Induced Radioactivity in Environmental Media

Author(s):  
J. Donald Cossairt ◽  
Matthew Quinn
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis I. Onuska ◽  
Ken A. Terry ◽  
R. James Maguire

Abstract The analysis of aromatic amines, particularly benzidines, at trace levels in environmental media has been difficult because of the lack of suitable deactivated capillary column stationary phases for gas chromatography. This report describes the use of an improved type of column as well as a method for the analysis of anilines and benzidines in water, wastewater and sewage samples. Extraction procedures are applicable to a wide range of compounds that are effectively partitioned from an aqueous matrix into methylene chloride, or onto a solid-phase extraction cartridge. The extracted analytes are also amenable to separation on a capillary gas chromatographic column and transferable to the mass spectrometer. These contaminants are converted to their N-trifluoroacetyl derivatives. Aniline and some substituted anilines, and 3,3’-dichlorobenzidine and benzidine were determined in 24-h composite industrial water, wastewater, primary sludge and final effluent samples at concentrations from 0.03 up to 2760 µg/L.


1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
C. W. Keffer

Monsanto is committed to being a leader in reducing waste discharges to the environment. The Company announced in June 1988 a commitment to reduce air emissions of hazardous materials by 90% by the end of 1992. In addition, Monsanto Agricultural Company established a further goal to reduce the discharge of organic and hazardous inorganic materials to all environmental media. Projects have been identified for the Agricultural Company to achieve the 90% air emission reduction goal and to reduce projected 1995 waste discharges from 150 million pounds to 50 million pounds.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1417
Author(s):  
Xuejun Wang ◽  
Si Shen ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
Haixia Wang ◽  
Lvjing Wang ◽  
...  

Dipropyl phthalate (DPrP) coexists with cadmium as cocontaminants in environmental media. A coculture system including the DPrP-degrading bacterium Glutamicibacter nicotianae ZM05 and the nondegrading bacterium Acinetobacter tandoii ZM06 was artificially established to degrade DPrP under Cd(II) stress. Strain ZM06 relieved the pressure of cadmium on strain ZM05 and accelerated DPrP degradation in the following three ways: first, strain ZM06 adsorbed Cd(II) on the cell surface (as observed by scanning electron microscopy) to decrease the concentration of Cd(II) in the coculture system; second, the downstream metabolites of ZM05 were utilized by strain ZM06 to reduce metabolite inhibition; and third, strain ZM06 supplied amino acids and fatty acids to strain ZM05 to relieve stress during DPrP degradation, which was demonstrated by comparative transcriptomic analysis. This study provides an elementary understanding of how microbial consortia improve the degradation efficiency of organic pollutants under heavy metals contamination.


Author(s):  
Masato Honda ◽  
Koki Mukai ◽  
Edward Nagato ◽  
Seiichi Uno ◽  
Yuji Oshima

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in wharf roach (Ligia spp.), as an environmental indicator, and in environmental components of the intertidal and supralittoral zones were determined, and the PAH exposure pathways in wharf roach were estimated. Wharf roaches, mussels, and environmental media (water, soil and sand, and drifting seaweed) were collected from 12 sites in Japan along coastal areas of the Sea of Japan. PAH concentrations in wharf roaches were higher than those in mussels (median total of 15 PAHs: 48.5 and 39.9 ng/g-dry weight (dw), respectively) except for samples from Ishikawa (wharf roach: 47.9 ng/g-dw; mussel: 132 ng/g-dw). The highest total PAH concentration in wharf roach was from Akita (96.0 ng/g-dw), followed by a sample from Niigata (85.2 ng/g-dw). Diagnostic ratio analysis showed that nearly all PAHs in soil and sand were of petrogenic origin. Based on a correlation analysis of PAH concentrations between wharf roach and the environmental components, wharf roach exposure to three- and four-ring PAHs was likely from food (drifting seaweed) and from soil and sand, whereas exposure to four- and five-ring PAHs was from several environmental components. These findings suggest that the wharf roach can be used to monitor PAH pollution in the supralittoral zone and in the intertidal zone.


Nature ◽  
1936 ◽  
Vol 137 (3466) ◽  
pp. 578-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. NAIDU

Author(s):  
Paula Redondo-Hasselerharm ◽  
Gerlinde Vink ◽  
Denise M Mitrano ◽  
Albert A. Koelmans

Because of the difficulty of measuring nanoplastics (NP), the use of NPs doped with rare Earth metals has been proposed as a promising approach to detect NP in environmental media...


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Iolanda-Veronica Ganea ◽  
Alexandrina Nan ◽  
Iulia Neamțiu ◽  
Călin Baciu

A continuous increase of environmental pollution has been recorded worldwide, during recent decades, as a result of industrialization and urbanization. In particular, metal release in the environmental media may threaten human health, due to their persistence and accumulation in the food chain. We report here the functionalization of chitosan with poly(benzofurane-co-arylacetic) acid, which is a new material with the ability of complex metals from contaminated water. The synthesized polymer was structurally investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photon electron microscopy (XPS), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), while heavy metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Different isotherms and kinetic models were used to describe the absorption equilibrium and the behavior of the material, based on the initial pollutant concentration and contact time. The results are pointing out that such natural materials can be easily synthesized, at low costs, thus offering attractive solutions for wastewater treatment.


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