Incidence trends, rates, and ethnic variations of primary CNS tumors in Texas from 1995 to 2013

Abstract Background Although rare, primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Texas is a representative sample of the United States population given its large population, ethnic disparities, geographic variations, and socio-economic differences. This study used Texas data to determine if variations in incidence trends and rates exist among different ethnicities in Texas. Methods Data from the Texas Cancer Registry from 1995 to 2013 were examined. Joinpoint Regression Program software was used to obtain the incidence trends and SEER*Stat software was used to produce average annual age-adjusted incidence rates for both nonmalignant and malignant tumors in Texas from 2009 to 2013. Results The incidence trend of malignant primary CNS tumors in whites was stable from 1995 to 2002, after which the annual percent change decreased by 0.99% through 2013 (95% CI, -1.4, -0.5; P = .04). Blacks and Asian/Pacific Islanders showed unchanged incidence trends from 1995 to 2013. Hispanics had an annual percent change of -0.83 (95% CI, -1.4, -0.2; P = .009) per year from 1995 through 2013. From 2009 to 2013, the incidence rates of nonmalignant and malignant primary CNS tumors were highest among blacks, followed by whites, Hispanics, Asians, and American Indians/Alaskan Natives. Conclusions Consistent with the 2016 Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States report, the black population in Texas showed the highest total incidence of CNS tumors of any other race studied. Many factors have been proposed to account for the observed differences in incidence rate including geography, socioeconomic factors, and poverty factors, although the evidence for these external factors is lacking.

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Melanoma Incidence Among Non-Hispanic Whites in All 50 US States From 2001 Through 2015

JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute ◽

10.1093/jnci/djz153 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 112 (5) ◽

pp. 533-539 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Aaron P Thrift ◽

Franciska J Gudenkauf

Keyword(s):

Incidence Rate ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

The United States ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Birth Cohorts ◽

Annual Percent Change ◽

Incidence Trends ◽

Percent Change ◽

Melanoma Incidence

Abstract Background The United States has large regional variation in primary prevention campaigns for skin cancer. We collected data from all 50 states to examine changes in melanoma incidence and performed age-period-cohort analyses to describe the simultaneous effects of age, period, and cohort on incidence rates. Methods Annual melanoma incidence rates for non-Hispanic whites from 2001 to 2015 were extracted from the US Cancer Statistics registry. Secular trends were examined overall and by sex and state. We used joinpoint regression to compute annual percent change and average annual percent change and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We also analyzed incidence trends by 5-year age group and birth cohort using incidence rate ratios and age-period-cohort modeling. Results Melanoma incidence increased from 20.7 per 100 000 (95% CI = 20.5 to 20.9) in 2001 to 28.2 per 100 000 (95% CI = 28.0 to 28.5) in 2015, increasing by 3.90% (95% CI = 2.36% to 5.48%) annually between 2001 and 2005 and 1.68% (95% CI = 1.37% to 1.99%) annually from 2005 through 2015. The average annual percent change in melanoma incidence rates were similar for men (2.34%, 95% CI = 1.91 to 2.78) and women (2.25%, 95% CI = 1.60 to 2.91). Age-specific relative risk by birth cohort increased from circa 1921 to 1981 before decreasing. Compared with adults born circa 1956, those born circa 1991 had lower melanoma risk (incidence rate ratio = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.77 to 0.94). Geographic variation was observed; some states still have melanoma rates trending upwards in all birth cohorts. Conclusions The continued increase in melanoma incidence among non-Hispanic whites, particularly in states where rates continue to rise among recent and current birth cohorts, underscores the need for increased public health campaigns aimed at reducing sun exposure.

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Abstract 10: Widening Rural Disadvantage in United States Premature Heart Disease Mortality: Trends by Region and Race/Ethnicity, 2000 - 2013

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.133.suppl_1.10 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Elizabeth B Pathak ◽

