Biological effect of microwave electromagnetic radiation: methods of registration and protection

The development of modern electronics, communications, high-tech production and other technologies lead to a significant increase in the intensity of microwave electromagnetic radiation. This article discusses the problem of registration (including biological detection) and protection from microwave electromagnetic radiation. To consider the method of integral biological and instrumental recording of the intensity of microwave electromagnetic radiation and to evaluate the method of protection using a passive multifrequency re-emitter generator with a radio holographic antenna (trade mark EQVILUM). A series of experiments were carried out to determine the number of double-strand breaks in DNA (DS DNA) by the foci of γH2AX repair proteins, to assess proliferative activity and clonogenic ability after 3 hours of exposure to microwave electromagnetic radiation with a frequency radiation of 1200 MHz both with shielding and without it on a culture of human lung fibroblasts (MRC5 line). It is shown that no changes in the level of DS DNA were revealed in experimental cells, however, a decrease in the clonogenic ability of irradiated cells without shielding was observed against the background of their high proliferative activity. The mechanisms of the observed cellular effects formation are unclear and we suppose that they can be associated with both a change in the metabolism of irradiated cells and with the triggering of certain intracellular mechanisms initiated by electromagnetic radiation (EMR). This study made it possible to identify effective ways of integral assessment of the biological effects of microwave electromagnetic radiation as well as ways of protection against it. A film microcircuit – an autonomous module of a passive multi-frequency re-emitter generator with a radio holographic antenna (EQVILUM trademark) has shown its high efficiency in protection against man-made microwave electromagnetic radiation and can be recommended as an additional means of effective protection.

USING APPLICATION OF AN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK SYSTEM TO BACKCALCULATE PAVEMENT ELASTIC MODULUS

Statement of the problem. The article is devoted to the use of artificial neural networks in solving the problems of processing the results of instrumental recording of bowls of flexible pavement deflections using FWD shock loading settings. Results. The analysis was carried out, the shortcomings of the existing processing methods were noted, in particular the “backcalculation” method, which consists of a long calculation time, and the instability of the results obtained. The structure of the artificial neural network was built to determine the elastic moduli of the pavement layers. Training of an artificial neural network was carried out using the method of back propagation of error. Conclusions. The developed neural network has shown good results in training on the test data set, as well as high accuracy of prediction of the elastic moduli of the pavement.

Use of Artificial Neural Networks for Calculating Elasticity Modulus of Construction Layers of Non-Rigid Road Surfacing Based on Natural Data

Постановка задачи. Рассматриваются вопросы использования искусственных нейронных сетей при решении задач обработки результатов инструментальных регистраций чаш прогибов нежесткой дорожной одежды с использованием установок ударного нагружения FWD . Результаты. Проведен анализ и отмечены недостатки существующих методов обработки экспериментальных чаш прогибов, в частности метода обратного расчета модулей упругости слоев дорожных одежд, заключающиеся в длительном времени выполнения расчетов и неустойчивости получаемых результатов. Построена структура искусственной нейронной сети для определения модулей упругости слоев дорожной одежды. Обучение искусственной нейронной сети осуществлялось с использованием метода обратного распространения ошибки. Выводы. Разработанная нейронная сеть продемонстрировала хорошие результаты при обучении по тестовому набору данных, а также высокую точность прогнозирования модулей упругости слоев дорожных одежд. Statement of the problem. The article is devoted to the use of artificial neural networks in solving the problems of processing the results of instrumental recording of bowls of deflections of non-rigid road surfacing using FWD shock loading settings. Results. The analysis was carried out, the shortcomings of the existing processing methods were identified, in particular the backcalculation method, which involves a long calculation time, and the instability of the results obtained. The structure of the artificial neural network was designed to determine the elastic moduli of the pavement layers. Training of an artificial neural network was carried out using the method of back propagation of error. Conclusions. The developed neural network has shown good results in training on the test data set, as well as high accuracy of prediction of the elastic moduli of the pavement.

