The Global Earthquake History

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 607-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Albini ◽  
Roger M. W. Musson ◽  
Andrea Rovida ◽  
Mario Locati ◽  
Antonio A. Gomez Capera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Scale ◽  
Historical Seismicity ◽  
Historical Earthquake ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
British Geological Survey ◽  
Historical Seismology ◽  
Earthquake Model ◽  
Web Infrastructure ◽  
Large Earthquakes ◽  
Complete Account

The study of earthquakes from historical sources, or historical seismology, was considered an early priority for the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) project, which commissioned a study of historical seismicity on a global scale. This was the Global Earthquake History (GEH) project, led jointly by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV; Milan, Italy) and the British Geological Survey (BGS; UK). GEH was structured around three complementary deliverables: archive, catalog, and the Web infrastructure designed to store both the archive and catalog. The Global Historical Earthquake Archive (GHEA) provides a complete account of the global situation in historical seismology for large earthquakes. From GHEA, the Global Historical Earthquake Catalogue (GHEC v1.0) was derived—a world catalog of earthquakes for the period 1000–1903, with magnitudes of Mw7 and over. Though much remains to be done, the data here presented show that the compilation of both archive and catalog contribute to an improved understanding of the Global Earthquake History.

scholarly journals From Crimea to Syria. Re-defining the alleged historical earthquake of 63 B.C.

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Traina
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Event ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Historical Seismicity ◽  
Historical Earthquake ◽  
Historical Seismology ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Paulus Orosius ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

Within the SGA research on the historical seismicity of the Crimean Peninsula (SGA Report, 1990), interest has been focused on the case of the earthquake of 63 B.C. According to regional seismic catalogues as well as to historic and archaeological literature, two late Roman sources. Dio Cassius and Paulus Orosius, allegedly give evidence of an earthquake which happened in the Crimea in this year; the event was linked to the death of Mithridates V1 Eupator, eventually the king of Pontos. Local archaeologists claimed to have found evidence of this event in the excavations of Panticapaeunl (present-day Ker?). In fact. this is the result of a restricted analysis of the written sources. Thence stems a sort of iivulgatan. currently accepted by scholarship, yet not really supported by the evidence. A re-examination of the whole question, including an analysis of all sources avalaible on earthquakes in the Eastern Mediterranean. showed that in that period no seismic event took place in the Crimea. Dio's and Orosius' accounts are instead concerned with another earthquake, already known for Syria from other sources. This historical case gives a proper methodological example of the problems concerned with the analysis of the evidence in historical seismology. not only of Antiquity, but of almost any premodern period.

scholarly journals On the magnitude and possible return period of the historical earthquake in ancient Savaria, 455 AD (Szombathely, West Hungary)

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-220
Author(s):  
Péter Varga
Keyword(s):  
Return Period ◽  
Seismic Event ◽  
Pannonian Basin ◽  
Historical Seismicity ◽  
Earthquake Catalogue ◽  
Recurrence Time ◽  
Earthquake Activity ◽  
Historical Earthquake ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Return Interval

AbstractIn 455 AD a strong, presumably M ≥ 6.0, earthquake occurred in or near the ancient town Savaria, the present Szombathely, West Hungary. According to the certainly incomplete earthquake catalogue, since then no similar significant seismic event occurred during the last 1500 years in this area which is currently considered inactive. Conclusions of this study are: (1) According to contemporary written historical sources (Annales Ravennates and biographical information about the life of Saint Severinus), the earthquake that destroyed Savaria and occurred in 455 AD had a magnitude of M ≥ 6.0. (2) In order to support the aforementioned magnitude value calculations were necessary. As the historical seismicity of the area is not known sufficiently an independent geodynamical approach – in parallel to the Gutenberg-Richter relationship – was used to estimate the return interval of earthquakes M ≥ 6. It was found in both cases that in the Szombathely region the recurrence time of earthquakes M6 and M6.5 is 1000 and 3000 years. Consequently, the earthquake activity of the Szombathely region is significantly lower than that of the Pannonian Basin in general.

scholarly journals A short introduction to historical earthquakes in Libya

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (2-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Suleiman ◽  
P. Albini ◽  
P. Migliavacca
Keyword(s):  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Historical Seismicity ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Macroseismic Effects ◽  
Instrumental Recording ◽  
Earthquake Effects

