bottom half of the process vessel, processing less than a full-size batch is possible. Equally important is the capability of beginning to disperse or emulsify with only a small portion of the final batch. If one desires to disperse the major phase of an emulsion into the minor phase, the mixer must be at the bottom of the kettle. The presence of the high-shear mixer at the bottom of the vessel makes it possible to draw liquids di-rectly into the mixing head when they are pumped into the bottom outlet. The ability to draw one phase of an emulsion directly into another is always valuable in terms of

1998 ◽  
pp. 354-355
Keyword(s):  
High Shear ◽  
Minor Phase ◽  
Major Phase ◽  
Full Size ◽  
Final Batch ◽  
Bottom Outlet ◽  
Process Vessel

scholarly journals X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS OF MRITYUNJAYA RASA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1637-1641
Author(s):  
Abhishek Abhishek
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Minor Phase ◽  
Major Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrd Study

Introduction: Mrityunjaya Rasa is a Herbo-Mineral formulation, mentioned in Jwara Chikitsa along with various Anupana like Madhu, Aardraka Swarasa, and Jeeraka Kashaya with Guda. Ingredients like Shudha Hingula, Shudha Gandhaka, Shudha Vatsanabha, Shudha Tankana, Pippali and Maricha with properties of Tikta, Katu Rasa Teekshna Guna and Deepana-Pachana, Swedajanana, Yogavahi and Jwaraghna action show the significant result on various types of fever. To attain desired qualities in the finished product, it is much needed to check efficacy on modern parameters for standardization purposes. Thus, Mrityunjaya Rasa was subjected to X- ray diffraction spectroscopy to ensure SOPs followed for preparation. Aim: The study aimed to analyse the results of X-ray diffraction spectroscopy of Mrityunjaya Rasa. Materials and Methods: X-ray diffraction spectroscopy of Mrityunjaya Rasa was carried out at MIT–central instrumentation facility – innovation centre, Manipal, Udupi. Results: XRD study indicates that Mrityunjaya Rasa contains HgS (cinnabar), mercury sulphide in major phase and borax and elements Na, Ca, Mn, Mg, K, P, Zn, C, Cl2, Fe and B in minor phase. Conclusions: Mrityunjaya Rasa contains HgS (cinnabar), mercury sulphide in major phase and borax and other elements like Na, Ca, Mn, Mg, K, P, Zn, C, Cl2, Fe, and B are also present. Compounds and elements are present due to ingredients and Shodhana media which were used. This study can be a path for establishing the thumbprint of SOP for Mrityunjaya Rasa, a herbomineral compound formulation. Keywords: Mrityunjaya Rasa, XRD, HgS, S, Borax, Na, Ca, Mn etc.

scholarly journals Phase, Microstructural Characterization and Beneficiation of Iron Ore by Shaking Table

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Sajad Ali ◽  
Fahad Nawaz ◽  
Yaseen Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Minor Phase ◽  
Magnetic Separator ◽  
Major Phase ◽  
Magnetic Nature

To know about the nature of gangue associated with the ores, characterization has become an integral part in mineral processing and beneficiation, therefore, the as-mined iron ore collected from Karak region of KP has been characterized for its phase, microstructure and chemical composition via XRD, SEM and EDS respectively. Beneficiation of the iron ore has been carried out by shaking table and magnetic separator. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of iron oxide (Fe203) as the major phase along with quartz (Si02) as the minor phase. Finely grinded iron ore powder of 100 (149 µm) and 200 (74 µm) mesh sizes were passed via shaking table and magnetic separator subsequently. The iron ore was successfully upgraded from 28.27 wt.% to 36.51 wt.% at 100 mesh and 38.70 wt.% at 200 mesh via shaking table, thus achieving a maximum of 10% upgraded iron ore. The magnetic separator did not become so effective due to non- magnetic nature of hematite.    

