Treatment of Wet Organic Waste by Hydrothermal Carbonization

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-27
Author(s):  
Vivian Mau ◽  
Amit Gross
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization

scholarly journals Hydrothermal Carbonization of Organic Waste and Biomass: A Review on Process, Reactor, and Plant Modeling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Ischia ◽  
Luca Fiori
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Residual Biomass ◽  
Current State ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Intrinsic Complexity ◽  
Context Models

Abstract Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is an emerging path to give a new life to organic waste and residual biomass. Fulfilling the principles of the circular economy, through HTC “unpleasant” organics can be transformed into useful materials and possibly energy carriers. The potential applications of HTC are tremendous and the recent literature is full of investigations. In this context, models capable to predict, simulate and optimize the HTC process, reactors, and plants are engineering tools that can significantly shift HTC research towards innovation by boosting the development of novel enterprises based on HTC technology. This review paper addresses such key-issue: where do we stand regarding the development of these tools? The literature presents many and simplified models to describe the reaction kinetics, some dealing with the process simulation, while few focused on the heart of an HTC system, the reactor. Statistical investigations and some life cycle assessment analyses also appear in the current state of the art. This work examines and analyzes these predicting tools, highlighting their potentialities and limits. Overall, the current models suffer from many aspects, from the lack of data to the intrinsic complexity of HTC reactions and HTC systems. Therefore, the emphasis is given to what is still necessary to make the HTC process duly simulated and therefore implementable on an industrial scale with sufficient predictive margins. Graphic Abstract

scholarly journals Study of the Potential Uses of Hydrochar from Grape Pomace and Walnut Shells Generated from Hydrothermal Carbonization as an Alternative for the Revalorization of Agri-Waste in Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12600
Author(s):  
René A. Garrido ◽  
Camila Lagos ◽  
Carolina Luna ◽  
Jaime Sánchez ◽  
Georgina Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Walnut Shells ◽  
Decomposition Processes ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Reaction Severity ◽  
Significant Attention

A myriad of resources and efforts have been devoted to assessing the possibilities of using locally sourced biomass to produce energy, reduce CO2 emissions, and, in turn, lower dependance on petroleum. Grape pomace (GP) and walnut shells (WS) are organic waste generated in Chile. Within the last decade, the potential benefits and application of biomass have received significant attention, both in terms of producing functionalized carbon materials, and the various potential applications in the field of energy storage and environmental protection. The proposed research motivation is on the development of carbonous materials through thermal decomposition processes. Few researchers have addressed the idea of developing a multipurpose carbonaceous matrix from hydrochar, and there remains a need for an efficient method to obtain hydrochar specially from grape pomace. Hence, the general objective of this research is to study the potential of grape pomace and walnut shells treated with hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) as an alternative low-cost and efficient carbonous matrix. Proximate and elemental analysis was determined to distinguish the nature of the feedstock along with the hydrochar produced. Yield and reaction severity were also studied to study the impacts of temperature and residence time for both feedstocks. Successful results from the proposed work have broad applications for increasing the sustainability biomass applications, contributing to a positive economic impact.

Horse Manure Derived Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon via Hydrothermal Carbonization for Promising Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 990 ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Tanatorn Liamprawat ◽  
Panupong Verasarut ◽  
Napat Kaewtrakulchai ◽  
Gasidit Panomsuwan ◽  
Masayoshi Fuji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Functional Material ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Horse Manure ◽  
Activating Agent

Horse manure, organic waste from livestock, has been used for the production of nitrogen-doped porous carbons (NPC) which could be applied as functional material. The variety of different NH4OH solution concentrations (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 M) were introduced in hydrothermal treatment as activating agent. Also, the nitrogen precursor was served. Horse manure derived NPC were characterized through varied physicochemical properties including NPC yields, FTIR, SEM, XPS and N2 sorption analyzer to characterize specific properties such as elemental composition on surface, surface functional bonding, physical morphology, and porosity of NPC. In addition, the incorporation of nitrogen dopant into the carbon was intended to further enhance the electrochemical performance.

