scholarly journals Changes in Clinical Context for Kaposi's Sarcoma and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Among People With HIV Infection in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (27) ◽  
pp. 3276-3283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth L. Yanik ◽  
Chad J. Achenbach ◽  
Satish Gopal ◽  
Anna E. Coghill ◽  
Stephen R. Cole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The biology of HIV-associated cancers may differ depending on immunologic and virologic context during development. Therefore, an understanding of the burden of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) relative to antiretroviral therapy (ART), virologic suppression, and CD4 count is important. Patients and Methods KS and NHL diagnoses during 1996 to 2011 were identified among patients with HIV infection in eight clinical cohorts in the United States. Among patients in routine HIV clinical care, the proportion of cases in categories of ART use, HIV RNA, and CD4 count at diagnosis were described across calendar time. Person-time and incidence rates were calculated for each category. Results We identified 466 patients with KS and 258 with NHL. In recent years, KS was more frequently diagnosed after ART initiation (55% in 1996 to 2001 v 76% in 2007 to 2011; P-trend = .02). The proportion of patients with NHL who received ART was higher but stable over time (83% overall; P-trend = .81). An increasing proportion of KS and NHL occurred at higher CD4 counts (P < .05 for KS and NHL) and with undetectable HIV RNA (P < .05 for KS and NHL). In recent years, more person-time was contributed by patients who received ART, had high CD4 counts and had undetectable HIV RNA, whereas incidence rates in these same categories remained stable or declined. Conclusion Over time, KS and NHL occurred at higher CD4 counts and lower HIV RNA values, and KS occurred more frequently after ART initiation. These changes were driven by an increasing proportion of patients with HIV who received effective ART, had higher CD4 counts, and had suppressed HIV RNA and not by increases in cancer risk within these subgroups. An improved understanding of HIV-associated cancer pathogenesis and outcomes in the context of successful ART is therefore important.

scholarly journals Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in the Middle East Is Characterized by Low Incidence Rates With Advancing Age

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Rafil T. Yaqo ◽  
Sana D. Jalal ◽  
Kharaman J. Ghafour ◽  
Hemin A. Hassan ◽  
Michael D. Hughson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma

PURPOSE In the Middle East, incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) to Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are more than 50% lower than the United States. MATERIALS AND METHODS Age-specific incidence rates (ASIRs), age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIRs), and IRRs of NHL:HL were compared using the cancer registries of Iraq, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and US SEER. RESULTS The NHL AAIR (95% CI) per 100,000 population was 4.4 (4.1 to 4.7) for Iraq, 5.4 (4.6 to 6.2) for Jordan, 4.7 (4.4 to 5.1) for Saudi Arabia, and 13.2 (13.0 to 13.4) for the United States. The HL AAIR was 1.8 (1.6 to 2.0) for Iraq, 1.8 (1.4 to 2.2) for Jordan, 2.1 (1.9 to 2.2) for Saudi Arabia, and 2.3 (2.2 to 2.4) for the United States, with respective NHL:HL IRR of 2.4 (2.2 to 2.7), 3.0 (2.4 to 3.8), 2.2 (2.0 to 2.5), and 5.7 (5.5 to 6.0). NHL ASIRs for the Middle East and the United States were similar until 30 to 39 years of age. Thereafter, ASIR of NHL peaked at 20 to 33 per 100,000 at age 70 years in the Middle East regions, all much lower than the US age 70 years rate of greater than 100 per 100,000. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) represented 52% of NHL in Sulaimaniyah Province of Iraq and 51% of NHL in Saudi Arabia. Both regions had AAIR for DLBCL less than 42% of DLBCL in US SEER. Pediatric Epstein-Barr virus–related Burkitt’s lymphoma at 8% was the second most frequent NHL in Sulaimaniyah but made little contribution to overall NHL rates. CONCLUSION The incidence of HL was slightly lower than in the United States, but it was the markedly lower rates of adult NHL with advancing age, including the predominant DLBCL, that accounted for the low NHL:HL IRR in these Middle Eastern countries.

scholarly journals Current Understanding of Lifestyle and Environmental Factors and Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: An Epidemiological Update

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan A. Bassig ◽  
Qing Lan ◽  
Nathaniel Rothman ◽  
Yawei Zhang ◽  
Tongzhang Zheng
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
International Workshop ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
The United States ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma

The incidence rates of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) have steadily increased over the last several decades in the United States, and the temporal trends in incidence can only be partially explained by the HIV epidemic. In 1992, an international workshop sponsored by the United States National Cancer Institute concluded that there was an “emerging epidemic” of NHL and emphasized the need to investigate the factors responsible for the increasing incidence of this disease. Over the past two decades, numerous epidemiological studies have examined the risk factors for NHL, particularly for putative environmental and lifestyle risk factors, and international consortia have been established in order to investigate rare exposures and NHL subtype-specific associations. While few consistent risk factors for NHL aside from immunosuppression and certain infectious agents have emerged, suggestive associations with several lifestyle and environmental factors have been reported in epidemiologic studies. Further, increasing evidence has suggested that the effects of these and other exposures may be limited to or stronger for particular NHL subtypes. This paper examines the progress that has been made over the last twenty years in elucidating the etiology of NHL, with a primary emphasis on lifestyle factors and environmental exposures.

