Evaluation of Seismic Design Criteria for Highway Bridges

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Response Spectra ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Loma Prieta Earthquake ◽  
Design Specifications ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Recent Earthquakes

After an overview of the development of U.S. seismic design specifications for highway bridges an evaluation of current Caltrans and AASHTO seismic criteria is presented. Linear and nonlinear response spectra of ground motions recorded on different soil conditions in the Loma Prieta earthquake and other recent earthquakes are compared with code recommendations. Special emphasis is placed on how present design procedures reduce elastic forces to take into account the energy absorption capacity of the structure, and on the estimation of maximum inelastic deformations. Results indicate that current design recommendations may underestimate strength and deformation demands, particularly for short-period bridges and for bridges on soft soils. Finally, recommendations are made on how seismic design specifications may be improved.

New Seismic Design Specifications of Highway Bridges in Japan

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Kawashima ◽  
Kinji Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Inertia Force ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Design Specifications ◽  
Recent Earthquakes

This paper presents the new seismic design specifications for highway bridges issued by the Ministry of Construction in February 1990. Revisions of the previous specifications were based on the damage characteristics of highway bridges that were developed after the recent earthquakes. The primary revised items include the seismic lateral force, evaluation of inertia force for design of substructures considering structural response, checking the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete piers for lateral load, and dynamic response analysis. Emphasis is placed on the background of the revisions introduced in the new seismic design specifications.

Seismic Isolation Design Code for Highway Bridges

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Kawashima ◽  
Shigeki Unjoh
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Seismic Isolation ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Design Code ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Design Specifications

This paper presents the seismic isolation design code for highway bridges. This is based on the 1996 Design Specifications for Highway Bridges, Part. V: Seismic Design, issued by the Japan Road Association in December 1996. This paper focuses on the outlines of the seismic isolation design code including the seismic design basic principles, design ground motion, and seismic isolation design.

A Comparative Study of U.S.-Japan Seismic Design of Highway Bridges: I. Design Methods

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 913-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. Yen ◽  
J. D. Cooper ◽  
S. W. Park ◽  
S. Unjoh ◽  
T. Terayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
The United States ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Shake Table ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Column ◽  
Design Specifications

This paper summarizes the results of a comparative study on seismic design of highway bridges jointly undertaken by the U.S. Federal Highway Administration and Japan's Public Works Research Institute. The seismic design specifications for highway bridges of the two countries are reviewed and compared with respect to their design philosophies and procedures. Some major design parameters including design seismic forces, response modification factors and minimum support lengths are addressed in detail. The differences between the two specifications are illustrated via a design example of a reinforced concrete column for simple, two-span bridges common in both countries. Three different scale models of the column are designed in accordance with the seismic design specifications of the United States and Japan, and tested on a shake table for their comparative seismic performance. The results of the shake table tests are discussed separately in a companion paper.

Seismic design of base-isolated highway bridges utilizing lead–rubber bearings

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ghobarah ◽  
H. M. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Base Isolation ◽  
Time History ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Response Spectra ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Seismic Behaviour ◽  
Isolation System ◽  
Design Procedures

A study is made of the seismic behaviour of base-isolated highway bridges with the objective of developing design procedures in the form of code-type approach. The recommendations of current codes concerning the use of energy dissipation mechanisms for the seismic design of bridges are reviewed. A model representing the bridge deck, piers, and the base-isolation system is used to evaluate the response of the bridge to a selected earthquake time history record and to evaluate the effects of various design parameters on the dynamic response. The results of this analysis are used in the development of design guidelines for the isolated bridge system. It was found that base isolation affects the design forces on piers and abutments as well as the deck displacements. An optimum design should provide a reasonable balance between the shear forces on supports and tolerable displacements. Two design procedures are proposed based on the time history and inelastic response spectra approaches. Simplified charts are presented which aid in the seismic design of new bridges as well as in the upgrading of existing ones. Key words: dynamic, seismic, design, highway, bridges, earthquake, base isolation.