scholarly journals Penentuan Temperatur Optimal Pembakaran Boiler untuk Karbonisasi Hidrotermal Sampah Organik Melalui Model Semi-Analitik Perpindahan Panas

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Dian Purwitasari Dewanti ◽  
Albert Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Air Emissions ◽  
Thermal Displacement ◽  
Carbonization Process ◽  
Water Tube ◽  
Runge Kutta ◽  
Rayleigh Benard

ABSTRACTBoiler is the one of the importance main equipment in the hydrothermal carbonization process. Steam produced from boiler is used to hydrothermal carbonization of organic waste in the reactor. This steam is produced due to the thermal displacement resulting from fuel combustion. The effectiveness of thermal displacement affects the amount of the fuel consumed and the air emissions produced by the combustion process. The study of the thermal transfer in a water tube typed boiler through Rayleigh-Benard convection semi-analytic modeling was carried out in this study. The boiler is modeled as a cylinder of two-dimensions with degrees of freedom of radius and height of the cylinder. Semi-analytic solutions are obtained by applying the Galerkin method where ordinary nonlinear differential equation systems are solved using the 4th order Runge-Kutta method. The results show that the amplitude that is function of the stream and thermal dispersion will oscillate sharply at the start of the heating process and then periodically oscillate with small variability as quasi patterns. Simulation shows that the rolling condition starts with a large rolling radius and then shrinks that is followed by uniformly distributed rolling and thermal spread throughout the boiler. The simulation results show the optimal temperature is around 300 oC. At this temperature, steam meets the conditions needed during the hydrothermal carbonization process of organic waste and fuel consumption can be adjusted to reduce air emissions resulting from combustion.Key words: boiler, convective, heat transfer, hydrothermal carbonization, Rayleigh-Benard.ABSTRAKBoiler atau ketel uap merupakan salah satu peralatan utama yang sangat penting pada proses karbonisasi hidrotermal. Uap air (steam) yang dihasilkan dari boiler dibutuhkan untuk proses karbonisasi hidrotermal sampah organik dalam reaktor. Produksi uap disebabkan oleh perpindahan panas yang dihasilkan dari pembakaran bahan bakar. Efektifitas perpindahan panas mempengaruhi jumlah bahan bakar yang dibutuhkan dan emisi udara yang dihasilkan oleh proses pembakaran tersebut. Kajian perpindahan panas dalam boiler bertipe water tube melalui pemodelan semi analitik konveksi Rayleigh-Benard dilakukan dalam penelitian ini. Boiler dimodelkan sebagai silinder dua dimensi dengan derajat kebebasan jari jari dan tinggi silinder. Solusi semi analitik diperoleh dengan menerapkan metode Galerkin dimana sistem persamaan diferensial biasa nonlinier model dipecahkan menggunaan metode Runge-Kutta orde 4. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa amplitude yang merupakan fungsi aliran (stream) dan dispersi panas akan berosilasi secara tajam pada awal waktu proses pemanasan dan kemudian secara periodik berosilasi dengan variabilitas yang kecil mengikuti pola kuasi. Simulasi menunjukkan bahwa kondisi rolling dimulai dengan jari jari rolling yang besar dan kemudian mengempis yang diikuti dengan tersebar meratanya rolling dan panas secara seragam di seluruh boiler. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan suhu optimal adalah sekitar 300oC. Pada suhu tersebut, steam memenuhi kondisi yang dibutuhkan selama proses karbonisasi hidrotermal sampah organik dan konsumsi bahan bakar bisa diatur untuk mengurangi emisi udara yang dihasilkan dari pembakaran.Kata kunci: boiler, karbonisasi hidrotermal, konvektif, perpindahan panas, Rayleigh-Benard.

An Environmental Assessment for Municipal Organic Waste and Sludge Treated by Hydrothermal Carbonization

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Espinoza Pérez ◽  
Andrea Teresa Espinoza Pérez ◽  
Ernesto Pino-Cortés ◽  
Fidel Vallejo ◽  
Luis A. Díaz-Robles
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization
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