Colin J Forsyth

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Heart Disease ◽

American Indians ◽

Rural Areas ◽

The United States ◽

Vital Statistics ◽

The South ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

Annual Percent Change ◽

Death Rates

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to quantify rural and metropolitan trends in premature heart disease (HD) mortality using the most up-to-date data available (through 2013). To our knowledge this is the first study to analyze these geographic disparities for Hispanics (HSP), Asians/Pacific Islanders (API), and American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/AN). Methods: Annual age-adjusted HD death rates for adults aged 25-64 years were analyzed for 2000-2013. Rates were calculated for 5 racial/ethnic groups (Non-Hispanic Whites (WNH), Non-Hispanic Blacks (BNH), HSP of any race, Non-Hispanic API, and Non-Hispanic AI/AN). County-level data were aggregated by urbanicity: large central metro (LCM), large fringe metro (LFM), medium/small metro (MSM), and micropolitan/rural (RURAL). Region was defined as South (16 states) and Non-South. All data were obtained from the National Vital Statistics System on CDC WONDER. Average annual percent change (AAPC) was calculated by linear regression of the log-transformed death rates using SAS 9.4. Results: In 2013, the national population-at-risk predominantly resided in metro areas. However, there were more than 10 million RURAL adults aged 25-64 years in the South (16.2% of the region) and more than 13.4 million in the non-South (12.9% of the region). Nationwide, HD death rates were lowest in the LFM counties. In the South, the rate ratio (RR) for RURAL vs. LFM areas in 2011-2013 was 1.76 (95% CI 1.73 to 1.79) for WNH, 2.00 (95% CI 1.85 to 2.16) for HSP, 1.78 (95%CI 1.71 to 1.82) for BNH, 1.57 (95% CI 1.22 to 2.03) for API, and 3.13 (95% CI 2.47 to 3.96) for NNH. In the non-South, RURAL vs. LFM RRs were smaller, with the exception of API (RR 2.37, 95% CI 2.07 to 2.71). Temporal trend analyses revealed significantly smaller AAPC in RURAL areas (see Table). Conclusions: Higher death rates coupled with slower declines have resulted in a widening rural disadvantage in premature HD mortality in the United States from 2000 to 2013, particularly for WNH, HSP, BNH, and AI/AN in the South, and WNH in the non-South.

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Declining Incidence of Contralateral Breast Cancer in the United States From 1975 to 2006

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2010.32.7395 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 (12) ◽

pp. 1564-1569 ◽

Cited By ~ 144

Author(s):

Hazel B. Nichols ◽

Amy Berrington de González ◽

James V. Lacey ◽

Philip S. Rosenberg ◽

William F. Anderson

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

United States ◽

Contralateral Breast Cancer ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

The United States ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Contralateral Breast ◽

Breast Cancers ◽

Annual Percent Change ◽

Er Positive

Purpose Contralateral breast cancer (CBC) is the most frequent new malignancy among women diagnosed with a first breast cancer. Although temporal trends for first breast cancers have been well studied, trends for CBC are not so well established. Patients and Methods We examined temporal trends in CBC incidence using US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1975 to 2006). Data were stratified by estrogen receptor (ER) status of the first breast cancer for the available time period (1990+). We estimated the annual percent change (EAPC) in CBC rates using Poisson regression models adjusted for the age at and time since first breast cancer diagnosis. Results Before 1985, CBC incidence rates were stable (EAPC, 0.27% per year; 95% CI, −0.4 to 0.9), after which they declined with an EAPC of −3.07% per year (95% CI, −3.5 to −2.7). From 1990 forward, the declines were restricted to CBC after an ER-positive cancer (EAPC, −3.18%; 95% CI, −4.2 to −2.2) with no clear decreases after an ER-negative cancer. Estimated current age-specific CBC rates (per 100/year) after an ER-positive first cancer were: 0.45 for first cancers diagnosed before age 30 years and 0.25 to 0.37 for age 30 years or older. Rates after an ER-negative cancer were higher: 1.26 before age 30 years, 0.85 for age 30 to 35 years, and 0.45 to 0.65 for age 40 or older. Conclusion Results show a favorable decrease of 3% per year for CBC incidence in the United States since 1985. This overall trend was driven by declining CBC rates after an ER-positive cancer, possibly because of the widespread usage of adjuvant hormone therapies, after the results of the Nolvadex Adjuvant Trial Organisation were published in 1983, and/or other adjuvant treatments.

