Coral Holobiont Omics: Microbes and Dinoflagellates

Marine OMICS ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 133-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valliappan Karuppiah ◽  
Kumarappan Alagappan ◽  
Zhiyong Li
Keyword(s):  
Coral Holobiont

Breviolum and Cladocopium Are Dominant Among Symbiodiniaceae of the Coral Holobiont Madracis decactis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tooba Varasteh ◽  
Vinícius Salazar ◽  
Diogo Tschoeke ◽  
Ronaldo B. Francini-Filho ◽  
Jean Swings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Holobiont

Global Networks of Symbiodinium-Bacteria Within the Coral Holobiont

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 794-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachele Bernasconi ◽  
Michael Stat ◽  
Annette Koenders ◽  
Megan J. Huggett
Keyword(s):  
Global Networks ◽  
Coral Holobiont

scholarly journals Species-specific control of external superoxide levels by the coral holobiont during a natural bleaching event

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. Diaz ◽  
Colleen M. Hansel ◽  
Amy Apprill ◽  
Caterina Brighi ◽  
Tong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bleaching Event ◽  
Coral Holobiont ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Specific Control

Regulation of Bacterial Communities Through Antimicrobial Activity by the Coral Holobiont

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Charlotte E. Kvennefors ◽  
Eugenia Sampayo ◽  
Caroline Kerr ◽  
Genyess Vieira ◽  
George Roff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Coral Holobiont

scholarly journals Relative abundance of nitrogen cycling microbes in coral holobionts reflects environmental nitrate availability

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 201835
Author(s):  
Arjen Tilstra ◽  
Florian Roth ◽  
Yusuf C. El-Khaled ◽  
Claudia Pogoreutz ◽  
Nils Rädecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
Coral Tissue ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Nitrate Availability ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Coral Holobiont ◽  
Cell Densities ◽  
Gene Copy Numbers ◽  
Seasonal Shifts

Recent research suggests that nitrogen (N) cycling microbes are important for coral holobiont functioning. In particular, coral holobionts may acquire bioavailable N via prokaryotic dinitrogen (N 2 ) fixation or remove excess N via denitrification activity. However, our understanding of environmental drivers on these processes in hospite remains limited. Employing the strong seasonality of the central Red Sea, this study assessed the effects of environmental parameters on the proportional abundances of N cycling microbes associated with the hard corals Acropora hemprichii and Stylophora pistillata. Specifically, we quantified changes in the relative ratio between nirS and nifH gene copy numbers, as a proxy for seasonal shifts in denitrification and N 2 fixation potential in corals, respectively. In addition, we assessed coral tissue-associated Symbiodiniaceae cell densities and monitored environmental parameters to provide a holobiont and environmental context, respectively. While ratios of nirS to nifH gene copy numbers varied between seasons, they revealed similar seasonal patterns in both coral species, with ratios closely following patterns in environmental nitrate availability. Symbiodiniaceae cell densities aligned with environmental nitrate availability, suggesting that the seasonal shifts in nirS to nifH gene abundance ratios were probably driven by nitrate availability in the coral holobiont. Thereby, our results suggest that N cycling in coral holobionts probably adjusts to environmental conditions by increasing and/or decreasing denitrification and N 2 fixation potential according to environmental nitrate availability. Microbial N cycling may, thus, extenuate the effects of changes in environmental nitrate availability on coral holobionts to support the maintenance of the coral–Symbiodiniaceae symbiosis.

scholarly journals Highly Variable and Non-complex Diazotroph Communities in Corals From Ambient and High CO2 Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Geissler ◽  
Valentine Meunier ◽  
Nils Rädecker ◽  
Gabriela Perna ◽  
Riccardo Rodolfo-Metalpa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Pocillopora Damicornis ◽  
Bacterial Assemblage ◽  
Galaxea Fascicularis ◽  
Coral Holobiont ◽  
Community Assemblages ◽  
Community Variability ◽  
Family Rhodobacteraceae

The ecological success of corals depends on their association with microalgae and a diverse bacterial assemblage. Ocean acidification (OA), among other stressors, threatens to impair host-microbial metabolic interactions that underlie coral holobiont functioning. Volcanic CO2 seeps offer a unique opportunity to study the effects of OA in natural reef settings and provide insight into the long-term adaptations under a low pH environment. Here we compared nitrogen-fixing bacteria (diazotrophs) associated with four coral species (Pocillopora damicornis, Galaxea fascicularis, Acropora secale, and Porites rus) collected from CO2 seeps at Tutum Bay (Papua New Guinea) with those from a nearby ambient CO2 site using nifH amplicon sequencing to characterize the effects of seawater pH on bacterial communities and nitrogen cycling. Diazotroph communities were of generally low diversity across all coral species and for both sampling sites. Out of a total of 25 identified diazotroph taxa, 14 were associated with P. damicornis, of which 9 were shared across coral species. None of the diazotroph taxa, however, were consistently found across all coral species or across all samples within a species pointing to a high degree of diazotroph community variability. Rather, the majority of sampled colonies were dominated by one or two diazotroph taxa of high relative abundance. Pocillopora damicornis and Galaxea fascicularis that were sampled in both environments showed contrasting community assemblages between sites. In P. damicornis, Gammaproteobacteria and Cyanobacteria were prevalent under ambient pCO2, while a single member of the family Rhodobacteraceae was present at high relative abundance at the high pCO2 site. Conversely, in G. fascicularis diazotroph communities were indifferent between both sites. Diazotroph community changes in response to OA seem thus variable within as well as between host species, potentially arguing for haphazard diazotroph community assembly. This warrants further research into the underlying factors structuring diazotroph community assemblages and their functional role in the coral holobiont.

