A case study on the effects of anchor drilling in soft, low sensitive clay and sandy, silty soils

2021 ◽  
pp. 647-655
Author(s):  
T. Sandene ◽  
S. Ritter ◽  
E.J. Lande
Keyword(s):  
Sensitive Clay ◽  
Silty Soils

Nouvelle Autoroute 30: a Champlain clay crust earthworks case study

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Barker ◽  
Alan Phear ◽  
François Côté ◽  
David Garcia Cueto
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Optimum Moisture Content ◽  
Value Engineering ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Crust Layer ◽  
Engineering Problems ◽  
Sensitive Clay ◽  
High Road ◽  
St Lawrence River

The Champlain Sea Basin in eastern Canada is known for its sensitive clay and associated engineering problems through this much-developed area along the St Lawrence River. Geologically, the surface of the Champlain clay has been subjected to desiccation, frost action, and weathering. This has resulted in the reduction of the water content and sensitivity of the surficial crust layer of this very wet clay deposit sufficiently to enable it to be used as an earthworks material. However, the material is still much wetter than its optimum moisture content. By co-operative value engineering, the team on the Nouvelle Autoroute 30 project in Montréal, Quebec, investigated and achieved moisture content and degree of compaction derogations to the Ministry of Transport, Quebec specification. This allowed the successful construction of many low and high road embankments using an unprecedented 2.3 × 106 m3 of this weathered Champlain clay crust material. This paper describes how the design and construction issues associated with using this material for earthworks were evaluated and addressed.

scholarly journals A case study and implication: particle finite element modelling of the 2010 Saint-Jude sensitive clay landslide

Landslides ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1117-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Zhang ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Kristian Krabbenhoft ◽  
Stefano Tinti
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Slope Failure ◽  
Strain Softening ◽  
Failure Process ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Strength Reduction ◽  
Particle Finite Element Method ◽  
Computational Framework ◽  
Sensitive Clay

AbstractModelling of landslides in sensitive clays has long been recognised as a challenge. The strength reduction of sensitive clays when undergoing plastic deformation makes the failure proceed in a progressive manner such that a small slope failure may lead to a series of retrogressive failures and thus to an unexpected catastrophic landslide. The clay in the entire process may mimic both solid-like (when it is intact) and fluid-like (when fully remoulded, especially for quick clays) behaviours. Thereby, a successful numerical prediction of landslides in sensitive clays requires not only a robust numerical approach capable of handling extreme material deformation but also a sophisticated constitutive model to describe the complex clay behaviour. In this paper, the particle finite element method (PFEM) associated with an elastoviscoplastic model with strain softening is adopted for the reconstruction of the 2010 Saint-Jude landslide, Quebec, Canada, and detailed comparisons between the simulation results and available data are carried out. It is shown that the present computational framework is capable of quantitatively reproducing the multiple rotational retrogressive failure process, the final run-out distance and the retrogression distance of the Saint-Jude landslide. Furthermore, the failure mechanism and the kinematics of the Saint-Jude landslide and the influence of the clay viscosity are investigated numerically, and in addition, their implications to real landslides in sensitive clays are discussed.

The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

Culture and the plasticity of perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lifshitz ◽  
T. M. Luhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
The World

Abstract Culture shapes our basic sensory experience of the world. This is particularly striking in the study of religion and psychosis, where we and others have shown that cultural context determines both the structure and content of hallucination-like events. The cultural shaping of hallucinations may provide a rich case-study for linking cultural learning with emerging prediction-based models of perception.

Dual systems for all: Higher-order, role-based relational reasoning as a uniquely derived feature of human cognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Povinelli ◽  
Gabrielle C. Glorioso ◽  
Shannon L. Kuznar ◽  
Mateja Pavlic
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Important Case ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Relational Reasoning ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
First Order ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Role Based

Abstract Hoerl and McCormack demonstrate that although animals possess a sophisticated temporal updating system, there is no evidence that they also possess a temporal reasoning system. This important case study is directly related to the broader claim that although animals are manifestly capable of first-order (perceptually-based) relational reasoning, they lack the capacity for higher-order, role-based relational reasoning. We argue this distinction applies to all domains of cognition.

Sociocultural memory development research drives new directions in gadgetry science

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Van Bergen ◽  
John Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Memory Development ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Cross Cultural Research

Abstract Sociocultural developmental psychology can drive new directions in gadgetry science. We use autobiographical memory, a compound capacity incorporating episodic memory, as a case study. Autobiographical memory emerges late in development, supported by interactions with parents. Intervention research highlights the causal influence of these interactions, whereas cross-cultural research demonstrates culturally determined diversity. Different patterns of inheritance are discussed.

Construction of plastic contact deformation maps on ceramics: a case study on aluminum nitride

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
D. L. Callahan
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Aluminum Nitride ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bright Field Image ◽  
Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Contrast Analysis ◽  
Deformation Patterns

Modern polishing, precision machining and microindentation techniques allow the processing and mechanical characterization of ceramics at nanometric scales and within entirely plastic deformation regimes. The mechanical response of most ceramics to such highly constrained contact is not predictable from macroscopic properties and the microstructural deformation patterns have proven difficult to characterize by the application of any individual technique. In this study, TEM techniques of contrast analysis and CBED are combined with stereographic analysis to construct a three-dimensional microstructure deformation map of the surface of a perfectly plastic microindentation on macroscopically brittle aluminum nitride.The bright field image in Figure 1 shows a lg Vickers microindentation contained within a single AlN grain far from any boundaries. High densities of dislocations are evident, particularly near facet edges but are not individually resolvable. The prominent bend contours also indicate the severity of plastic deformation. Figure 2 is a selected area diffraction pattern covering the entire indentation area.

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