Abstract 5501: The non-Hodgkin lymphoma epidemic in the United States: Recent trends in the absence of HIV-related cases

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith S. Shiels ◽  
Eric A. Engels ◽  
Christina Clarke ◽  
H. Irene Hall ◽  
Patricia Hartge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
The United States ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Recent Trends

Has survival improved for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the United States?

2005 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jivianne T. Lee ◽  
Clifford Y. Ko
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
World Health ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Favorable Histology ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Over Time

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiologic patterns and survival rates for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma over the last three decades. METHODS: The National Cancer Institute (NCI) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program tumor registries were used to identify patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the United States from 1973 to 1999. Incidence and survival rates for each decade were then determined according to age, gender, race, histological type, and stage using the SEER statistical program. RESULTS: From 1973 to 1999, 4680 cases of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the United States were sampled by the NCI/SEER database. Overall incidence rates for each decade essentially remained unchanged over time (0.7/100,000). Asians exhibited the highest incidence rates (3.0–4.2), followed by blacks (0.7–1.1) and then whites (0.4–0.7). In contrast, survival rates have gradually improved over time for all stages and histological types (35.7% 5-year survival in the 1970s vs. 44.1% in the 1980, and 51% in the 1990s). With respect to race, Asians demonstrated the best 5-year survival rate (62.9%) followed by whites (42.6%) and then blacks (36.2%). However, this may be due to histology, because Asians were also found to have a greater proportion of World Health Organization (WHO) type III cases (27.6%) in comparison to the other 2 groups (22.4% for blacks and 15% for whites). CONCLUSIONS: Although the incidence rates of nasopharyngeal carcinoma have remained essentially unchanged in the United States in the last 3 decades, survival rates for each stage and histological subtype have exhibited considerable improvement over time. The higher survival rates in Asians may be partially attributed to the more favorable histology (type III) often seen in this group. EBM rating: B-3.

scholarly journals Contribution of solid organ transplant recipients to the pediatric non-hodgkin lymphoma burden in the United States

Cancer ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 123 (23) ◽  
pp. 4663-4671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth L. Yanik ◽  
Meredith S. Shiels ◽  
Jodi M. Smith ◽  
Christina A. Clarke ◽  
Charles F. Lynch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
The United States ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Organ Transplant Recipients ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

scholarly journals Case-Control Study of Simian Virus 40 and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in the United States

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (18) ◽  
pp. 1368-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Engels ◽  
R. P. Viscidi ◽  
D. A. Galloway ◽  
J. J. Carter ◽  
J. R. Cerhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Simian Virus 40 ◽  
The United States ◽  
Simian Virus ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Factors associated with measles resurgence in the United States in the post-elimination era

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Akem Dimala ◽  
Benjamin Momo Kadia ◽  
Miriam Aiwokeh Mbong Nji ◽  
Ndemazie Nkafu Bechem
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Median Percentage ◽  
The Us ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThere have been growing concerns of a potential re-establishment of measles transmission in the United States (US) in the years to come. This study aims to explore potential factors underlying the resurgence of measles in the US by objectively assessing the associations between annual incidence rates (AIR), case importation, vaccination status and disease outbreaks. Data on measles transmission between January 1st, 2001 and December 31st, 2019 were obtained from the national centres for disease control and prevention (CDC) surveillance databases and other published reports. Changes in incidence rates over time were assessed by binomial regression models. Of the 3874 cases of measles in the US over the study period, 3506 (90.5%, 95% CI: 89.5–91.4) occurred in US residents. The AIR per million population in US residents over this period was 0.60 (95% CI: 0.59–0.61), with an overall significant increase over time (p = 0.011). The median percentage of imported and vaccinated cases were 36% [17.9–46.6] and 15% [12.1–23.2] respectively. There was a significant decrease in the percentage of imported cases (p < 0.001) but not of vaccinated cases (p = 0.159) over time. There was a moderate and weak negative correlation between the AIR and the percentage of imported and vaccinated cases respectively (r = –0.59 and r = –0.27 respectively). On multiple linear regression there was a significant linear association between the AIR and the number of outbreaks (p = 0.003) but not with the percentage of imported cases (p = 0.436) and vaccinated cases (p = 0.692), R2 = 0.73. Strong negative and positive correlations were seen between the number of outbreaks and the percentage of imported cases (r = –0.61) and the of number states affected (r = 0.88) respectively. Despite the overall reduction in the percentage of imported cases of measles over the past two decades, pockets of internal transmission of the disease following importation via increasing number of outbreaks in unvaccinated subpopulations, reinforced by vaccine hesitancy, account for the sustained increase in measles incidence rates in the US. Controlling indigenous transmission through efficient vaccination coverage in at-risk subpopulations and among international US travellers, improved disease surveillance and rapid outbreak containment are essential in curbing the measles resurgence.

Influence of morphology on survival for non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Europe and the United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Sant ◽  
Claudia Allemani ◽  
Roberta De Angelis ◽  
Antonino Carbone ◽  
Silvia de SanJosè ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
The United States ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma
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