Recording “Foggy Mountain Breakdown”

Flatt and Scruggs went into Herzog Studios in Cincinnati, Ohio, on December 11, 1949, to record his recently composed tune “Foggy Mountain Breakdown,” the first instrumental recording for Flatt and Scruggs. E. T. (Bud) Herzog had started the studio a few years earlier, attracting name artists such as Patti Page and Hank Williams. Producer Murray Nash used the new medium of magnetic tape recording at the sessions, almost certainly using several microphones to achieve a widely praised sound. Nash, from the Midwest, had quickly gotten up to speed on the record industry, which was growing quickly following the end of the union ban on live recording and with the postwar growth of the economy.

Update of the tsunami catalogue of New Caledonia using a decision table based on seismic data and marigraphic records

Fourteen years ago, the 26 December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami demonstrated the destructional capability of tsunamis to the entire world. Since then, many research programs have been initiated to try to understand the phenomenon and its related hazards better and to improve the early warning systems for exposed coastal populations. Pacific Islands Countries and Territories (PICTs) are especially vulnerable to tsunamis. Amongst them, New Caledonia is a French overseas territory located in the Southwest Pacific and exposed to several tsunami sources. In 2010, a catalogue of tsunamis that were visually observed or measured in New Caledonia was published. Since this first study, several events occurred between 2009 and 2019, and an update of this catalogue was necessary within the framework of a tsunami hazard assessment project in New Caledonia (TSUCAL). To complete this catalogue, a decision table has been designed to select potential tsunamigenic events within the USGS earthquake database, using criteria on the distance to New Caledonia, the magnitude and the hypocenter depth. Then a cross-comparison between these earthquakes, the NOAA National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) tsunami catalogue and local tide gauge records provided 25 events that were recorded in New Caledonia for the period from 30 September 2009 to 10 January 2019. These events are added to the 12 events reported with certainty during previous studies, leading to a number of 37 tsunamis triggered by earthquakes reported or recorded in New Caledonia since 1875. Six of them have been identified only thanks to local tide gauges, supporting the fact that instrumental recording of tsunamis is paramount for tsunami hazard studies, from early warning to the validation of coastal models. In addition, unpublished tide gauge data are provided for the 1960 Chile tsunami.

Update of the tsunami catalogue of New Caledonia using a decision table based on seismic data and maregraphic records

14 years ago, the December 26, 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami brought to the entire World the destruction capability of tsunamis. Since then, many research programs have been initiated to try to better understand the phenomenon and its related hazards, and to improve the early warning systems for the exposed coastal populations. Pacific Islands Countries and Territories (PICTs) are especially vulnerable to tsunamis. Amongst them, New Caledonia is a French overseas territory located in the South-western Pacific and exposed to several tsunamis sources. In 2010, a catalogue of tsunamis that were visually observed or measured in New Caledonia was published. Since this first study, several events occurred between 2009 and 2019 and an update of this catalogue was necessary within the framework of a tsunami hazard assessment project (TSUCAL). To complete this catalogue, a decision algorithm has been designed to select potential tsunamigenic events within the USGS earthquake database, using criteria on the distance to New Caledonia, the magnitude and the hypocenter depth. Then a cross-comparison between these earthquake events, the NOAA NGDC tsunami catalogue and local tide gauge records provided 25 events that were recorded in New Caledonia for the period from September 30, 2009 to January 10, 2019. These events are added to the 12 events reported with certainty during previous studies, leading to a number of 37 tsunamis triggered by earthquakes reported in New Caledonia since 1875. Six of them have been identified only thanks to local tide gauges, supporting the fact that instrumental recording of tsunamis is paramount for tsunami hazard studies, from early warning to the validation of coastal models. In addition, previously unpublished data is provided for other already reported tsunamis as well as tsunamis with unspecified date and source.

