New Seismic Design Specifications of Highway Bridges in Japan

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Kawashima ◽  
Kinji Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Inertia Force ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Design Specifications ◽  
Recent Earthquakes

This paper presents the new seismic design specifications for highway bridges issued by the Ministry of Construction in February 1990. Revisions of the previous specifications were based on the damage characteristics of highway bridges that were developed after the recent earthquakes. The primary revised items include the seismic lateral force, evaluation of inertia force for design of substructures considering structural response, checking the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete piers for lateral load, and dynamic response analysis. Emphasis is placed on the background of the revisions introduced in the new seismic design specifications.

Dynamic Response Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Suspension Bridge under Seismic Action

2013 ◽  
Vol 405-408 ◽  
pp. 2020-2024
Author(s):  
Li Ming Wu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Suspension Bridge ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Seismic Action ◽  
Load Effect ◽  
Dynamic Response Analysis ◽  
Gravity Load

Taking the typical reinforced concrete stiffening truss suspension bridge as example, finite element analysis model under seismic action is established. Dynamic response analysis is done on this suspension bridge using finite element software ANSYS and contrast is done between this analysis result and structural response under gravity load effect. Contrast result shows that structural response under seismic action is obviously higher than that under gravity load effect in which internal force response is greater than displacement. The function of dynamic load should be taken into account in the design of bridge structure in order to provide reference for the structural design of long-span flexible bridge.

Evaluation of Seismic Design Criteria for Highway Bridges

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Response Spectra ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Loma Prieta Earthquake ◽  
Design Specifications ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Recent Earthquakes

After an overview of the development of U.S. seismic design specifications for highway bridges an evaluation of current Caltrans and AASHTO seismic criteria is presented. Linear and nonlinear response spectra of ground motions recorded on different soil conditions in the Loma Prieta earthquake and other recent earthquakes are compared with code recommendations. Special emphasis is placed on how present design procedures reduce elastic forces to take into account the energy absorption capacity of the structure, and on the estimation of maximum inelastic deformations. Results indicate that current design recommendations may underestimate strength and deformation demands, particularly for short-period bridges and for bridges on soft soils. Finally, recommendations are made on how seismic design specifications may be improved.

scholarly journals Probabilistic seismic response analysis of coastal highway bridges under scour and liquefaction conditions: does the hydrodynamic effect matter?

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Wang ◽  
Yutao Pang ◽  
Aijun Ye
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Response ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Hydrodynamic Effect ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Scour Hazard ◽  
Ground Motion Records

AbstractCoastal highway bridges are usually supported by pile foundations that are submerged in water and embedded into saturated soils. Such sites have been reported susceptible to scour hazard and probably liquefied under strong earthquakes. Existing studies on seismic response analyses of such bridges often ignore the influence of water-induced hydrodynamic effect. This study assesses quantitative impacts of the hydrodynamic effect on seismic responses of coastal highway bridges under scour and liquefaction potential in a probabilistic manner. A coupled soil-bridge finite element model that represents typical coastal highway bridges is excited by two sets of ground motion records that represent two seismic design levels (i.e., low versus high in terms of 10%-50 years versus 2%-50 years). Modeled by the added mass method, the hydrodynamic effect on responses of bridge key components including the bearing deformation, column curvature, and pile curvature is systematically quantified for scenarios with and without liquefaction across different scour depths. It is found that the influence of hydrodynamic effect becomes more noticeable with the increase of scour depths. Nevertheless, it has minor influence on the bearing deformation and column curvature (i.e., percentage changes of the responses are within 5%), regardless of the liquefiable or nonliquefiable scenario under the low or high seismic design level. As for the pile curvature, the hydrodynamic effect under the low seismic design level may remarkably increase the response by as large as 15%–20%, whereas under the high seismic design level, it has ignorable influence on the pile curvature.

