Capecitabine combined with oxaliplatin (XELOX) as first-line chemotherapy in colorectal cancer with liver metastases

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15146-e15146
Author(s):  
H. Mahfouf ◽  
H. Djeddi ◽  
S. Belhadef ◽  
K. Bouzid ◽  
K. Bentabak

e15146 Background: The combination of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), leucovorin (LV), and oxaliplatin (I-OHP) was shown to be both more active against metastatic colorectal carcinoma and better tolerated. Methods: Chemotherapy-naive patients confirmed histologic colorectal cancer with liver metastases, adequate born morrow, renal and hepatic function, measurable diseases were considered eligible for the study. Treatment: Six cycles of oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 day1 plus capecitabine 1250 mg/m2 twice daily days 1–14 every 21 days Results: Twenty six patients were evaluated for safety and efficacy (male/female, 12/14). Median age was 53 years (range 32–75 years). A total of 142 cycles have been administered: median per patient 4 (range 3–6 courses). In an intent-to-treat efficacy analysis, One complete and ten partial responses were achieved [overall objective response rate (ORR): 42, 3%; whereas 7 patients had stable disease and eight patients had progressive disease. Seven patients from 11 with objective response underwent major liver resection: 2 bisegmentectomy, 1 left lobectomy, 4 segmentectomy, and receive the same regimen of chemotherapy (Six cycles) as an adjuvant treatment and still alive without recurrence. The overall survival (OS) was 19, 2 months. The median response duration was 7 months. The median time to progression (TTP) was 8 months. The grade 3 toxicities were diarrhea (7%), fatigue (4%), neurotoxicity (2%), neutropenia (2%), and thrombocytopenia 4%). Conclusions: The combination of oxaliplatin and capecitabine is safe and has a promising activity in patients with liver metastatic colorectal carcinoma. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziz Karaoğrlu ◽  
Suayib Yalcin ◽  
Gülten Tekuzman ◽  
Ayse Kars ◽  
Ismail Çelik ◽  
...  

Aims and background We evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of weekly irinotecan as a second-line treatment in patients with colorectal cancer failing 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy and searched for predictive and prognostic factors. Methods A total of 36 patients were included. Median age was 53 years (range, 33-72). One treatment cycle consisted of irinotecan, 100 mg/m2 weekly, for 4 weeks followed by a 2-week rest. Gender, age, primary site, number of metastatic sites, histologic subtype, differentiation, pretreatment CEA, CA 19-9 and lactate dehydrogenase levels and marker response to treatment were investigated as predictive factors for response to treatment and as prognostic factors in the overall survival and time to progression of the patients. Results A total of 120 cycles (median, 3 cycles) was delivered. An overall 14% objective response rate (1 complete and 4 partial responses) was achieved. The median response duration was 4 months (range, 2-7). Another 36% of the patients had stable disease for a median duration of 4 months (range, 2-8). Median time-to-disease progression was 4 months and overall median survival was 12 months (95% confidence interval, 9-15). Pretreatment serum CA 19-9 level and marker response to two courses of treatment were found to be clinically significant in time to progression and overall survival. Younger age (≤45 years) was a poor prognostic factor associated with a shorter time to progression. The major toxicity was grade 3-4 diarrhea, which occurred in 28% of the patients, and treatment was discontinued in 3 (8%) patients due to toxicity. Other hematological and non-hematological toxicities were mild and manageable. Conclusions We concluded that weekly irinotecan at the dose of 100 mg/m2 is an effective and tolerable treatment option, with a 50% disease control rate, for patients with colorectal cancer failing previous 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy.


1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 2910-2919 ◽  
Author(s):  
H C Pitot ◽  
D B Wender ◽  
M J O'Connell ◽  
G Schroeder ◽  
R M Goldberg ◽  
...  

PURPOSE To evaluate the objective tumor response rate and toxicities of patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma treated with irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11). PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 121 patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma--90 with prior fluorouracil (5-FU) exposure and 31 chemotherapeutically naive patients--were enrolled between May 1993 and June 1994. Patients were treated with CPT-11 at 125 mg/m2 intravenously weekly for 4 weeks followed by a 2-week rest. RESULTS Among 90 patients with prior 5-FU chemotherapy, 12 partial responses were observed (response rate, 13.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.1% to 22.1%). Among 31 chemotherapy-naive patients, eight had partial responses (response rate, 25.8%; 95% CI, 11.9% to 44.6%). The median response duration as measured from time of initial treatment for the two groups was 7.7 months and 7.6 months, respectively. The major adverse reactions were gastrointestinal and hematologic. The incidence of grade 3 or 4 diarrhea was 36.4%, while the overall incidence of grade 3 or 4 leukopenia was 21.5% of patients. Only four of 121 patients (3.3%) developed neutropenic fever (grade 4 neutropenia with > or = grade 2 fever). The incidence of grade 4 leukopenia was higher in patients with prior pelvic radiotherapy (chi2 test P = .04), while the incidence of grade 3 or 4 diarrhea demonstrated no association with previous pelvic irradiation. CONCLUSION According to the study design, CPT-11 showed promising activity in chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma and modest activity in patients with prior 5-FU exposure. The toxicity with this schedule appears manageable with appropriate dose modification for individual patient tolerance and an intensive loperamide regimen for the management of diarrhea. Care should be taken when treating patients with prior pelvic radiotherapy because of the increased risk of neutropenia.


