Terrestrial Animal Fats

2010 ◽  
pp. 245-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Bureau ◽  
David Meeker
Keyword(s):  
Animal Fats ◽  
Terrestrial Animal

Biodiesel production from non-edible oils: A review

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-159
Author(s):  
Jatinder Kataria ◽  
Saroj Kumar Mohapatra ◽  
Amit Pal
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
The World

The limited fossil reserves, spiraling price and environmental impact due to usage of fossil fuels leads the world wide researchers’ interest in using alternative renewable and environment safe fuels that can meet the energy demand. Biodiesel is an emerging renewable alternative fuel to conventional diesel which can be produced from both edible and non-edible oils, animal fats, algae etc. The society is in dire need of using renewable fuels as an immediate control measure to mitigate the pollution level. In this work an attempt is made to review the requisite and access the capability of the biodiesel in improving the environmental degradation.

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ПИЩЕВОГО БЕЛКОВО-ЖИРОВОГО БАЛАНСА И СТРАТЕГИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ЖИВОТНОВОДСТВА

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
V.I. CHINAROV
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Labor Resources

В 2018 году дефицит белка и жиров животного происхождения в питании населения России составил 11,8 и 5,5, соответственно. Продолжает оставаться высокой импортозависимость по белку животного происхождения на уровне 10,3, по животным жирам 8,8. Интенсификация развития животноводства соответствует стратегической цели социального развития и повышения жизненного уровня населения нашей страны на ближайшую и отдаленную перспективы. В соответствии с Доктриной продовольственной безопасности взят курс на наиболее полное обеспечение и улучшение структуры питания людей за счет роста потребления ценной в питательном отношении молочномясной продукции собственного производства. Россия располагает всеми необходимыми условиями и имеет реальные предпосылки полностью решить проблему обеспечения населения животными жирами и пищевым белком животного происхождения, но с каждым годом усложняется ситуация с трудовыми ресурсами на селе.In 2018, the deficit of protein and animal fats at the diet of Russian population was 11.8 and 5.5, respectively. High import dependence on animal protein remains at the level of 10.3, and on animal fats 8.8. Intensification of animal husbandry corresponds to the strategy of social development and improvement of living standards of countryside population in near and longterm period. In accordance with the Food Security Doctrine it was taken the course on the most complete provision and improving the structure of peoples diet due to increasing in the consumption of valuable dairy and meat products of own production. Our country has all the necessary conditions and has real prerequisites for fully solving the problem of providing the population with animal fats and protein, but every year the situation with the labor resources in rural areas becomes more complicated.

Chemistry of Archaeological Animal Fats

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 660-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Evershed ◽  
Stephanie N. Dudd ◽  
Mark S. Copley ◽  
Robert Berstan ◽  
Andrew W. Stott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Fats

scholarly journals Pattern-Type Separation of Triacylglycerols by Silver Thiolate×Non-Aqueous Reversed Phase Comprehensive Liquid Chromatography

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Paola Arena ◽  
Danilo Sciarrone ◽  
Paola Dugo ◽  
Paola Donato ◽  
Luigi Mondello
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Ion Trap ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Borago Officinalis ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Group Type ◽  
Degree Of Unsaturation ◽  
Main Components

Triacylglycerols (TAGs), as the main components of edible oils and animal fats, are responsible for the nutritional value, organoleptic features and technological properties of foods; each lipid matrix shows a unique TAG profile which can serve as fingerprint to ensure the quality and authenticity of food products. The high complexity of many foodstuffs often makes untargeted elucidation of TAG components a challenging task; thus, more efficient separation techniques may be mandatory. In this research, the TAG profile of a borage (Borago officinalis) seed oil was obtained by two-dimensional comprehensive liquid chromatography (LC×LC), by the coupling of silver thiolate and octadecylsilica monodisperse materials. A total 94 TAG compounds were identified by ion trap-time of flight detection, using atmospheric pressure ionization, with the degree of unsaturation varying from 0 to 9, and partition values ranging from 36 to 56. The group-type separation afforded by this analytical approach may be useful to quickly fingerprint TAG components of oil samples.

scholarly journals Phosphorus speciation analysis of fatty-acid-based feedstocks and fast pyrolysis biocrudes via gel permeation chromatography inductively coupled plasma high-resolution mass spectrometry

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (43) ◽  
pp. 26732-26738
Author(s):  
Victor Garcia-Montoto ◽  
Sylvain Verdier ◽  
David C. Dayton ◽  
Ofei Mante ◽  
Carine Arnaudguilhem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Speciation Analysis ◽  
Transportation Fuels ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Renewable Feedstocks ◽  
Pyrolysis Oils

Renewable feedstocks, such as lignocelulosic fast pyrolysis oils and both vegetable oil and animal fats, are becoming a viable alternative to petroleum for producing high-quality renewable transportation fuels.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from Melia azedarach and Ricinus communis Oil by Transesterification Process

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Awais ◽  
Sa’ed A Musmar ◽  
Faryal Kabir ◽  
Iram Batool ◽  
Muhammad Asif Rasheed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Renewable Fuel ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Edible Crops ◽  
American Society

Biodiesel is a renewable fuel usually produced from vegetable oils and animal fats. This study investigates the extraction of oil and its conversion into biodiesel by base-catalyzed transesterification. Firstly, the effect of various solvents (methanol, n-hexane, chloroform, di-ethyl ether) on extraction of oil from non-edible crops, such as R. communis and M. azedarach, were examined. It was observed that a higher concentration of oil was obtained from R. communis (43.6%) as compared to M. azedarach (35.6%) by using methanol and n-hexane, respectively. The extracted oils were subjected to NaOH (1%) catalyzed transesterification by analyzing the effect of oil/methanol molar ratio (1:4, 1:6, 1:8 and 1:10) and varying temperature (20, 40, 60 and 80 °C) for 2.5 h of reaction time. M. azedarach yielded 88% and R. communis yielded 93% biodiesel in 1:6 and 1:8 molar concentrations at ambient temperature whereas, 60 °C was selected as an optimum temperature, giving 90% (M. azedarach) and 94% (R. communis) biodiesel. The extracted oil and biodiesel were characterized for various parameters and most of the properties fulfilled the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard biodiesel. The further characterization of fatty acids was done by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS) and oleic acid was found to be dominant in M. azedarach (61.5%) and R. communis contained ricinoleic acid (75.53%). Furthermore, the functional groups were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The results suggested that both of the oils are easily available and can be used for commercial biodiesel production at a cost-effective scale.

scholarly journals Estimating maximum bite performance in Tyrannosaurus rex using multi-body dynamics

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. T. Bates ◽  
P. L. Falkingham
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Ontogenetic Change ◽  
Positive Allometry ◽  
Musculoskeletal Models ◽  
Terrestrial Animal ◽  
Body Dynamics ◽  
Mode Of Life ◽  
Scaling Analyses ◽  
Multi Body

Bite mechanics and feeding behaviour in Tyrannosaurus rex are controversial. Some contend that a modest bite mechanically limited T. rex to scavenging, while others argue that high bite forces facilitated a predatory mode of life. We use dynamic musculoskeletal models to simulate maximal biting in T. rex . Models predict that adult T. rex generated sustained bite forces of 35 000–57 000 N at a single posterior tooth, by far the highest bite forces estimated for any terrestrial animal. Scaling analyses suggest that adult T. rex had a strong bite for its body size, and that bite performance increased allometrically during ontogeny. Positive allometry in bite performance during growth may have facilitated an ontogenetic change in feeding behaviour in T. rex , associated with an expansion of prey range in adults to include the largest contemporaneous animals.

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