The Use of Seabirds as Monitors of Heavy Metals in the Marine Environment

2018 ◽  
pp. 183-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Marine Environment

The impact of urban effluents on the coastal marine environment of Mediterranean islands

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael O. Angelidis
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Suspended Particle ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Mediterranean Islands ◽  
Coastal Marine Environment ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The impact of the urban effluents of Mytilene (Lesvos island, Greece) on the receiving coastal marine environment, was evaluated by studying the quality of the city effluents (BOD5, COD, SS, heavy metals) and the marine sediments (grain size, organic matter, heavy metals). It was found that the urban effluents of Mytilene contain high organic matter and suspended particle load because of septage discharge into the sewerage network. Furthermore, although the city does not host important industrial activity, its effluents contain appreciable metal load, which is mainly associated with the particulate phase. The city effluents are discharged into the coastal marine environment and their colloidal and particulate matter after flocculation settles to the bottom, where is incorporated into the sediments. Over the years, the accumulation of organic matter and metals into the harbour mud has created a non-point pollution source in the relatively non-polluted coastal marine environment of the island. Copper and Zn were the metals which presented the higher enrichment in the sediments of the inner harbour of Mytilene.

scholarly journals Violation of Marine Pollution Laws in Karachi Harbour Became an Environmental Challenge

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Marine Vessels ◽  
Environmental Challenge

This article appraises the Factors deteriorating marine environment due to violation of marine pollution laws in Pakistani waters. The environmental degradation of Pakistani waters especially in Karachi coast became a serious threat to the marine environment, marine life as well as human health and marine vessels since long for society. It is determined the level and the distribution pattern of various heavy metals in the coastal waters significantly higher than the standard values. Pollution created by a number of sources is the major contributing factor in this regard. Amongst all, the deteriorating environment in Pakistani waters warrants immediate corrective actions to control Marine Pollution in order to curtail further destruction by this menace. Many steps at Governmental and private level have been initiated however, improvement is a dream. It is rightly to mention that there is no dearth of legislation on the pollution control but implementation of the same by all the concerned agencies and cooperation by public in true letter and spirit is a dream. The prevailing environment cannot be improved without effective enforcement of existing laws in its true perspective by removing all obstacles and difficulties with creating political will of society.

Nutrient Enrichment, Sedimentation, Heavy Metals and Plastic Pollution in the Marine Environment and its Implications on Philippine Marine Biodiversity: A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Angelo S. Abreo ◽  
Edison D. Macusi ◽  
Ginalyn C. Cuenca ◽  
Cyril Tom B. Ranara ◽  
Michael B. Andam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Nutrient Enrichment ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Plastic Pollution

Marine biodiversity plays a vital role in ecosystem resilience and stability against climate change and alien species invasions, among others. This also plays a role in the provision of ecosystem services and functions that benefits humans. However due to anthropogenic activities and population increase, marine biodiversity have been affected most. We conducted a review using open-sourced journals on the effects of nutrient enrichment, sedimentation, heavy metals and plastic pollution in the marine environment and its implications on marine biodiversity. Lethal and sub-lethal effects were observed in different organisms that could affect marine biodiversity directly or indirectly. Direct effects include mortality of organisms while indirect effects include habitat degradation or alteration, a simplified food web, increase alien species invasion and reduced fitness of organisms. Human land use change, coastal construction activities, untreated sewage discharges, pesticides, mine tailings, uncollected, unsegregated and improperly dumped garbages and unabated garbage dumping at sea have been found to negatively influence marine biodiversity. In the Philippines, very few studies have been conducted with regards to marine pollution, especially on marine plastic debris, and even fewer studies have been made that tackles the effect of these stressors at an ecosystem level. Furthermore, this review has identified direct and indirect effects of pollution stressors on marine organisms which include: mortality and reduced fitness, vulnerability to disease or sickness,-habitat degradation, and food web simplification.     Keywords - Ecology, nutrient enrichment, sedimentation, plastic, biodiversity, literature review, pollution, Philippines

scholarly journals Study of Cadmium Bioaccumulation in Perna viridis through Food Pathway and Its Decontamination

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Octavin Exaudina ◽  
Wahyu Retno Prihatiningsih ◽  
Heny Suseno ◽  
Budiawan Budiawan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Perna Viridis ◽  
Cadmium Bioaccumulation

Seafood can be contaminated by heavy metals that contained in seawater and the source of food that marine biotas eats. Cadmium is one of the contaminants found in the marine environment. Bioaccumulation studies via foood pathway were complement previous studies through the seawater pathway. This study also made an effort to biologically decontaminate cadmium using acetic acid and citric acid. The experimental results showed the total bioaccumulation ability of Cd by Perna viridis was 74.01. Cd decontamination which accumulates in the Perna viridis decreases the level up to 21% 

scholarly journals Using amphipods as bioindicators of metal pollution in the marine environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Monique Francis Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Element Concentrations