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15585-e15585
Author(s):  
Kaili Yang ◽  
Lu Han ◽  
Yun-Bo Zhao ◽  
Yang Ge ◽  
Qin LI ◽  
...  

e15585 Background: A previous phase 1b trial has shown encouraging efficacy of regorafenib plus nivolumab in patients with microsatellite stable/mismatch repair proficient (MSS/pMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this regimen in Chinese patients in the real world. Methods: We retrospectively identified patients with MSS/pMMR mCRC who received at least one dose of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors plus regorafenib from 5/2019 to 2/2021 in 10 Chinese medical centers. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR) and the safety. Results: Fifty-two patients were identified. Liver metastases were presented in 35 patients (67%). A total of 48 patients (92%) received regorafenib plus a PD-1 inhibitor as the third or later line treatment. At the data cut-off, 11 patients (21%) were still on treatment. Other patients terminated treatment because of progressive disease (45%), treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) (14%) or treatment-unrelated deaths (6%). The median treatment cycle was 3 (range, 1-18). At a median follow-up of 4.9 months, the median OS was 17.3 months (95% CI, 10.2-NR) and the median PFS was 3.1 months (95%CI, 2.5-6.0). Baseline liver metastases were associated with inferior PFS (2.7 versus 6.3 months, p <0.05), but not OS (17.3 months versus NR, p =0.6). Among 38 patients evaluable for response, two patients (5%) achieved partial response, and 17 patients (45%) experienced stable disease as the best response. The DCR was 50% (95%CI, 5.0-NR) and was similar among different PD-1 inhibitors (Table). TRAEs were observed in 30 patients (58%). Fatigue (21%), hand-foot syndrome (19%) and rash (13%) were the most common TRAEs. Eight patients (15%) experienced grade 3-4 TRAEs, including rash (n=3), hand-foot syndrome (n=2), hypertension (n=1), myocardial enzyme elevation (n=1) and visual field loss (n=1). No treatment-related death occurred. Conclusions: The combination of regorafenib plus PD-1 inhibitors was generally tolerated and exhibited potential benefit in terms of OS and DCR. The presence of baseline liver metastases was predictive for shorter PFS but requires further investigation. Disease control rate of different PD-1 inhibitors.[Table: see text]


2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-168
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Meshcheryakov

The review analyzed data from the literature and personal experience of the application of anti-angiogenic therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer. There are presented practical advices on prevention and treatment of the most common side effects of anti-angiogenic therapy.


2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 616-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoni Ribas ◽  
Richard Kefford ◽  
Margaret A. Marshall ◽  
Cornelis J.A. Punt ◽  
John B. Haanen ◽  
...  

PurposeIn phase I/II trials, the cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated antigen-4–blocking monoclonal antibody tremelimumab induced durable responses in a subset of patients with advanced melanoma. This phase III study evaluated overall survival (OS) and other safety and efficacy end points in patients with advanced melanoma treated with tremelimumab or standard-of-care chemotherapy.Patients and MethodsPatients with treatment-naive, unresectable stage IIIc or IV melanoma were randomly assigned at a ratio of one to one to tremelimumab (15 mg/kg once every 90 days) or physician's choice of standard-of-care chemotherapy (temozolomide or dacarbazine).ResultsIn all, 655 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned. The test statistic crossed the prespecified futility boundary at second interim analysis after 340 deaths, but survival follow-up continued. At final analysis with 534 events, median OS by intent to treat was 12.6 months (95% CI, 10.8 to 14.3) for tremelimumab and 10.7 months (95% CI, 9.36 to 11.96) for chemotherapy (hazard ratio, 0.88; P = .127). Objective response rates were similar in the two arms: 10.7% in the tremelimumab arm and 9.8% in the chemotherapy arm. However, response duration (measured from date of random assignment) was significantly longer after tremelimumab (35.8 v 13.7 months; P = .0011). Diarrhea, pruritus, and rash were the most common treatment-related adverse events in the tremelimumab arm; 7.4% had endocrine toxicities. Seven deaths in the tremelimumab arm and one in the chemotherapy arm were considered treatment related by either investigators or sponsor.ConclusionThis study failed to demonstrate a statistically significant survival advantage of treatment with tremelimumab over standard-of-care chemotherapy in first-line treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma.


