasons for utilizing dietary supplements were nutritional supplementation and health promotion. Nearly three-quarters of the students agreed that dietary supplementation is good for health and recommended others to use them after doctor recommendation. Conclusion: Dietary supplement use was remarkably high among medical students at Jouf University, Saudi Arabia. Consumption of dietary supplements increased significantly among older students, females, and those in the third academic year or more. This study recommends other studies involving students from non-health domain colleges to detect if there is a difference in the prevalence of dietary supplement use within this population.

German medical students´ knowledge and views regarding artificial intelligence in medicine: a cross-sectional survey (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart McLennan ◽  
Andrea Meyer ◽  
Korbinian Schreyer ◽  
Alena Buyx
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Drug Research ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Digital Medicine ◽  
University Of Munich

BACKGROUND Medical students will likely be most impacted by this envisaged move to artificial intelligence (AI) driven digital medicine, and there is a need to better understand their knowledge and views regarding the use of AI technology in medicine. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine German medical students´ knowledge and views about AI in medicine. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in October 2019 with all new medical students at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and the Technical University Munich. This represented approximately 10% of all new medical students in Germany. RESULTS A total of 844 medical students participated (91.9% response rate). Two thirds (64.4%) did not feel well informed about AI in medicine. Just over a half (57.4%) of students thought that AI has useful applications in medicine, particularly in drug research and development (82.5%), less so for clinical uses. Male students were more likely to agree with advantages of AI, and female participants were more likely to be concerned about disadvantages The vast majority of students thought that when AI is used in medicine that it is important that there are legal rules regarding liability (97%) and oversight mechanisms (93.7%), that physicians should be consulted prior to implementation (96.8%), that developers should be able to explain to them the details of the algorithm (95.6%), that algorithms should use representative data (93.9%), and that patients should always be informed when AI is used (93.5%). CONCLUSIONS Medical schools and continuing medical education organisers need to promptly develop programs to ensure that clinicians are able to fully realize the potential of AI technology. It is also important that legal rules and oversight are implemented to ensure that future clinicians are not faced with a workplace where important issues around responsibility are not clearly regulated.

scholarly journals Preparedness level and associated factors of health professionals regarding COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110011
Author(s):  
Denberu Eshetie Adane ◽  
Basazinew Chekol Demilew ◽  
Netsanet Temesgen Ayenew ◽  
Tadesse Tamrie Negash ◽  
Abebe Tiruneh Boled
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Analysis

Objective: To assess the level of preparedness of health professionals working in South Gondar Zone public hospital, Debre Tabor Comprehensive specialized Hospital for coronavirus. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional survey was conducted with a self-administered questionnaire from April 20 to May 20. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, bivariable, and multivariable logistic analysis were done. Bivariable and multivariable regression was held to determine significant predictors for preparedness. For all statistical analyses, a p value ⩽ 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: From a total health professionals, 301 health professionals with a response rate of 86% participated in the study. Among these, 206 were males while 95 participants were females with a mean age of 29.71 ± 5.84 years. To determine the preparedness level, we use the mean preparedness score of the respondents. Around 64.1% of health professionals were well prepared. Among 20 respondents who had a chronic illness, 80% of them think their illness is risky for the pandemic. The majority of the respondents (229/76.1%) responded as they were working without protective equipment. From the multivariable analysis male sex (adjusted odds ratio = 2.07, 95% confidence interval = 1.193–3.590), family living with them (adjusted odds ratio = 4.507, 95% confidence interval = 1.863–10.90), and involvement of other previous outbreak (adjusted odds ratio = 2.245, 95% confidence interval = 1.176–4.286) were the predictors for good preparedness. Conclusion: Most of the health professionals were well prepared. Being male, living within a family, and involvement of other outbreaks leads to good preparation. Governmental bodies and hospital managers have to help health professionals to be prepared enough to combat the pandemic.

Acceptance of technology-based tools in a sample of Parkinson’s patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Nathalie Duroseau ◽  
Tobi Abramson ◽  
Kathleen Pergament ◽  
Vivian Chan ◽  
John Paul Govindavari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Medical Needs

Objectives Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative movement disorder in the United States. Patients’ opinions of technology-based tools for education and communication as related to Parkinson’s disease are unclear with little documented research addressing the issue. The goal of this research was to investigate patient opinions about technology-based tools with a focus on differences between patients of different age groups. Methods A cross-sectional survey was used to assess views on using multiple different electronic methods for receiving instructions and communicating with healthcare providers in 109 Parkinson’s disease patients. Results Approximately 28% (n = 28) of the subjects reported having unmet needs related to Parkinson’s disease. Those 65 and over were less likely to believe that using technology to communicate with the healthcare center would result in themselves having a better understanding of their care (odds ratio = 0.36, 95% confidence interval: 0.14, 0.95). Those over 75 had a lower odds of being willing to use electronic methods (odds ratio = 0.33, 95% confidence interval: 0.14, 0.79), a lower odds of believing that technology would result in better self-understanding of medical needs (odds ratio = 0.27, 95% confidence interval: 0.12, 0.63) and a lower odds of believing that technology would result in their healthcare providers better understanding their needs (odds ratio = 0.32, 95% confidence interval: 0.14, 0.73). Discussion The results of this study indicate that older Parkinson’s disease patients report a less favorable view regarding the role of technology in communicating with healthcare providers and for understanding their care.

scholarly journals Perception of Saudi Undergraduate Students towards Professionalism in Medicine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzan A. AlKhater
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Level Of Agreement

Objectives: Professionalism has garnered immense attention in medical education due to increased societal accountability and focus on excellence in healthcare. However, less attention has been given to identifying attitudes about professionalism in medical students who are the future advocates of the healthcare system. This study aimed to assess perceptions of Saudi undergraduate medical students towards professionalism. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 2nd- and 6th-year students of a Saudi medical college in September of 2018. A self-administered professionalism questionnaire was anonymously completed. Students were asked to provide their level of agreement with 18 survey items using a 5-point Likert scale. Results: Overall, 288 students participated in the study (49.3% males and 50.7% females), with a response rate of 90%. The median professionalism score was high (71.0; range: 64-76) regardless of age, gender, or level of education. Similar high scores were noted in the following subscales: Excellence, 20.0 (18, 21); Respect for Others, 17.0 (14, 18); Altruism, 12.0 (10, 13); Duty, 8.0 (7, 9); Accountability, 7.0 (6, 8); and Honor and Integrity, 8.0 (7, 10). No gender differences were observed in the majority of subscales. However, males demonstrated higher scores in the Duty subscale (9.0 vs. 8.0; P = 0.026). Conclusion: Medical students demonstrated high professionalism scores. Future studies are needed to assess the impact of the course curriculum on their level of professionalism over time. Keywords: assessment, curriculum, medical students, professionalism, survey.

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