Beyond Obesity Prevention: The Anti-Aging Effects of Caloric Restriction

Obesity ◽  
2007 ◽  
pp. 285-298
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Obesity Prevention ◽  
Aging Effects

COCOA (Theobroma cacao) POLYPHENOL-RICH EXTRACT INCREASES THE CHRONOLOGICAL LIFESPAN OF Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
I. BAIGES ◽  
L. AROLA
Keyword(s):  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
Chronological Lifespan ◽  
Synthetic Complete

Background:Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a model organism with conserved aging pathways. Yeast chronological lifespan experiments mimic the processes involved in human non-dividing tissues, such as the nervous system or skeletal muscle, and can speed up the search for biomolecules with potential anti-aging effects before proceeding to animal studies. Objective: To test the effectiveness of a cocoa polyphenol-rich extract (CPE) in expanding the S. cerevisiae chronological lifespan in two conditions: in the stationary phase reached after glucose depletion and under severe caloric restriction. Measurements: Using a high-throughput method, wild-type S. cerevisiae and its mitochondrial manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase null mutant (sod2Δ) were cultured in synthetic complete dextrose medium. After 2 days, 0, 5 and 20 mg/ml of CPE were added, and viability was measured throughout the stationary phase. The effects of the major components of CPE were also evaluated. To determine yeast lifespan under severe caloric restriction conditions, cultures were washed with water 24 h after the addition of 0 and 20 mg/ml of CPE, and viability was followed over time. Results: CPE increased the chronological lifespan of S. cerevisiae during the stationary phase in a dose-dependent manner. A similar increase was also observed in (sod2Δ). None of the major CPE components (theobromine, caffeine, maltodextrin, (-)-epicatechin, (+)-catechin and procyanidin B2) was able to increase the yeast lifespan. CPE further increased the yeast lifespan under severe caloric restriction. Conclusion: CPE increases the chronological lifespan of S. cerevisiae through a SOD2-independent mechanism. The extract also extends yeast lifespan under severe caloric restriction conditions. The high-throughput assay used makes it possible to simply and rapidly test the efficacy of a large number of compounds on yeast aging, requiring only small amounts, and is thus a convenient screening assay to accelerate the search for biomolecules with potential anti-aging effects.

Cooling Core Body Temperature May Slow Down Neurodegeneration

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alen J. Salerian ◽  
Nansen G. Saleri
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Core Body

ABSTRACTReduction of core body temperature has been proposed to contribute to the increased lifespan and the anti-aging effects conferred by caloric restriction in mice and higher primates. Cooler biologically compatible core body temperatures have also been hypothesized to combat neurodegenerative disorders. Yet, validation of these hypotheses has been difficult until recently, when it demonstrated that transgenic mice engineered to have chronic low core body temperature have longer lifespan independent of alteration in diet or caloric restriction. This article reviews the literature and highlights the potential influence of core body temperature's governing role on aging and in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders in humans. What makes recent findings more significant for humans is the existence of several methods to lower and maintain low core body temperatures in human subjects. The therapeutic potential of “cooler people” may also raise the possibility that this could reverse the adverse-health consequences of elevations in core body temperature.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflamm-Aging Effects of Long-Term Caloric Restriction via Overexpression of SIGIRR to Inhibit NF-κB Signaling Pathway

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1257-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-meng Xu ◽  
Yi-Chun Ning ◽  
Wen-juan Wang ◽  
Jie-qiong Liu ◽  
Xue-yuan Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Myeloid Differentiation Factor

Background: Chronic inflammation is thought to be a determinant of the aging rate and longevity. Caloric restriction (CR) attenuates age-related increases in the systemic levels of several pro-inflammatory mediators, but the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of CR in the aging process remain unclear. Methods: Fisher 344 rats in a CR group were fed an amount of food corresponding to 60% of that fed to an ad libitum-fed (AL) group for 8 months. Biochemical analyses and renal pathological grading were used to analyze physiological status. Important signaling molecules in the Toll-like receptor/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (TLR/NF-κB) pathway were also analyzed by western blotting, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. Results: 1) Compared with AL feeding, CR decreased aging-mediated increases in both biochemical marker levels and renal pathological grading. 2) Single immunoglobulin IL-1 (IL-1)-related receptor (SIGIRR) expression decreased with increasing age, but CR led to overexpression. 3) The expression of TLR4 was significantly higher in the CR group than in the AL group. 4) SIGIRR overexpression decreased the expression of the adaptor molecules myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). 5) The levels of the inflammatory markers phospho-IκBa and phospho-NF-κB p65 decreased in the CR group. Conclusions: The inflammatory response might be alleviated by SIGIRR via blockade of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, CR can decrease inflammation via SIGIRR overexpression, and SIGIRR might be a new target to delay aging.

scholarly journals A randomized clinical trial of home-based exercise combined with a slight caloric restriction on obesity prevention among women

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Felippe Felix Mediano ◽  
José Silvio de Oliveira Barbosa ◽  
Aníbal Sanchez Moura ◽  
Walter C. Willett ◽  
Rosely Sichieri
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Obesity Prevention ◽  
Home Based

Caloric restriction minimizes aging effects on the femoral medial condyle

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Gabriel Fontinele ◽  
Walter Krause Neto ◽  
Eliane Florencio Gama ◽  
Renata de Brito Mari ◽  
Romeu Rodrigues de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Medial Condyle

Anti-aging effects of caloric restriction: Involvement of neuroendocrine adaptation by peripheral signaling

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Chiba ◽  
Haruyoshi Yamaza ◽  
Yoshikazu Higami ◽  
Isao Shimokawa
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Aging Effects

Effects of Aging on the Subcortical Encoding of Stop Consonants

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-403
Author(s):  
Dania Rishiq ◽  
Ashley Harkrider ◽  
Cary Springer ◽  
Mark Hedrick
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Formant Frequency ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
Second Formant ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Purpose The main purpose of this study was to evaluate aging effects on the predominantly subcortical (brainstem) encoding of the second-formant frequency transition, an essential acoustic cue for perceiving place of articulation. Method Synthetic consonant–vowel syllables varying in second-formant onset frequency (i.e., /ba/, /da/, and /ga/ stimuli) were used to elicit speech-evoked auditory brainstem responses (speech-ABRs) in 16 young adults ( M age = 21 years) and 11 older adults ( M age = 59 years). Repeated-measures mixed-model analyses of variance were performed on the latencies and amplitudes of the speech-ABR peaks. Fixed factors were phoneme (repeated measures on three levels: /b/ vs. /d/ vs. /g/) and age (two levels: young vs. older). Results Speech-ABR differences were observed between the two groups (young vs. older adults). Specifically, older listeners showed generalized amplitude reductions for onset and major peaks. Significant Phoneme × Group interactions were not observed. Conclusions Results showed aging effects in speech-ABR amplitudes that may reflect diminished subcortical encoding of consonants in older listeners. These aging effects were not phoneme dependent as observed using the statistical methods of this study.

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