Cancer Rates After Year 2000 Significantly Decrease in Children With Perinatal HIV Infection: A Study by the Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children

Purpose To evaluate the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on cancer incidence in HIV-infected children throughout a 20-year period. Patients and Methods An observational population study was conducted on 1,190 perinatally HIV-infected children enrolled onto the Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children from 1985 to 2004 and never lost to follow-up (total observation time, 10,037.66 years). Cancer rates were calculated in the pre-HAART (1985 to 1995), early HAART (1996 to 1999), and late HAART (2000 to 2004) periods and compared using Poisson regression adjusted for age. The proportion of HAART-treated children increased from 4.1% in 1996 to 60.4% in 1999 and to 81.5% in 2004. In the same time frame, the proportion of children receiving HAART for at least 2 years increased from 3.1% to 77.0%. Results Overall, 35 cancers occurred. Cancer rates were 4.49 (95% CI, 2.37 to 6.64), 4.09 (95% CI, 1.68 to 6.50), and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.00 to 1.80) per 1,000 children per year in 1985 to 1995, 1996 to 1999, and 2000 to 2004, respectively. Notably, there was no significant difference comparing the periods from 1985 to 1995 and 1996 to 1999 (P = .081). By contrast, cancer rates were significantly lower in the period from 2000 to 2004 than in 1996 to 1999 (P < .0001). Results were confirmed by separately analyzing data from children observed from birth (P = .418 for 1985 to 1995 v 1996 to 1999; P = .001 for 1996 to 1999 v 2000 to 2004). Conclusion Dramatically reduced cancer rates were observed only in the late HAART period in parallel to the increasing proportion of children receiving HAART therapy.

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The effects of introducing the Amazonian squirrel monkey on the behavior of the northeast marmoset

Acta Amazonica ◽

10.1590/1809-4392201400305 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 29-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Fátima Luciana Miranda CAMAROTTI ◽

Valdir Luna da SILVA ◽

Maria Adélia Borstelmann de OLIVEIRA

Keyword(s):

Squirrel Monkey ◽

Native Species ◽

Callithrix Jacchus ◽

Observation Time ◽

Saimiri Sciureus ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Total Observation Time ◽

Total Observation ◽

The Impact

The squirrel monkey Saimiri sciureus, an endemic primate of the Amazonian Basin, has been introduced in many localities of the Atlantic Forest biome. Introduced exotic species gain a competitive advantage in their new environment because of a lack of natural predators, competitors or diseases. This advantage can result in a reduction in the resources for the endemic species. The aims of this work were to evaluate the level of adaptation, and monitor the forms of interaction and the impact caused by S. sciureus on the behavior of the native species Callithrix jacchus in the Saltinho Biological Reserve, Tamandaré, Pernambuco, Brazil. The behavior was assessed by use of scan sampling method, every 5 min. A total of 382 h (191 h or 2,292 scans per group) of time sampling was performed. Sixteen interactions were recorded. The interaction index was low and represented 2.4% of the total observation time. Interactions were significantly higher during the dry season (58.5%) relative to the rainy season (41.5%). Callithrix jacchus was intolerant to the presence of S. sciureus and the last one was more tolerant during the interactions. In the presence of S. sciureus, C. jacchus eating, foraging, resting, socializing, and self-grooming behaviors were reduced while alertness was increased. Territorial behavior showed no significant difference. In the presence of S. sciureus, on average, the group of marmosets assembled at a higher layer of the forest stratum. The results might indicate a negative effect of S. sciureus on the native species, C. jacchus.

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Socioeconomic Differences in the Impact of HIV Infection on Workforce Participation in France in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

American Journal of Public Health ◽

10.2105/ajph.2005.081083 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 97 (3) ◽

pp. 552-558 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Rosemary Dray-Spira ◽

Alice Gueguen ◽

Jean-François Ravaud ◽

France Lert

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Socioeconomic Differences ◽

Workforce Participation ◽

Highly Active ◽

The Impact

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Nocardia FarcinicaLung Abscess Presenting in the Context of Advanced HIV Infection: Spontaneous Resolution in Response to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Alone

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2009/181750 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. e103-e106 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Arienne S King ◽