As a result of the relative motion of the African and European plates, Libya, located at the north central margin of the African continent, has experienced a considerable intraplate tectonism, particularly in its northern coastal regions. If the seismic activity of the last fifty years, at most, is known from instrumental recording, macroseismic effects of those earthquakes which affected Libya in the past centuries are still imperfectly known. To try and partly overcome this lack of information, in this contribution we present a short introduction to historical earthquakes in Libya, focusing on the period up to 1935. According to the studies published in the last twenty years, the earliest records of earthquakes in Libya are documented in the Roman period (3rd and 4th century A.D.). There is a gap in information along the Middle and Modern Ages, while the 19th and early 20th century evidence is concentrated on effects in Tripoli, in the western part of nowadays Libya. The Hun Graben area (western part of the Gulf of Sirt) has been identified as the location of many earthquakes affecting Libya, and it is in this area that the 19 April 1935 earthquake (Mw = 7.1) struck, followed by many aftershocks. Further investigations are needed, and some hints are here given at historical sources potentially reporting on earthquake effects in Libya. Their investigation could result in the needed improvement to lay the foundations of a database and a catalogue of the historical seismicity of Libya.

The 1258 Earthquake in Onteniente (Southeast Spain) Not Reported until 2002 in Any Catalog

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 2390-2394
Author(s):  
Elisa Buforn ◽  
Agustín Udías
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Historical Seismicity ◽  
James I ◽  
Southeast Region ◽  
Tax Exemptions ◽  
The People ◽  
King James I ◽  
The Town ◽  
Large Earthquakes ◽  
Southeast Spain

Abstract Historical seismicity is particularly important for the southeast region of the Iberian Peninsula, where large earthquakes are separated by long periods of time. The study of medieval earthquakes presents special difficulties. In this study, we review the earthquake of 1258 in the town of Onteniente, an event that was not present in regional catalogs of the Iberian Peninsula until 2002. Information about the earthquake is based on a contemporary letter by King James I of Aragon, who granted tax exemptions to the people of the town of Onteniente because of the damage.

scholarly journals Geological evidence of tsunamis and earthquakes at the Eastern Hellenic Arc: correlation with historical seismicity in the eastern Mediterranean Sea

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerassimos Papadopoulos ◽  
Koji Minoura ◽  
Fumihiko Imamura ◽  
Ugur Kuran ◽  
Ahmet Yalçiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Historical Seismicity ◽  
Sand Layer ◽  
Tsunami Generation ◽  
Western Turkey ◽  
Geological Evidence ◽  
Hellenic Arc ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Layer I ◽  
Large Earthquakes

Sedimentary stratigraphy determined by trenching in Dalaman, south-western Turkey, revealed three sand layers at a distance of approximately 240 m from the shoreline and at elevations of +0.30, +0.55 and +0.90 cm. Storm surge action does not explain the features of these deposits that show instead typical characteristics of tsunami deposition. The sand layers correlate with historical tsunamis generated by large earthquakes which ruptured the eastern Hellenic Arc and Trench in 1303, 1481 and 1741. Accelerator mass spectrometry <sup>14</sup>C dating of a wood sample from layer II indicated deposition in AD 1473±46, which fits the 1481 event. From an estimated average alluvium deposition rate of approximately 0.13 cm/year, layers I and III were dated at 1322 and 1724, which may represent the large 1303 and 1741 tsunamis. The geological record of the 1303 key event is very poor; therefore, sand layer I perhaps represents an important geological signature of the 1303 tsunami. However, the strong tsunami reported to have been generated by the 1609 earthquake is missing from Dalaman stratigraphy: this underlines the sensitivity of tsunami geological signatures to various local factors. The 1303 earthquake ruptured the trench between the islands of Crete and Rhodes. For the earthquakes of 1481, 1609 and 1741 we suggested that they were very likely generated in the Rhodes Abyssal Plain where sea depths of up to approximately 4200 m, together with the thrust component of seismotectonics, favor tsunami generation. Sand dykes directed upwards from layer I to layer II indicated that the 1481 earthquake triggered liquefaction of sand layer I. The results substantially widen our knowledge about the historical earthquake and tsunami activity in the eastern Mediterranean basin.