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Cutaneous lymphoma incidence patterns in the United States: a population-based study of 3884 cases

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2008-10-184168 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 113 (21) ◽

pp. 5064-5073 ◽

Cited By ~ 364

Author(s):

Porcia T. Bradford ◽

Susan S. Devesa ◽

William F. Anderson ◽

Jorge R. Toro

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Large Population ◽

Survival Rates ◽

The United States ◽

Population Based ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

T Cell Lymphomas ◽

Cutaneous Lymphomas ◽

Distinct Disease ◽

Asian Pacific

Abstract There have been no prior large population-based studies focusing on cutaneous lymphomas (CL) in the United States. Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program data, we analyzed age-adjusted CL incidence rates (IRs) and survival rates by sex and race/ethnicity. There were 3884 CLs diagnosed during 2001-2005. Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) accounted for 71% (age-adjusted incidence rate [IR] = 7.7/1 000 000 person-years), whereas cutaneous B-cell lymphomas(CBCLs) accounted for 29% (IR = 3.1/1 000 000 person-years). Males had a statistically significant higher IR of CL than females (14.0 vs 8.2/1 000 000 person-years, respectively; male-female IR ratio [M/F IRR] = 1.72; P < .001). CL IRs were highest among blacks and non-Hispanic whites (both 11.5/1 000 000 person-years), followed by Hispanic whites (7.9) and Asian/Pacific Islanders (7.1). The CTCL IR was highest among blacks (10.0/1 000 000 person-years), whereas the CBCL IR was highest among non-Hispanic whites (3.5). Over the past 25 years, the CL IR increased from 5.0/1 000 000 person-years during 1980-1982 to 14.3 during 2001-2003. During 2004-2005, the CL IR was 12.7. This recent apparent change could be incomplete case ascertainment or potential leveling off of IRs. CLs rates vary markedly by race and sex, supporting the notion that they represent distinct disease entities.

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Trends in the Incidence of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma in All 50 United States Examined Through an Age-Period-Cohort Analysis

JNCI Cancer Spectrum ◽

10.1093/jncics/pkaa033 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Wilson L da Costa ◽

Abiodun O Oluyomi ◽

Aaron P Thrift

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽

Cohort Analysis ◽

The United States ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽

Birth Cohorts ◽

Men And Women ◽

Cancer Statistics ◽

Incidence Trends

Abstract Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a major contributor to cancer-related mortality in the United States. We aimed to investigate trends in incidence rates from all 50 states from 2001 to 2016, overall and by race, sex, and state and using age-period-cohort analyses. Methods Age-adjusted incidence rates and trends in adults aged 35 years and older were calculated using data from the US Cancer Statistics registry. We used joinpoint regression to compute annual percent changes (APC) and average annual percent changes. We also analyzed incidence trends by age groups and birth cohorts through age-period-cohort modeling. Results Age-standardized incidence rates increased by 1.23% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.92% to 1.54%) annually between 2001 and 2008 but were stable between 2008 and 2016 (APC = 0.11%, 95% CI = -0.13% to 0.35%). APCs and inflection points were no different for men and women. Rates increased statistically significantly among non-Hispanic whites (NHW) and non-Hispanic blacks between 2001 and 2007 and between 2001 and 2008, respectively, but, in later years, rates increased slowly among NHWs (APC = 0.36%, 95% CI = 0.12% to 0.60%), and were stable among non-Hispanic blacks (APC = -0.40%, 95% CI = -0.89% to 0.10%). The number of states with age-standardized incidence rates no less than 20.4 per 100 000 increased from 16 in 2001–2003 to 40 by 2015–2016. We found a strong birth cohort effect in both men and women and increasing rates among successive birth cohorts of NHWs. Conclusions The incidence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has consistently increased in the United States, albeit at slower rates recently. We observed notable increases among NHWs and in some states in the central and southern part of the country.

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Trend and Geographic Variations in the Incidence of Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia in the United States over 17 Years from 1988 to 2004.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v110.11.5174.5174 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 110 (11) ◽

pp. 5174-5174

Author(s):

Michael Wang ◽

Yuhong Zhou ◽

Haijun Wang ◽

Qing Yi ◽

Yanxia Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Waldenström’S Macroglobulinemia ◽