Jose G Castro ◽

Gordon CK Dow

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Opportunistic Pathogen ◽

Cd4 Cell Count ◽

Highly Active ◽

Metastatic Infection ◽

History Of ◽

Cd4 Cell ◽

The Impact

A 43-year-old man, known to be HIV-positive, presented with a six-week history of symptoms including cough, hemoptysis, anterior chest pain, fever and wasting. His CD4 cell count was 46 cells/μL, and his chest x-ray showed a cavitating lesion in the left upper lobe. Sputum culture was positive forNocardia farcinica. His infection resolved following initiation of antiretroviral therapy.Nocardiais an uncommon opportunistic pathogen in patients with HIV infection and is usually associated with advanced CD4 depletion, cavitary pneumonia, metastatic infection and high mortality. The impact of antiretroviral therapy onNocardiainfection in the setting of HIV has not been clearly elucidated. The current report is the first to present a case in which a complete clinical cure ofNocardiapneumonia has been documented, primarily in response to highly active antiretroviral therapy alone.

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Liver disease, HIV and aging

Sexual Health ◽

10.1071/sh10163 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 512 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Oluwaseun Falade-Nwulia ◽

Chloe L. Thio

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Future Research ◽

Hiv Replication ◽

Highly Active ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

The Impact ◽

Hiv Negative

The life expectancy of HIV-infected patients has increased due to the efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in controlling HIV replication; thus, the population living with HIV infection is steadily aging. Liver-related morbidity and mortality has emerged as a leading problem in HIV-infected patients. Since aging, HIV infection and HAART all affect the liver, understanding the impact of the combination of these factors on liver disease is crucial for optimisation of care in the aging HIV-infected population. This review will focus on the current understanding of liver disease in older (>50 years old) HIV-negative individuals and in HIV-infected individuals. Areas for future research in the area of HIV, liver disease and aging will also be discussed.

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Impact of HIV infection and smoking on lung immunity and related disorders

European Respiratory Journal ◽

10.1183/13993003.00353-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 1781-1795 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Theresa M. Rossouw ◽

Ronald Anderson ◽

Charles Feldman

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Opportunistic Infections ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Adverse Health Effects ◽

Highly Active ◽

Life Years ◽

Primary Focus ◽

The Impact

HIV-infected persons not only have higher rates of smoking than the general population, but are also unusually vulnerable to the associated adverse health effects, both infective and noninfective in origin. Indeed, in the setting of well-organised care and availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy, HIV-infected smokers lose more life-years to smoking than to HIV infection per se, presenting a major challenge to healthcare providers. Not surprisingly, the respiratory system is particularly susceptible to the damaging interactive chronic inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of HIV and smoking, intensifying the risk of the development of opportunistic infections, as well as lung cancer and obstructive lung disorders. The impact of smoking on the immunopathogenesis and frequencies of these respiratory conditions in the setting of HIV infection, as well as on the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy, represent the primary focus of this review.

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Mother to child human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission: what HIV-infected women think. Our experience in Rome, Italy

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1258/095646202760159675 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 551-553

Author(s):

E Visconti ◽

Lucia Pastore Celentano ◽

Salvatore Marinaci ◽

Giancarlo Scoppettuolo ◽

Enrica Tamburrini

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Hiv Transmission ◽

Childbearing Age ◽

Highly Active ◽

Perinatal Hiv ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Risk Rate ◽

Mother To Child

Objectives: To investigate the knowledge of the risk of HIV vertical transmission as well as the feeling about the new therapy in reducing that rate. Methods: We included 152 HIV-infected women. A self reported questionnaire was administered from September to December 2000. Results: About the risk rate of transmitting HIV to their baby, 21 (13.8%) women indicated 100%; 67 (44.1%) 50-80%; 35 (23%) 10-50% and only 22 women (14.5%) answered the correct value of less than 5%. Regarding the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy, 82 women (53.9%) considered therapy effective in reducing vertical HIV transmission, while 63 women (41.4%) considered therapy powerless in preventing mother to child HIV transmission. Any statistically significant difference in sociodemographic, clinical, viroimmunological characteristics and antiretroviral therapy emerged between the groups. Conclusions: Our data highlight the importance of providing appropriate counselling about perinatal HIV transmission to all childbearing age HIV infected women.

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