<p>Heavy metals in the marine environment are a worldwide issue due to their toxicity, non-biodegradability and their ability to accumulate and magnify in organisms. Increased human activity has caused higher inputs of heavy metals, resulting in escalated pressures on delicate coastal ecosystems. A means of assessing the natural environment and how it is changing in response to pollution and other environmental degradation is through the use of biological indicator or biomonitor species. These organisms provide information on the bioavailability of metals present in the environment. In recent years amphipods, a diverse order of small crustaceans, have been increasingly used as bioindicators of disturbed aquatic communities. They are widespread and important components of many food webs, and likely to be frequently exposed to metal contamination through both sediment and seawater. The aim of this research was two-fold: 1) to use amphipods to examine variation across sites and species in concentration of 20+ trace elements and 2) to examine whether the uptake of two metals, copper (Cu) and neodymium (Nd), is mediated by the presence of the other metal or an elevated seawater temperature.  To investigate variation of trace element concentrations across sites, the amphipod Eusiroides monoculoides was collected from three sites in the Wellington region, approximately 5 km apart: Oriental Bay, Evans Bay and Point Halswell. To investigate differences amongst species comparisons were made between Eusiroides monoculoides, Apohyale papanuiensis and Sunamphitoe mixtura when they occurred at the same site. Analysing the trace element concentrations of 36 metals was done using an Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometer (ICPMS). Overall, although these sites were not greatly distant from each other, there were differences among sites. Evans Bay in general had the highest concentration of trace elements. Further, there were also species-specific differences and S. mixtura was the species with the highest concentration of trace elements. There was also a size effect, where the average dry weight of S. mixtura was negatively related to the concentration of trace elements in the body.  To assess the effects of heavy metals Cu and Nd in both an ambient (14 °C) and elevated (20 °C) temperature, an experiment was run at Victoria University’s Coastal Ecology Lab (VUCEL). Sand hoppers, Bellorchestia quoyana, were collected from a single site in Wellington (Scorching Bay) and assigned to eight treatments: ambient and warm controls in raw seawater and ambient and warm seawater doped with Cu, Nd and Cu and Nd together. Amphipods from treatments with Cu and Nd added had significantly higher concentrations of these metals from the controls, however temperature had no effect, and neither was there an interaction between the metals. Similar to S. mixtura from the field study, dry weight of B. quoyana was negatively related to the concentration of trace elements in the body.  Results from this work demonstrate that when using amphipods as bioindicator species it is important to consider species and size specific effects. This thesis also provides baseline data for 20+ elements from three Wellington sites and demonstrates that there can be unexpected variation across relatively small spatial scales. The laboratory experiment did not yield results that coincided with the consensus of the literature. The experiment showed that at least in this case, temperature did not mediate the uptake of metals and there was a negative relationship between size and metal uptake.</p>

Remediation of antibiotic and heavy metal pollution in marine environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zheng ◽  
Xiaohan Ma ◽  
Man Zhao ◽  
Chenchen Zhang ◽  
Baoshan Xing
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Carbon Potential ◽  
Contaminated Sediments ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Modified Biochar

&lt;p&gt;Pollution of marine environment by antibiotics and/or heavy metals is a serious global issue. Remediation of polluted marine environments is urgently needed for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to end poverty and protect the planet from degradation. Biochar, as an environmentally friendly material, has been widely used as adsorbents to remediate contaminated soil or fresh water. However, application of biochar in remediation of marine environment is poorly understood. Therefore, a batch of biochars produced from pyrolysis of two marine algae residues, Enteromorpha (Enteromorpha prolifera) and blended seaweed wastes, at 300&amp;#8211;700 &amp;#176;C was used to investigate their performance in sulfamethoxazole (SMX) sorption in seawater. Additionally, a modified biochar (MBC) was prepared by pyrolyzing AlCl&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; pretreated sawdust to improve their performance in remediating a marine sediment contaminated with heavy metals and antibiotics using two mesocosmic experiments. The results showed the algae-derived biochars had relatively low C content, but high contents of O- and S-containing functional groups and crystalline minerals associated with S, Ca, K, and Mg. The maximum adsorption capacity of these algae-derived biochars to SMX was 4880 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, equivalent to a commercial coconut shell derived activated carbon. Potential mechanisms responsible for the SMX sorption mainly included pore-filling, cation bridging, negative charge-assisted H-bond [(&amp;#8211;)CAHB], and &amp;#960;-&amp;#960; EDA interaction. The surface of MBC was rough with layered homogeneous sheets, and the nano-scale Al minerals formed on the C matrix. Moreover, its settling properties and adsorption capacities to Cu, Cd, SMX, and tetracycline (TC) were highly improved relative to the unmodified sawdust derived biochar (SBC). As a result, addition of MBC at 4% (w/w) performed &amp;#160;better in improving the survival rate and condition index of the clams in the contaminated sediments than SBC. Furthermore, MBC application decreased bioaccumulation of Cu and Cd in the clams. Both SBC and MBC increased the microbial abundance and diversity in the contaminated sediments, and MBC decreased the abundance of Cu resistant bacteria (e.g., Firmicute and Gemmatimonadetes). For the sediment contaminated by antibiotics, lower content of SMX and TC in the overlying water and pore water was observed in the sediment amended with MBC than SBC, leading to the reduction of total antibiotic resistance genes. Therefore, these findings show the potential of functional/modified biochar to remediate marine sediments contaminated with heavy metals and antibiotics.&lt;/p&gt;

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