The 2018 version of the Global Earthquake Model: Hazard component

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 226-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Pagani ◽  
Julio Garcia-Pelaez ◽  
Robin Gee ◽  
Kendra Johnson ◽  
Valerio Poggi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Hazard Models ◽  
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Current State ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Earthquake Model ◽  
National Models

In December 2018, at the conclusion of its second implementation phase, the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation released its first version of a map outlining the spatial distribution of seismic hazard at a global scale. The map is the result of an extensive, joint effort combining the results obtained from a collection of probabilistic seismic hazard models, called the GEM Mosaic. Together, the map and the underlying database of models provide an up-to-date view of the earthquake threat globally. In addition, using the Mosaic, a synopsis of the current state-of-practice in modeling probabilistic seismic hazard at national and regional scales is possible. The process adopted for the compilation of the Mosaic adhered to the maximum extent possible to GEM’s principles of collaboration, inclusiveness, transparency, and reproducibility. For each region, priority was given to seismic hazard models either developed by well-recognized national agencies or by large collaborative projects involving local scientists. The version of the GEM Mosaic presented herein contains 30 probabilistic seismic hazard models, 14 of which represent national or sub-national models; the remainder are regional-scale models. We discuss the general qualities of these models, the underlying framework of the database, and the outlook for the Mosaic’s utility and its future versions.

Insights into Preinstrumental Earthquake Data and Catalogs in Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 2546-2553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea N. Rovida ◽  
Paola Albini ◽  
Mario Locati ◽  
Andrea Antonucci
Keyword(s):  
European Archive ◽  
Historical Earthquake ◽  
Earthquake Parameters ◽  
Earthquake Catalogs ◽  
Reliability Parameters ◽  
Earthquake Effects ◽  
Large Earthquakes ◽  
Different Origin ◽  
Earthquake Data ◽  
Final Synthesis

Abstract In current catalogs, the parameters of preinstrumental earthquakes represent the final synthesis of earthquake records of very different type, quality, and reliability. Parameters may be derived from actual and contemporary observations of earthquake effects interpreted as intensity distributions or may be supplied by later seismological studies and descriptive catalogs, consisting of the reinterpretation of already interpreted accounts. The content of earthquake catalogs results from piling data of different origin, interpreted according to diverse approaches. Consequently, the homogeneity and reliability of earthquake parameters strongly vary from one region or period to another, and it is not as straightforward as assumed by end users. The analysis of the wealth of data in the European Archive of Historical Earthquake Data (AHEAD) evidences many differences in their typology and update of the studies supporting European preinstrumental earthquake catalogs, for both moderate and large earthquakes, over a period of 1000 yr.

scholarly journals Catalogues of historical earthquakes in Italy

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (2-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Camassi
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
Short Note ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Historical Earthquake ◽  
Historical Seismology ◽  
Critical Awareness ◽  
Complete Survey

A complete survey of historical earthquake investigation in Italy cannot be compressed into a few pages, since it would entail making a summary of widely different phases of research (performed by past scholars and by contemporary scientists and historians) and taking into account the widely different historical contexts, methodological assumptions and critical awareness of each of them. This short note only purposes to chart the main stages of the progress made by Italian historical seismology, from the late 17th century compilation by Bonito(1691) up to the latest parametric catalogue (Working Group CPTI, 1999).

Do historical rates of seismicity in southern California require the occurrence of earthquake magnitudes greater than would be predicted from fault length?

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 1662-1666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark W. Stirling ◽  
Steven G. Wesnousky
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Historical Seismicity ◽  
Historical Distribution ◽  
Large Earthquakes ◽  
Fault Length

Abstract The Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities reported a discrepancy between the historical rates of large earthquakes in southern California and rates predicted from interpretation of geological, geodetic, and historical seismicity data. It was suggested that the discrepancy may be due to the assumption within their analysis that the magnitude of the largest earthquake on a fault is limited by the mapped fault length. Our analysis of the available data does not support the presence of a historical deficit in the rate of seismicity, nor does it require that earthquakes that rupture beyond the lengths of mapped active faults in southern California, or that rupture numerous subparallel faults, are needed to explain the historical distribution of seismicity.

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