Microstructures of Ni3Al alloys as a function of Cr and Al levels

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 306-307
Author(s):  
J.A. Horton ◽  
C.T. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Content ◽  
Al Alloys ◽  
Minor Phase ◽  
Alloy Development ◽  
Major Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Boron Doped ◽  
Disordered Phase ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Wide Range

Several alloys based on boron-doped Ni3Al are undergoing alloy development for a wide range of potential uses. The microstructures of several of these alloys were characterized by transmission electron microscopy as a function of the chromium and aluminum levels. The series included alloys with 0 to 10 at. % Cr and with 15.6 to 21% Al, see Table I.In Ni-AI alloys with low aluminum content and in most Ni-Al alloys with chromium additions, a twophase γ’ plus γ structure resulted. The major phase (and matrix) was ordered γ’ and the minor phase disordered γ· Both phases appeared interconnected and were completely epitactic. The ordered phase was aluminum-enriched while the disordered phase was chromium-enriched. Within the disordered phase a reprecipitation of γ’ often occurred, depending on heat treatment, and gave an appearance of a “disordered web”. Typical x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopic (EDS) analyses are listed in Table II.

Effect of Cao from Different Sources on the Nanostructured Cordierite

2011 ◽  
Vol 364 ◽  
pp. 368-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Norfadhilah ◽  
Mohamad Hasmaliza ◽  
Zainal Arifin Ahmad ◽  
J. Banjuraizah
Keyword(s):  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Oxide Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Minor Phase ◽  
Major Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pure Oxide ◽  
Crystallite Sizes ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Different Sources

Cordierite was synthesized via glass-route using mineral and pure oxide material. Kaolin, talc, dolomite, magnesia, alumina, silica, and calcium oxide were mixed and melted. CaO from mineral and pure oxide was added in order to investigate the properties of each material in cordierite system. Sample was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and dilatometer testing. The result showed that when 5wt% CaO from mineral (C5 Min) was added and sintered at 900°C, α-cordierite exist as major phase and anorthite as a minor phase. While for a sample consists of 5wt% CaO from pure oxide (C5 Ox), α-cordierite was present as major phases, µ-cordierite and anorthite as minor phases. Crystallite sizes of each material were in nanorange and crystallite size of C5 Ox was less than C5 Min.

Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-Wollastonite from Rice Husk Ash and Limestone

2013 ◽  
Vol 756 ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamisah Ismail ◽  
Roslinda Shamsudin ◽  
Muhammad Azmi Abdul Hamid ◽  
Azman Jalar
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Mixed Solution ◽  
Minor Phase ◽  
Calcination Process ◽  
Major Phase ◽  
Nano Size

Wollastonite, CaSiO3 material was prepared from rice husk ash, as the source for SiO2 and limestone, source for CaO using sol-gel method. Rice husk ash and CaO powder was mixed together in 100ml distilled water with the rice husk ash/CaO ratios of 45:55 and 40:60. The mixed solution was place in the autoclave and heated at 135°C for 4 hours and calcined at 950°C for 1 and 2 hours. From the XRD results,ratio of 45:55 exhibited that b-wollastonite is the major phase and the minor phase is only contributed by cristoballite and by calcining the mixture for 2hrs would yield better crystallinity. Both of the rice husk ash:CaO ratios produced wollastonite materials in cylinder structures. Wollastonite with nano size grain was obtained for an hour calcination and 2 hrs of calcination would increase the grain size over 100 nm for ratio, 45:55 and 40:60.Therefore in order to get the nano size of wollastonite material, period of calcination process has to be controlled.

Effect of Ti Particle Size on Reaction Synthesis of Ti Aluminide

2012 ◽  
Vol 710 ◽  
pp. 314-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Kumar Gupta ◽  
Bhanu Pant ◽  
Vijaya Agarwala ◽  
Parameshwar Prasad Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Titanium Aluminide ◽  
Reaction Synthesis ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Minor Phase ◽  
Chemical Homogeneity ◽  
Major Phase ◽  
Ti Powder

Titanium aluminide intermetallic was made through reaction synthesis (RS) process using elemental powders. Pressure assisted synthesis was carried out at high temperature under vacuum. Ti powder with two different particle sizes (200μm and 30μm average) were used in RS. Synthesized blocks were homogenized and characterized for chemical homogeneity, density, phase formation and microstructure evolution. Products near to theoretical density have been obtained with uniform chemistry after homogenization. Al3Ti as a major phase along with TiAl as minor phase was confirmed after RS and TiAl along with Ti3Al was observed after homogenization. Homogenization cycle was found to be different for the alloys made through different Ti particle sizes. Significant role of Ti particle size has been observed in this pressure assisted RS process.