scholarly journals Multi-Omics Revealing the Response Patterns of Symbiotic Microorganisms and Host Metabolism in Scleractinian Coral Pavona minuta to Temperature Stresses

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Jiayuan Liang ◽  
Wenwen Luo ◽  
Kefu Yu ◽  
Yongqian Xu ◽  
Jinni Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Temperature Stresses ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Symbiotic Microorganisms ◽  
Coral Holobiont ◽  
Host Metabolism

Global climate change has resulted in large-scale coral reef decline worldwide, for which the ocean warming has paid more attention. Coral is a typical mutually beneficial symbiotic organism with diverse symbiotic microorganisms, which maintain the stability of physiological functions. This study compared the responses of symbiotic microorganisms and host metabolism in a common coral species, Pavona minuta, under indoor simulated thermal and cold temperatures. The results showed that abnormal temperature stresses had unfavorable impact on the phenotypes of corals, resulting in bleaching and color change. The compositions of symbiotic bacteria and dinoflagellate communities only presented tiny changes under temperature stresses. However, some rare symbiotic members have been showed to be significantly influenced by water temperatures. Finally, by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS) method, we found that different temperature stresses had very different impacts on the metabolism of coral holobiont. The thermal and cold stresses induced the decrease of anti-oxidation metabolites, several monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDGs), and the increase of lipotoxic metabolite, 10-oxo-nonadecanoic acid, in the coral holobiont, respectively. Our study indicated the response patterns of symbiotic microorganisms and host metabolism in coral to the thermal and cold stresses, providing theoretical data for the adaptation and evolution of coral to a different climate in the future.

scholarly journals Mitigation of coral bleaching by antioxidants

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Yudowski ◽  
Loretta Roberson ◽  
Michael Marty-Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Coral Bleaching ◽  
Model System ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Porites Astreoides ◽  
Aiptasia Pallida ◽  
Reef Degradation ◽  
Coral Holobiont

Coral bleaching, loss of symbiotic dinoflagellate algae from the coral holobiont, is a complex phenomenon that can result in coral death and reef degradation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been suggested as a possible mechanism underlying this event. To determine if antioxidants can be used to reduce ROS production and coral bleaching, we tested the effects of thermal stress in Aiptasia pallida a model system for coral bleaching studies, and the scleractinian coral, Porites astreoides. We analyzed host ROS levels, symbiont dark-adapted quantum yield of photosystem II, and symbiont loss in the presence or absence of antioxidants. We found that a single dose of the antioxidant catechin, significantly reduced ROS levels in the hosts, mitigated the degradation of the symbionts quantum yield and reduced the loss of symbionts from thermally stressed P. astreoides but not from A. pallida. Taken together, these results support a key role of ROS and that antioxidants can prevent symbiont degradation and loss during thermally-induced bleaching in P. astreoides.

scholarly journals Heat stress destabilizes symbiotic nutrient cycling in corals

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. e2022653118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Rädecker ◽  
Claudia Pogoreutz ◽  
Hagen M. Gegner ◽  
Anny Cárdenas ◽  
Florian Roth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Coral Host ◽  
Stylophora Pistillata ◽  
Coral Holobiont ◽  
Algal Symbiosis ◽  
Energy Limitation

Recurrent mass bleaching events are pushing coral reefs worldwide to the brink of ecological collapse. While the symptoms and consequences of this breakdown of the coral–algal symbiosis have been extensively characterized, our understanding of the underlying causes remains incomplete. Here, we investigated the nutrient fluxes and the physiological as well as molecular responses of the widespread coral Stylophora pistillata to heat stress prior to the onset of bleaching to identify processes involved in the breakdown of the coral–algal symbiosis. We show that altered nutrient cycling during heat stress is a primary driver of the functional breakdown of the symbiosis. Heat stress increased the metabolic energy demand of the coral host, which was compensated by the catabolic degradation of amino acids. The resulting shift from net uptake to release of ammonium by the coral holobiont subsequently promoted the growth of algal symbionts and retention of photosynthates. Together, these processes form a feedback loop that will gradually lead to the decoupling of carbon translocation from the symbiont to the host. Energy limitation and altered symbiotic nutrient cycling are thus key factors in the early heat stress response, directly contributing to the breakdown of the coral–algal symbiosis. Interpreting the stability of the coral holobiont in light of its metabolic interactions provides a missing link in our understanding of the environmental drivers of bleaching and may ultimately help uncover fundamental processes underpinning the functioning of endosymbioses in general.

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