Geographic Variations ◽

Annual Percent Change ◽

Percent Change ◽

Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia ◽

Waldenstrom’S Macroglobulinemia ◽

Adjusted Incidence ◽

Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia

Abstract Background: Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia (WM) is an uncommon subtype of B cell malignancy. The updated trend of its incidence in the United States has not been reported. Objective: To better understand the incidence and epidemiological features of WM in the United States. Methods: We conducted a population-based incidence study with 1463 patients (pts) with WM identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) tumor registries over 17 years. From the SEER data, 78,558 pts of all ages diagnosed with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) were identified between 1988 and 2004 in 9 SEER areas. Of these pts, 1463 had pathologically confirmed WM, accounting for 2% of NHL. The incidence with 95% confidence intervals were generated from SEER*Stat Software and was age-adjusted to the U.S. year 2000 standard population. Annual Percent Change (APC)for the incidence was calculated and considered to be statistically significant if p value was less than 0.05. The crude 1-year survival rate was calculated as the ratio of the number of pts who survived over 1 year and the number of pts diagnosed with WM. Results: Of the1463 pts with WM, median age at diagnosis was 73. Overall incidence rate was 0.37/100,000/year, which increased with age from 0.03 in pts aged <50 to 1.03 in pts aged 60–69 and 2.76 in pts aged 80 or older. The age-adjusted incidence did not change significantly from 0.34 in 1988 compared with 0.36 in 2004. Therefore was no significant Annual Percent Change (0.97%, p>0.05). Incidence of WM was higher in men (0.52) than in women (0.26) (P<0.001). There were substantial geographic variations (p<0.001) in the incidence of WM. The age-adjusted incidence was highest in Seattle (0.49) and lowest in Atlanta (0.19). The incidence was higher in Caucasians (0.40) than in African-Americans (0.17) and other races (0.20). Annual Percentage Change was 1.3% in Caucasians (p<0.05). Conclusion: The overall incidence of Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia did not change significantly from 1988 to 2004, and was significantly higher in male Caucasians. There were substantial geographical variations in the incidence of Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia in the United States.

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Patterns of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer Among Nigerians and African Americans

JCO Global Oncology ◽

10.1200/go.20.00272 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1647-1655

Author(s):

Andreana N. Holowatyj ◽

Aishatu Suleiman Maude ◽

Halimatu Sadiya Musa ◽

Ahmed Adamu ◽

Sani Ibrahim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

United States ◽

African Americans ◽

Early Onset ◽

Ethnic Disparities ◽

Cancer Registries ◽

The United States ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

University Teaching ◽

Rectal Tumors

PURPOSE Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence rates are increasing among individuals < 50 years of age (early-onset CRC) globally with causes unknown. Racial/ethnic disparities in early-onset CRC have also grown more pronounced, because Black individuals have higher early-onset CRC incidence and poorer survival compared with White individuals. We describe the prevalence and burden of early-onset CRC among Africans in Nigeria and African Americans (AAs) in the United States. PATIENTS AND METHODS We identified Black individuals diagnosed with a first primary CRC ages 18 to 49 years between 1989 and 2017 at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital in Zaria, Nigeria (Nigerians), and in the United States (AAs) using the National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute’s SEER program of cancer registries. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate clinical and demographic differences between Nigerians and AAs with early-onset CRC, adjusted for age, sex, tumor site, and histology. RESULTS A total of 5,019 Black individuals were diagnosed with early-onset CRC over the study period (379 Nigerians; 4,640 AAs). Overall, approximately one third of young Black patients were diagnosed with rectal tumors (35.8%). Nigerian individuals with early-onset CRC were eight-fold more likely to be diagnosed with rectal tumors (odds ratio [OR], 8.14; 95% CI, 6.23 to 10.62; P < .0001) and more likely to be diagnosed at younger ages (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.86 to 0.89; P < .0001) compared with young African Americans in adjusted models. CONCLUSION Compared with AA individuals diagnosed with early-onset CRC, Nigerian individuals harbor distinct features of early-onset CRC. Additional investigation of the histopathologic and biologic heterogeneity of early-onset CRCs among Black individuals is critical for understanding racial disparities in susceptibility and outcomes, which may have implications for tailored early-onset CRC prevention, detection, and treatment strategies.