1990 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1504-1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
W J Hrushesky ◽  
R von Roemeling ◽  
R M Lanning ◽  
J T Rabatin

Sixty-eight unselected patients with progressive metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were treated between March 1985 and November 1988 with continuous infusion floxuridine (FUDR). Thirty-seven percent of these patients had previously received and failed systemic treatment. Using implantable pumps for automatic drug delivery, FUDR was continuously infused for 14 days at monthly intervals. The starting dose was 0.15 mg/kg/d (intravenous [IV]; n = 61) or 0.25 mg/kg/d (intraarterial [IA]; n = 7); IV doses were increased or decreased in increments of 0.025 mg/kg/d as permitted by toxicity. Diarrhea (with or without mild abdominal cramping) and nausea/vomiting limited the FUDR IV infusion, and hepatic function abnormalities limited FUDR IA infusion. The use of a circadian-modified infusion schedule permitted high FUDR doses to be safely given as compared with a constant rate infusion schedule. Of 63 patients assessable for response, 56 received systemic FUDR infusion. Four complete responses (CRs; 7.1%); and seven partial responses (PRs; 12.5%) were observed (objective response rate, CR plus PR, 19.6 +/- 5.1% [95% confidence limits] ). The median objective response duration was 10.8 months (range, 1 to 18 months; mean, 9.4 +/- 1.6). Four additional patients had minor tumor responses (MRs; 7.1%). In a subgroup of seven assessable patients receiving hepatic arterial FUDR, we observed one CR and three PRs (57.2 +/- 42.8%). Overall, objective response (CR plus PR) was seen in a quarter of assessable patients treated, 15 of 63, while only 15 of the 63 assessable patients (25.4%) have had objective tumor progression. The median follow-up time for all 68 patients was 28 months (range, 1 to 42), and their median survival duration is 15 months (range, 3 to 37 months). Continuous infusion FUDR is an effective outpatient treatment for progressive metastatic RCC, producing durable tumor response and causing little toxicity.


1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Conti ◽  
N E Kemeny ◽  
L B Saltz ◽  
Y Huang ◽  
W P Tong ◽  
...  

PURPOSE To determine the response rate, survival, and toxicity of the new anticancer agent, irinotecan (CPT-11), in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-one chemotherapy-naive patients with measurable metastatic colorectal cancer were treated with a 90-minute infusion of irinotecan 125 mg/m2 administered weekly for 4 weeks every 6 weeks. Pretreatment tumor biopsies to assess topoisomerase-I (Topo-I) activity were obtained from 11 patients. The pharmacokinetics for irinotecan and its active metabolite, SN-38, were determined in 18 patients. RESULTS Thirteen of 41 patients (32%) had a partial response (PR; 95% confidence interval, 18% to 46%). The median response duration was 8.1 months (range, 4.0 to 16.0) and the median survival time was 12.1 months (range, 2.1 to 21.7) for all 41 patients. Grade 3 or 4 toxicities were diarrhea (29% of patients) and neutropenia (22% of patients). Grade 3 or 4 diarrhea was substantially more prevalent in the initial 18 patients on study, with an incidence rate of 56%; a significant reduction in the incidence of severe diarrhea to 9% was noted with strict adherence to an antidiarrheal regimen of loperamide and diphenyldramine. No correlations were seen between pharmacokinetics of irinotecan/SN-38 and the clinical parameters of response, survival, or incidence of diarrhea. CONCLUSIONS Irinotecan has activity in the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Strict adherence to an antidiarrheal regimen of diphenhydramine/loperamide significantly reduced the incidence of diarrhea; the agent was thereafter well tolerated in the majority of patients.


2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2404-2412 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sitki Copur ◽  
Mary Capadano ◽  
James Lynch ◽  
Timothy Goertzen ◽  
Timothy McCowan ◽  
...  

