Extraction and Characterization of Chitin, Chitosan, and Protein Hydrolysate From the Invasive Pacific Blue Crab, Portunus Segnis (Forskål, 1775) Having Potential Biological Activities

The diversity of marine biomasses is a set of exploitable and renewable resources with application in several sectors. In this context, a co-culture based on three protease-producing bacterial isolates namely; Aeribacillus pallidus VP3, Lysinibacillus fusiformis C250R, and Anoxybacillus kamchatkensis M1V strains, was carried out in a medium based on the blue swimming crab Portunus segnis bio-waste. Proteases production was optimized using a central composite design (CCD). The highest level of proteases production obtained was 8,809 U/mL in a medium comprising 75 g/L of Portunus segnis by-product powder (Pspp). The biological value of Pspp and its obtained derivates were evidenced via accredited protocols. The recovered protein hydrolysate (PHyd) was found to be active towards radical scavenging power, and against angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE). The blue crab chitin (BC) extraction efficiency was achieved with a yield of 32%. Afterward, chitosan was prepared through chitin N-deacetylation with a yield of 52%, leading to an acetylation degree (AD) of 19% and solubility of 90%. In addition, chitosan is found to be active against the growth of all pathogenic bacteria tested.

Valorization of Rose Hip (Rosa canina) Puree Co-Product in Enriched Corn Extrudates

Serious issues and challenges of the world’s population are represented by dwindling natural food resources and the scale-up of sustainable food manufacturing. Therefore, the valorization of co-products from the food industry represents new methods for food development. The principal goal of the study was to capitalize rose hip (Rosa canina) co-product powder in extrudates, highlighting its influence on extrusion parameters, physicochemical, and nutritional characteristics. The water absorption index, swelling index, and hygroscopicity increased with the rose hip co-product addition. Furthermore, water solubility index, expansion index, porosity, image parameters (area and perimeter) of the extrudates decreased. Lycopene, β-Carotene, Zea-esters, and lutein were the main carotenoids identified in the extrudates; whereas Catechin, Di-gallic acid, Procyanidin dimmer 1, Procyanidin dimmer 2, and Isorhamnetin-glucuronide were the main flavonoids. Strong Pearson correlations were identified between carotenoids, total flavonoids, vitamin C, total folate, and antioxidant activity. Valorization of the Rosa canina powder co-product led to value-added products—corn extrudates—rich in bioactive compounds.

Trends in valorization of the invasive crab Portunus segnis for cleaner production of chitin, chitosan, and protein hydrolysate

The diversity of marine biomasses is a set of exploitable and renewable resources with application in several sectors. In this context, a co-culture based on three protease-producing bacterial isolates namely; Aeribacillus pallidus VP3, Lysinibacillus fusiformis C250R , and Anoxybacillus kamchatkensis M1V strains, was carried out in a medium based on the invasive blue crab Portunus segnis bio-waste. Optimization of proteases production was performed using a central composite design (CCD). The highest level of proteases production obtained was 8,809 U/mL in a medium comprising 75 g/L of Portunus segnis by-product powder (Pspp ). The recovered protein hydrolysate (P Hyd ) was found to be active towards radical scavenging power, and against angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE). The extraction efficiency of the blue crab chitin (BC) was achieved with a yield of 32%. Afterward, chitosan was prepared through chitin N -deacetylation with a yield of 52%, leading to an acetylation degree (AD) of 19% and solubility of 90%. The spectrum of chitin and chitosan were depicted by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The biological value of Pspp and its obtained derivates were evidenced via accredited protocols. These data constitute a roadmap towards a circular and sustainable bio-economic strategy for a clean transformation of a recalcitrant waste to bio-based products.

Statistical Experimental Design Optimization of Microbial Proteases Production under Co-Culture Conditions for Chitin Recovery from Speckled Shrimp Metapenaeus monoceros By-Product

This study was designed with the aim to produce microbial proteases in presence of speckled shrimp by-product. For this reason, three strains belonging to Bacillus genus, namely, Aeribacillus pallidus VP3, Lysinibacillus fusiformis C250R, and Anoxybacillus kamchatkensis M1V were studied under co-culture procedure. A Taguchi L27 experimental design was applied to optimize the co-culture parameters. The experimental design was built with 9 factors (by-product powder concentration, the pH of the medium, the temperature, the sucrose concentration, the agitation speed, the inoculum sizes of VP3, M1V, and C250R strains, and the culture volume) at three different levels. The obtained results showed that a total protease activity of 8,182 U/mL could be achieved after 24 h of incubation in presence of 20 g/L shrimp by-product and 10 g/L sucrose, at an initial pH of 7, a 40°C temperature and absorbance, at 600 nm, of inoculum sizes of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.1 for VP3, M1V, and C250R strains, respectively. The agitation was set at 200 rpm, and the final volume was 25 mL. Taguchi’s design allowed the identification of temperature, the inoculum size for strain VP3, the inoculum size for strain M1V, and the final culture volume as the most influencing variables. A Box–Behnken design with 27 experiments was carried out for the optimization of these four selected factors. Following such design, the highest protease production reached was 11,300 U/mL. This yield was obtained in a final culture volume of 15 mL containing 20 g/L shrimp by-product powder and 10 g/L sucrose and inoculated with VP3, C250R, and M1V strains at 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2, respectively. The flasks were incubated at 45°C for 24 h with shaking at 200 rpm. The efficiency of chitin extraction by co-cultivation was investigated under the latter conditions. The chitin yield from shells by-product was 16.7%. Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis of the obtained chitin displayed characteristic profiles similar to that of the commercial α-chitin.