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Time Trends in Pulmonary Embolism Mortality Rates in the United States, 1999 to 2018

Journal of the American Heart Association ◽

10.1161/jaha.120.016784 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (17) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Karlyn A. Martin ◽

Rebecca Molsberry ◽

Michael J. Cuttica ◽

Kush R. Desai ◽

Daniel R. Schimmel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Pulmonary Embolism ◽

Inflection Point ◽

The United States ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

Annual Percent Change ◽

Younger Adults ◽

Men And Women ◽

Percent Change

Background Although historical trends before 1998 demonstrated improvements in mortality caused by pulmonary embolism (PE), contemporary estimates of mortality trends are unknown. Therefore, our objective is to describe trends in death rates caused by PE in the United States, overall and by sex‐race, regional, and age subgroups. Methods and Results We used nationwide death certificate data from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide‐Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research to calculate age‐adjusted mortality rates for PE as underlying cause of death from 1999 to 2018. We used the Joinpoint regression program to examine statistical trends and average annual percent change. Trends in PE mortality rates reversed after an inflection point in 2008, with an average annual percent change before 2008 of −4.4% (−5.7, −3.0, P <0.001), indicating reduction in age‐adjusted mortality rates of 4.4% per year between 1999 and 2008, versus average annual percent change after 2008 of +0.6% (0.2, 0.9, P <0.001). Black men and women had approximately 2‐fold higher age‐adjusted mortality rates compared with White men and women, respectively, before and after the inflection point. Similar trends were seen in geographical regions. Age‐adjusted mortality rates for younger adults (25–64 years) increased during the study period (average annual percent change 2.1% [1.6, 2.6]) and remained stable for older adults (>65 years). Conclusions Our study findings demonstrate that PE mortality has increased over the past decade and racial and geographic disparities persist. Identifying the underlying drivers of these changing mortality trends and persistently observed disparities is necessary to mitigate the burden of PE‐related mortality, particularly premature preventable PE deaths among younger adults (<65 years).

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At-a-glance - Cancer trends in Canada, 1984 to 2015

Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada ◽

10.24095/hpcdp.39.11.04 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (11) ◽

pp. 310-314

Author(s):

Alain A. Demers ◽

Darren R. Brenner ◽

Leah Smith ◽

Amanda Shaw

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Annual Percent Change ◽

Cancer Statistics ◽

Incidence Trends ◽

Percent Change ◽

Cancer Types ◽

Trends Over Time ◽

Cancer Trends ◽

Over Time

Examining incidence trends of all cancers combined in order to understand cancer trends can be misleading, as patterns can vary across individual cancer types. This paper highlights findings on trends over time from Canadian Cancer Statistics 2019, as measured by the annual percent change (APC) of age-standardized incidence rates. Among the results were a recent increase in thyroid cancer in males (APC: 6.4%, 1997–2015), as well as decreases in prostate cancer (APC: −9.1%, 2011–2015) and cervical cancer (APC: −3.3%, 2010–2015).

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Ovarian Cancer Incidence Trends in Relation to Changing Patterns of Menopausal Hormone Therapy Use in the United States

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2012.45.5758 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (17) ◽

pp. 2146-2151 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Hannah P. Yang ◽

William F. Anderson ◽

Philip S. Rosenberg ◽

Britton Trabert ◽

Gretchen L. Gierach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

The United States ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Ovarian Cancer Risk ◽

Histologic Subtype ◽

Incidence Trends ◽

Cancer Incidence Rates

Purpose After a report from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) in 2002, a precipitous decline in menopausal hormonal therapy (MHT) use in the United States was linked to a decline in breast cancer incidence rates. Given that MHT use is also associated with increased ovarian cancer risk, we tested whether ovarian cancer incidence rates changed after 2002. Methods Using the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries database (1995 to 2008; N = 171,142 incident ovarian cancers), we applied standard analytic approaches and age-period-cohort (APC) models to estimate ovarian cancer incidence rate changes before (1995 to 2002) and after (2003 to 2008) the WHI report. Results Among women age ≥ 50 years, age-standardized ovarian cancer incidence declined by 0.8% per year (95% CI, −1.8% to −0.5% per year) before the WHI announcement; after the WHI report, the rate declined by 2.4% per year (95% CI, −2.5% to −2.2% per year). APC models confirmed an accelerated decline in ovarian cancer incidence after the WHI report, adjusted for age and birth cohort effects. This sudden change was notable among women most likely to have used MHT (ie, women age 50 to 69 years, white women, and residents of regions with highest MHT prescription frequency). The largest changes were found for the endometrioid histologic subtype. Conclusion After a marked reduction in MHT use around 2002, ovarian cancer incidence rates demonstrated an accelerated decline, with the largest changes for endometrioid carcinomas. This strong temporal association, although not proving a causal role of hormones in ovarian carcinogenesis, suggests that future analytic research supporting cancer control efforts should clarify the role of hormonal exposures on the development and behavior of subtypes of ovarian cancer.

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