PURPOSE: To evaluate the objective response to a short course of hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) using temporary, percutaneously placed catheters alternating with systemic prolonged continuous infusion fluorouracil (ci 5-FU) and daily oral leucovorin (L). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eligible patients were previously untreated (except for adjuvant therapy) adults with liver-predominant metastases, with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 to 2. Treatment regimen included HAI with fluorodeoxyuridine (FUDR) 60 mg/m2/d and L 15 mg/m2/d continuously infused daily for 4 days. After a 1-week rest, ci 5-FU was administered through a central venous access device using a dose of 180 mg/m2/d with a fixed dose of oral L at 5 mg/m2/d for 21 out of 28 days. Cycles were repeated every 6 weeks. After four cycles of therapy, patients were maintained on ci 5-FU and daily oral L until evidence of progression. RESULTS: Forty-three patients were enrolled onto this trial. One patient was ineligible. The objective response rate for all patients (17 partial, zero complete) was 41% (95% confidence interval [CI], 26% to 56%). Five patients were not able to receive at least one complete cycle of HAI. Among patients who received at least one complete cycle of HAI, the response rate was 46% (95% CI, 30% to 62%). Five patients underwent a liver resection after enrolling onto the protocol. At the time of analysis, estimated median time to progression was 6 months, and estimated median overall survival was 13 months. CONCLUSION: The objective response rate was comparable to that achieved with more prolonged and more frequent HAI using FUDR. This approach should be studied as an acceptable alternative to surgically placed hepatic arterial catheters/pumps and may have a role as neoadjuvant therapy for liver metastases that are unresectable, as well as an adjuvant role for patients with resected hepatic metastatic colorectal cancer.


1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2879-2885 ◽  
Author(s):  
P M Ravdin ◽  
H A Burris ◽  
G Cook ◽  
P Eisenberg ◽  
M Kane ◽  
...  

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of docetaxel in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) resistant to doxorubicin or mitoxantrone. PATIENTS AND METHODS Docetaxel 100 mg/m2 was administered as a 1-hour intravenous (IV) infusion every 3 weeks to 42 patients registered at four centers. Patients must have received at least one but no more than two prior chemotherapy regimens for MBC (in addition to any prior adjuvant therapy). One of the regimens for metastatic breast cancer must have included an anthracycline or anthracenedione and the cancer must have progressed on that regimen. RESULTS Objective responses were seen in 20 of 35 assessable patients (three complete responses [CRs] and 17 partial responses [PRs]), for an objective response rate of 57% (95% confidence interval [CI], 39% to 74%) and in 21 of 42 registered patients (50% response rate [RR]; 95% CI, 34% to 66%) entered onto the trial. The median response duration was 28 weeks. The most common toxicity in this study was grade 4 neutropenia, which occurred in 95% of patients. Other clinically significant nonhematologic side effects included stomatitis, skin reactions, neurosensory changes, asthenia, and fluid retention. Patients who received dexamethasone premedication had a later onset of fluid retention than those who did not receive dexamethasone (onset at a median cumulative docetaxel dose of 503 mg/m2 and 291 mg/m2, respectively). CONCLUSION Docetaxel at this dose and schedule has a high level of antitumor activity in patients with treatment-refractory advanced breast cancer, and appears to be one of the most active agents for the treatment of this patient population.


2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1020-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne L. Topalian ◽  
Mario Sznol ◽  
David F. McDermott ◽  
Harriet M. Kluger ◽  
Richard D. Carvajal ◽  
...  

PurposeProgrammed cell death 1 (PD-1) is an inhibitory receptor expressed by activated T cells that downmodulates effector functions and limits the generation of immune memory. PD-1 blockade can mediate tumor regression in a substantial proportion of patients with melanoma, but it is not known whether this is associated with extended survival or maintenance of response after treatment is discontinued.Patients and MethodsPatients with advanced melanoma (N = 107) enrolled between 2008 and 2012 received intravenous nivolumab in an outpatient setting every 2 weeks for up to 96 weeks and were observed for overall survival, long-term safety, and response duration after treatment discontinuation.ResultsMedian overall survival in nivolumab-treated patients (62% with two to five prior systemic therapies) was 16.8 months, and 1- and 2-year survival rates were 62% and 43%, respectively. Among 33 patients with objective tumor regressions (31%), the Kaplan-Meier estimated median response duration was 2 years. Seventeen patients discontinued therapy for reasons other than disease progression, and 12 (71%) of 17 maintained responses off-therapy for at least 16 weeks (range, 16 to 56+ weeks). Objective response and toxicity rates were similar to those reported previously; in an extended analysis of all 306 patients treated on this trial (including those with other cancer types), exposure-adjusted toxicity rates were not cumulative.ConclusionOverall survival following nivolumab treatment in patients with advanced treatment–refractory melanoma compares favorably with that in literature studies of similar patient populations. Responses were durable and persisted after drug discontinuation. Long-term safety was acceptable. Ongoing randomized clinical trials will further assess the impact of nivolumab therapy on overall survival in patients with metastatic melanoma.


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