Possibilities of Instrumental Recording of Quantitative Characteristics of the Cranial Rhythm

Introduction. The cranial rhythm is represented by the rhythmic movement of the skull bones associated with the cyclic changes in production and pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid. The existing methods of instrumental recording of the quantitative characteristics of the cranial rhythm are either invasive, either contact, or very complex. Objective. To evaluate the EHF-bioradiolocation method as a method of recording of the quantitative characte-ristics of the cranial rhythm. Methods. Twenty volunteers were examined. At the first stage of the study, we determined the optimal conditions for registering the cranial rhythm with the help of the EHF bioradiolocator. At the second stage, the volonteers’ cranial rhythm was registered with the use of an EHF-bioradiolator. Then the volonteers were subjected to osteopathic diagnostics and correction. After that the cranial rhythm was recorded again. Results. For the first time we registered the cranial rhythm with the help of the EHF-bioradiolocator. In most cases, the frequency of the cranial rhythm recorded by the device coincided with the frequency determined by an osteopath. After the osteopathic treatment, the total amplitude of the oscillations increased in all the patients. Assessment of changes in the frequency of the cranial rhythm was difficult due to the presence of several harmonics. Conclusion. With the help of the EHF-bioradiolocator, it is possible to register the quantitative characteristics of the cranial rhythm - frequency and amplitude. The methodology we developed is safe and relatively simple. It is non-contact, and can be used both for diagnostic purposes, and for monitoring and evaluation of the treatment results.

The autumn 1919 Torremendo (Jacarilla) earthquake series (SE Spain)

<p>On 10th September 1919 several slightly damaging earthquakes struck the towns of Torremendo, Jacarilla (near Alicante, SE-Spain) and others nearby. Available magnitude estimations for the largest two events of the series are M = 5 approx. They were earthquakes of moderate size and they occurred in a region where similar magnitude earthquakes, thoroughly studied, occurred recently (1999 Mula; 2002 Bullas; 2005 La Paca; 2011 Lorca). This makes these events of interest for a better definition of the regional seismicity. We study their sources from the analysis of the available contemporary seismograms and related documents. A total of 23 seismograms from 9 seismic stations have been collected and digitized. These seismograms contain records for the two main events and several aftershocks of the earthquake series. Finally 44 files, corresponding to 44 recorded single component records from the different events have been processed. The events have been relocated and their magnitudes recalculated. Also, original macroseismic information for these events was recovered. A macroseismic evaluation of the series has been performed. Intensity data points have been recalculated and macroseismic location and magnitude obtained. We conclude that these are the largest earthquakes occurred in the region since the beginning of instrumental recording, with Mw = 5.5 for the largest shock, and that the available data could be compatible with a thrust mechanism related to blind faults in the Bajo Segura region.</p>

A short introduction to historical earthquakes in Libya

As a result of the relative motion of the African and European plates, Libya, located at the north central margin of the African continent, has experienced a considerable intraplate tectonism, particularly in its northern coastal regions. If the seismic activity of the last fifty years, at most, is known from instrumental recording, macroseismic effects of those earthquakes which affected Libya in the past centuries are still imperfectly known. To try and partly overcome this lack of information, in this contribution we present a short introduction to historical earthquakes in Libya, focusing on the period up to 1935. According to the studies published in the last twenty years, the earliest records of earthquakes in Libya are documented in the Roman period (3rd and 4th century A.D.). There is a gap in information along the Middle and Modern Ages, while the 19th and early 20th century evidence is concentrated on effects in Tripoli, in the western part of nowadays Libya. The Hun Graben area (western part of the Gulf of Sirt) has been identified as the location of many earthquakes affecting Libya, and it is in this area that the 19 April 1935 earthquake (Mw = 7.1) struck, followed by many aftershocks. Further investigations are needed, and some hints are here given at historical sources potentially reporting on earthquake effects in Libya. Their investigation could result in the needed improvement to lay the foundations of a database and a catalogue of the historical seismicity of Libya.