Seismic Isolation Design Code for Highway Bridges

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Kawashima ◽  
Shigeki Unjoh
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Seismic Isolation ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Design Code ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Design Specifications

This paper presents the seismic isolation design code for highway bridges. This is based on the 1996 Design Specifications for Highway Bridges, Part. V: Seismic Design, issued by the Japan Road Association in December 1996. This paper focuses on the outlines of the seismic isolation design code including the seismic design basic principles, design ground motion, and seismic isolation design.

Seismic Response Analysis of Substation Involving Interaction of Main Structure-Electrical Equipments

2010 ◽  
Vol 163-167 ◽  
pp. 4022-4026
Author(s):  
Bo Wen ◽  
Di Tao Niu
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamic Response ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
Main Structure ◽  
Torsional Response ◽  
Lifeline System ◽  
Equivalent Load Method ◽  
Equivalent Load

The nonlinear dynamic response analysis of substation with structure-equipments interaction is studied in this paper. The results comparing with that of no interaction are shown that it’s necessary to considering structure-equipments interaction in substations. In frequent earthquakes, the structure-equipments interaction in substation is inconspicuous and the traditional equivalent load method is feasible. However, in strong earthquakes, the electric equipments really participate in the dynamic response and operate the reaction on main structure and the action goes against the main structure seismic design and couldn’t be ignored. In this condition, the traditional equivalent load method will be insecure any more. Because of the visible torsional response effect, the seismic ability of the corner columns in structure should be increased. The research results can be referenced by similar lifeline system.

Seismic response of structural walls: recent developments

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 922-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Paulay
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Seismic Response ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Structural Walls ◽  
Structural Class ◽  
Response Component ◽  
Displacement Ductility ◽  
Ductility Capacity

It is postulated that for purposes of seismic design, the ductile behaviour of lateral force-resisting wall components, elements, and indeed the entire system can be satisfactorily simulated by bilinear force–displacement modeling. This enables displacement relationships between the system and its constituent components at a particular limit state to be readily established. To this end, some widely used fallacies, relevant to the transition from the elastic to the plastic domain of behaviour, are exposed. A redefinition of stiffness and yield displacement allows more realistic predictions of the important feature of seismic response, component displacements, to be made. The concepts are rational, yet very simple. Their applications are interwoven with the designer's intentions. Contrary to current design practice, whereby a specific global displacement ductility capacity is prescribed for a particular structural class, the designer can determine the acceptable displacement demand to be imposed on the system. This should protect critical components against excessive displacements. Specific intended displacement demands and capacities of systems comprising reinforced concrete cantilever and coupled walls can be estimated.Key words: ductility, displacements, reinforced concrete, seismic design, stiffness, structural walls.

scholarly journals Seismic design of prestressed concrete buildings

1990 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minehiro Nishiyama
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Prestressed Concrete ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Seismic Load ◽  
Seismic Loads ◽  
Concrete Buildings ◽  
Reversed Cyclic

The current seismic design procedure for prestressed concrete buildings in Japan is described. The design seismic loads for prestressed concrete buildings provided in NZS 4203:1984 are compared with those in the corresponding Japanese code. Comparisons between prestressed concrete and ordinary reinforced concrete buildings are discussed with regard to design seismic load, dynamic response during earthquake motions and the performance of beam-column joints under reversed cyclic loading. The results of several tests are summarised.

Seismic Design of Bridges After 1995 Kobe Earthquake

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Kawashima ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Near Field ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ground Movement ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
Design Philosophy ◽  
Kobe Earthquake ◽  
Nonlinear Static ◽  
Recent Earthquakes

The 1995 Kobe earthquake extensively damaged bridges and triggered research and review as a consequence of recent earthquakes that have led to significant advances in bridge seismic design. This paper presents how this has affected design philosophy and design codes in Japan compared to seismic design codes in EC, New Zealand, and the United States concerning design philosophy, near-field ground motions, design force and ductility requirements, linear/nonlinear static/dynamic response analysis, and treatment of liquefaction and liquefaction-induced lateral ground movement.

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