scholarly journals Dependence of defect concentration, optical and photocatalytic properties of β-Ni(OH)2/ZnO and NiO/ZnO composite powders on phase transformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-227
Author(s):  
Sumetha Suwanboon ◽  
Sarunya Klubnuan ◽  
Mukdawan Homkaew ◽  
Pongsaton Amornpitoksuk
Keyword(s):  
Particle Shape ◽  
Optical Band Gap ◽  
Phase Particle ◽  
Minor Phase ◽  
Composite Powders ◽  
Calcination Process ◽  
Major Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstractβ-Ni(OH)2/ZnO composite powders were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method at 180 °C for 15 h whereas NiO/ZnO composite powders formed after the as-prepared powders were calcined at 800 °C for 1 h in air. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), UV-Vis spectrophotometer were used to characterize the phase, particle shape as well as size and optical properties, respectively. In this system, it was found that ZnO is a major phase while β-Ni(OH)2 and NiO are a minor phases. The altered particle shape of ZnO was influenced by addition of Ni(CH3COO)2·6H2O whereas the particle shape of the minor phase was changed due to the calcination process. The optical band gap decreased when the amount of minor phase increased. For photocatalytic study, it was found that 6 mol% β-Ni(OH)2/ZnO composite powders exhibited the best decolorization of methylene blue aqueous solution.

Morphology and Phases of Ni-S Powders Synthesized by Chemical Route

2012 ◽  
Vol 503-504 ◽  
pp. 459-462
Author(s):  
Zhong Quan Ma ◽  
Ke Gao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Minor Phase ◽  
Chemical Route ◽  
Major Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Powder Product ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Product Powder

The nickel sulfides of NiS and NiS2 have been synthesized successfully at 180 °C and 160 °C by hydrothermal method from NiCl2•6H2O, S powder and NaOH. The phases and morphology of the products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) respectively. Experimental results show that, the major phase of the powder product obtained at 180 °C is NiS2. The Ni-S powder obtained at 180 °C shows granular and hexagonal shapes with sizes of about 200~300 nm. The product powder obtained at 160 °C has the major phase NiS and minor phase NiS2. The morphology of this product was regular hexagonal flakes with side-length 200nm.

Sr- and/or Mg-Containing Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite: Study from Synthesis to Calcined Products

2016 ◽  
Vol 721 ◽  
pp. 167-171
Author(s):  
Liga Stipniece ◽  
Inga Narkevica ◽  
Kristine Salma-Ancane ◽  
Dagnija Loca
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Sintering Behavior ◽  
Minor Phase ◽  
Major Phase ◽  
Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Deviation From Stoichiometry ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

In this work, nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HAp) powders were synthesized through wet precipitation method by adjusting the reaction temperature between 0 °C and 5 °C. The influence of biologically active Mg and Sr addition on HAp crystalline structure and thermal behavior was assessed. In all synthesis, nanocrystalline and/or amorphous HAp was found to be the major phase, and was accompanied by Ca(OH)2 as the minor phase. Results suggested that Sr and Mg have an impending effect on nucleation, crystallization and thermal stability of HAp. The addition of Sr or Mg promoted deviation from stoichiometry and formation of amorphous components, which affected thermal stability and sintering behavior of the synthesis products.

scholarly journals Mechanism of the Intermediary Phase Formation in Ti-20 wt. % Al Mixture during Pressureless Reactive Sintering

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Školáková ◽  
Pavel Salvetr ◽  
Pavel Novák ◽  
Jindřich Leitner ◽  
Davy Deduytsche
Keyword(s):  
Phase Formation ◽  
Alloy Composition ◽  
Reactive Sintering ◽  
Minor Phase ◽  
Major Phase ◽  
Aluminum Powders ◽  
Gibbs Energies ◽  
In Situ Diffraction ◽  
Sintering Processes

This work aims to describe the mechanism of intermediary phases formation in TiAl20 (wt. %) alloy composition during reactive sintering. The reaction between titanium and aluminum powders was studied by in situ diffraction and the results were confirmed by annealing at various temperatures. It was found that the Ti2Al5 phase formed preferentially and its formation was detected at 400 °C. So far, this phase has never been found in this alloy composition during reactive sintering processes. Subsequently, the Ti2Al5 phase reacted with the titanium, and the formation of the major phase, Ti3Al, was accompanied by the minor phase, TiAl. Equations of the proposed reactions are presented in this paper and their thermodynamic and kinetic feasibility are supported by Gibbs energies of reaction and reaction enthalpies.

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