Simulation and experimental study on the air jet pulverization of TiC-containing slag

Process of “high temperature carbonization and low temperature chlorination”, which was considered to be one of the most promising technologies, could extracte more than 70% titanium from the furnace slag containing TiO2 10% - 30%. TiC-containing slag was the product of high temperature carbonization, and to meet the requirement of the following chlorination process, it needs to be crushed and grounded to a suitable size distribution. The air jet pulverization of TiC-containing slag was studied in this paper. On the one hand, By CFD numerical simulation, the distribution regularity of nozzle flow field about the main crushing equipment was obtained with different throat diameters and crushing gas pressures. On the other hand, the influences of nozzle throat diameter, crushing pressure, and collision angles on the particle size of the powder were studied by experiment. With the better parameters, the particle size distribution of the product powder was uniform.

Modelos matemáticos na predição do comportamento higroscópico para pó do mix de batata yacon e suco de lima

<p>A batata yacon tornou-se popular devido aos inúmeros benefícios que proporciona à saúde, porém seu tempo de vida útil é curto, aliado ao escurecimento enzimático, comum em alimentos ricos em compostos fenólicos, que reduz e restringe o seu consumo. Em virtude de ser um produto de alto valor, e com o intuito de se evitar o seu desperdício, justifica-se o estudo de meios de conservação do mesmo. A secagem seguida por transformação do produto em pó se apresenta como uma alternativa conveniente, segura e capaz de proporcionar longa vida útil ao material processado. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se verificar o comportamento higroscópico do pó obtido pela liofilização do mix de batata yacon e suco de lima ácida Tahiti nas temperaturas de 20, 30 e 40 ºC. Elaborou-se um mix de batata yacon com suco de lima ácida Tahiti, aproveitando a propriedade deste suco de atuar na inativação enzimática da enzima polifenoloxidase, além de ser fonte de vitamina C. O mix com maltodextrina foi seco por liofilização e o pó resultante foi submetido à análise de comportamento higroscópico, determinando-se as isotermas de adsorção de umidade nas temperaturas de 20, 30 e 40 ºC e ajustando-se os modelos matemáticos de Peleg, GAB, Halsey, Oswin e Smith às isotermas. O modelo de Peleg foi o que melhor se ajustou às isotermas de adsorção de umidade do pó da batata yacon com suco de lima ácida Tahiti. As isotermas foram classificadas como Tipo II e a umidade na monocamada molecular apresentou valor em torno de 7% b.s.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Application of mathematical models in the prediction of the hygroscopic dehavior of the potato mix yacon powder and lemon juice</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>The yacon potato became popular because of the numerous benefits it provides to health, but their life span is short, combined with enzymatic browning, common in foods rich in phenolic compounds, which reduces and limits its consumption. By virtue of being a product of high value and in order to avoid wastage, justified the study of conservation means where drying followed by processing of the product powder is presented as a convenient alternative, safe and able to provide long useful life to processed material. Given the above, it elaborated a yacon potato mix with lemon juice, taking ownership of this juice to act in the enzymatic inactivation of PPO, besides being a source of vitamin C. The mix with maltodextrin was then dried by lyophilisation and resulting powder was subjected to the hygroscopic behavior analysis, determining the moisture adsorption isotherms at temperatures of 20, 30 and 40 °C, and adjusting the mathematical models Peleg, GAB, Halsey, Oswin and Smith isotherms. The Peleg model was the best fit the moisture adsorption isotherms of powder yacon potato with lemon juice; isotherms were classified as Type II and moisture in the molecular monolayer presented value around 7% b.s.</p><p><br /><strong></strong></p>

Preparation of High Purity Spherical Silica Powder from Silica Fume

High purity spherical silica powder was obtained using silica fume as the raw material in this study. The mixture acids of HF and HCl were used in the purification process to remove the impurities contained in the silica fume. The phase of the product was characterized by X-ray diffraction, indicating that the spherical silica powder was amorphous. The chemical composition of the product was investigated by X-ray fluorescence, showing the SiO2 content was 99.9096 wt%. It had been proved that the purification process could improve the dispersion of the product powder via the morphology comparison and the laser particle analyses. The experimental results showed that the parameters of the product spherical silica powder met all the standards of the electronic-grade packaging materials.

Combustion Synthesis of the MgAl2O4 Using Glycerin from the Production of Biodiesel

This work aims to investigate the glycerin from the biodiesel as fuel in the combustion synthesis into two routes, one for high temperature called direct route, in order to inhibit the formation of acrolein and compare it with the conventional combustion synthesis at low temperatures, using as fuels saccharose, pure glycerin, pure glycerin gel, glycerin from biodiesel, biodiesel from glycerin dried 24 h, biodiesel from glycerin gel dried 24 h to obtain the magnesium aluminate spinel (MgAl2O4). The synthesis was performed from the mixture of the precursors (Al (NO3)3.9H2O and Mg (NO3)2.6H2O) in water with the addition of the fuels. In the direct route case, the mixture was placed in a furnace heated to 500°C followed by calcination at different temperatures for 2 h. In the conventional route cases, the mixtures were slowly heated to 800°C for 2 h. The obtained powders, product of the combustion reactions, were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), laser scattering particle size analyzer and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the product (powder) obtained by direct reaction was the MgAl2O4 as the only crystalline phase formed with particle sizes of approximately 41 μm. Even so, small particles with sizes of about 30 nm were also observed according to measurements on SEM images.