Performance of bridges in the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake – lessons for Canadian designers

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Mitchell ◽  
René Tinawi ◽  
Robert G. Sexsmith
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Loma Prieta Earthquake ◽  
San Fernando ◽  
Loma Prieta ◽  
October 17 ◽  
Design Earthquake ◽  
Observed Damage ◽  
Existing Bridges

Damage to buildings and bridges during the October 17, 1989, Loma Prieta earthquake prompted site visits by the authors. This paper first reviews examples of the severe damage and the collapse of bridges in the 1971 San Fernando and 1987 Whittier Narrows earthquakes. The resulting changes to U.S. bridge design codes and the application of different types of restraining devices used to retrofit existing bridges are discussed. Examples of damage and collapse of bridges in the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake are illustrated. The important roles played by the presence of soft soil, poor structural systems, and inadequate detailing are highlighted. The observed damage is used to illustrate the need to assess the seismic design provisions of the current CSA standard for the design of highway bridges. Concern over the presence of existing hazardous bridges in significant seismic zones in Canada is emphasized and a checklist for evaluating existing bridges is presented. Key words: seismic design, earthquake, evaluation, Loma Prieta, San Fernando, bridges, codes, retrofitting.

Seismic analysis of short-period structures subjected to the 1988 Saguenay earthquake

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Léger ◽  
Angelo Romano
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Response Spectra ◽  
Base Shear ◽  
Ductility Demand ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Modification Factor ◽  
Energy Dissipation Capacity ◽  
Design Earthquake

This paper presents elastic and inelastic response spectra of strong motion accelerograms recorded during the 1988 Saguenay earthquake. Comparisons are made with the National Building Code of Canada (NBC) 1990 lateral forces requirements for the seismic resistant design of short-period structures. The use of a period-dependent force modification factor is proposed to take advantage of the energy dissipation capacity of short-period structures on a more rational basis. The seismic response of a typical low-rise steel building designed according to the NBC 1990 and CAN3-S16.1-M89 is then investigated. It is shown that to obtain a realistic picture of the ductility demand of low-rise buildings, the structural overstrength, that is, the supplied strength in excess of the seismic design base shear, should be explicitly considered in the design process. Key words: seismic design, earthquake, low-rise structures, code.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Codes for Seismic Design of Structures

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Hampshire De C. Santos ◽  
Luca Zanaica ◽  
Carmen Bucur ◽  
Silvio De Souza Lima
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Response Spectra ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Seismic Zonation ◽  
Seismic Input ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Seismic Force ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract This paper presents a comparative evaluation among some international, European and American, seismic design standards. The study considers the criteria for the analysis of conventional (residential and commercial) buildings. The study is focused on some critical topics: definition of the recurrence periods for establishing the seismic input; definition of the seismic zonation and shape of the design response spectra; consideration of local soil conditions; definition of the seismic force-resisting systems and respective response modification coefficients; definition of the allowable procedures for the seismic analysis. A model for a standard reinforced concrete building (“Model Building”) has been developed to permit the comparison among codes. This building has been modelled with two different computer programs, SAP2000 and SOFiSTiK and subjected to seismic input according to the several seismic codes. The obtained results compared are leading to some important conclusions.

Highway Bridge Seismic Design: How Current Research May Affect Future Design Practice

2000 ◽  
Vol 1696 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-215
Author(s):  
Ian M. Friedland ◽  
Ronald L. Mayes ◽  
W. Phillip Yen ◽  
John O’Fallon
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Highway Bridge ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Design Specifications ◽  
The Impact

Under several contracts sponsored by FHWA, the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research has been conducting a research program on highway structure seismic design and construction. Among its objectives, the program studies the seismic vulnerability of highway bridges, tunnels, and retaining structures and develops information that could be used, in the case of bridges, to revise current national design specifications. A specific requirement of the program is to have research results independently reviewed and assessed to determine the impact they may have on future seismic design specifications for highway structures. Some of the important results of the research that has been conducted under the program are summarized, and issues that resulted from this impact assessment about expected changes in future seismic design practice of highway bridges are discussed.

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