A high-recovery-ratio combustion chamber

2007 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Recovery Ratio ◽  
High Recovery

Effects of Microbial Degradation over Heavy Oil and Oilfield Test

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Zhao Yong Jiang ◽  
Ting Shan Zhang ◽  
Xiao Hui Chen ◽  
Guang Zhi Lan
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Recovery Ratio ◽  
Heavy Oils ◽  
High Recovery ◽  
Oil Exploitation ◽  
Recovery Cost ◽  
Enhance Oil Recovery

Heavy oils are abundant in resins and asphaltenes, and they have the characters of high freezing point, low flowing ability, difficult oil recovery and high recovery cost. Microbial degradation can effectively improve the properties of heavy oils and enhance oil recovery ratio. According to distinctive properties of heavy oils from different oilfields, identical microbial assemblies are sifted and incubated. Then the assemblies are used to degrade the heavy oils in oilfield. The results indicated that microbes selected could degrade resins and asphaltenes in heavy oils. Oilfield tests in Qinghai and Xinjiang Oilfield proved that microbial degradation is evident in enhancing recovery ration and is feasible and economical in heavy oil exploitation.

UV Reconfigurable Shape Memory Polyurethane with a High Recovery Ratio under Large Deformation

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 2144-2153
Author(s):  
Jing Hu ◽  
Zhanbin Feng ◽  
Xiaowei Xu ◽  
Weisheng Gao ◽  
Nanying Ning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Large Deformation ◽  
Recovery Ratio ◽  
High Recovery ◽  
Shape Memory Polyurethane

Spandex Fiber Reinforced Shape Memory Polymer Composites and their Mechanical Properties

2011 ◽  
Vol 410 ◽  
pp. 370-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Sun ◽  
Yan Yi Xu ◽  
Yi Jin Chen ◽  
Yan Ju Liu ◽  
Jin Song Leng
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Fracture Strain ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Recovery Ratio ◽  
High Recovery ◽  
High Elasticity

In this current study, spandex fiber with high elasticity and high recovery ratio were added into shape memory epoxy resin. Compared with pure shape memory resin, the Young’s modulus increases by 28.2%, tensile stress by 49.7% and fracture strain by 16.4% in samples with 20 vol% spandex fiber, while recover time reduces by 36s in samples with 40 vol% spandex fiber.

Distillation of high concentrated salt solution by vacuum multi effect membrane distillation (VMEMD) of memsys

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Wenzel ◽  
S. Büttner ◽  
W. Heinzl ◽  
S. Heinzl
Keyword(s):  
Salt Solution ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
Recovery Ratio ◽  
Distillation Process ◽  
High Recovery ◽  
Distillate Output ◽  
Hydrophobic Membranes

Vacuum multi effect membrane distillation (VMEMD) is a thermal separation process with microporous hydrophobic membranes that is able to concentrate liquids with high salt concentrations close to saturation. This document describes the technology, test runs with high concentrated salt solution, observed phenomena and experiences gathered from the testing with VMEMD modules by memsys. Salt influences the distillation process in direction to lower distillate output due to boiling point elevation of the salt water. The process proofs reliability in a 365 days long-term testing with feed at conductivities between 130′000 μS/cm and 240′000 μS/cm (approximately 9.5–22wt% salt in solution) and distillate output with less than 10 μS/cm. The testing program delivers experience for the layout of modules with high recovery ratio.

DETERMINATION OF THE TYPE OF A SINGLE-USE GRENADE LAUNCHER BASED ON ITS COMPOSITE PARTS AND FRAGMENTS OF REACTIVE GRENADE FOUND AT THE PLACE OF ACCIDENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 245-252
Author(s):  
V. V. Somov
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Outlet Section ◽  
Technical Expertise ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
Size Ofthe ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Nozzle Block ◽  
Considerable Damage

In carrying out an investigation into the explosion, among others, the investigative version of the use of a single-use reactive grenade launcher is being considered. The most common for criminal explosions are applied grenade launchers RPG-18, RPG-22, RPG-26. Their use is due to a number of such properties as small size and weight, which makes it possible to transfer them covertly, the range of the shot significantly exceeding the range of the hand grenade throw, the high detonating effect of the rocket grenade explosion. The single-use rocket launchers are generally of the same design. Their differences are in the features of the components construction and dimensional characteristics, which are given in the article. On the basis of expert practice, details ofgrenade launchers that remain at the site of the explosion and have the least damage are determined. These details are the objects of investigation of the explosion technical expertise. These objects include launchers of grenade launchers and rocket parts ofjet grenades. The design features of the launchers, their dimensional characteristics and marking symbols make it possible to determine their belonging to a specific type of jet grenade launchers. Missile parts of jet grenades differ in the form of the combustion chamber of the jet engine, nozzle, in the size ofthe outlet section of the nozzle, in the form and size of the stabilizerfeathers. To determine the belonging of the rocket part of the grenade to a specific type ofjet grenade launcher, it’s necessary to establish a set of structural features and dimensional characteristics. At considerable damage of the combustion chamber of the jet engine, as a rule, the nozzle block remains intact that allows to define diameter of critical section of a nozzle, and on it to establish type of the used single-use grenade launcher.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER OF GAS ENGINE, CONVERTED ON THE BASIS OF DIESELS D-120 OR D-144 ENGINES TO WORK FOR ON LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS

2019 ◽  
pp. 2-8
Author(s):  
Serhii Kovalov
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Gas Engine ◽  
Chamber Volume ◽  
Motor Fuels ◽  
Dynamic Cycle

The expediency of using vehicles of liquefied petroleum gas as a motor fuel, as com-pared with traditional liquid motor fuels, in particular with diesel fuel, is shown. The advantages of converting diesel engines into gas ICEs with forced ignition with respect to conversion into gas diesel engines are substantiated. The analysis of methods for reducing the compression ratio in diesel engines when converting them into gas ICEs with forced ignition has been carried out. It is shown that for converting diesel engines into gas ICEs with forced ignition, it is advisable to use the Otto thermo-dynamic cycle with a decrease in the geometric degree of compression. The choice is grounded and an open combustion chamber in the form of an inverted axisymmetric “truncated cone” is developed. The proposed shape of the combustion chamber of a gas internal combustion engine for operation in the LPG reduces the geometric compression ratio of D-120 and D-144 diesel engines with an unseparated spherical combustion chamber, which reduces the geometric compression ratio from ε = 16,5 to ε = 9,4. The developed form of the combustion chamber allows the new diesel pistons or diesel pistons which are in operation to be in operation to be refined, instead of making special new gas pistons and to reduce the geometric compression ratio of diesel engines only by increasing the combustion chamber volume in the piston. This method of reducing the geometric degree of compression using conventional lathes is the most technologically advanced and cheap, as well as the least time consuming. Keywords: self-propelled chassis SSh-2540, wheeled tractors, diesel engines D-120 and D-144, gas engine with forced ignition, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), compression ratio of the internal com-bustion engine, vehicles operating in the LPG.

Effect of Chemical Hythane Composition on Pressure in Combustion Chamber of Engine

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
A. P. Shaikin ◽  
I. R. Galiev
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Chamber Volume ◽  
Excess Air ◽  
Scientific Papers

The article analyzes the influence of chemical composition of hythane (a mixture of natural gas with hydrogen) on pressure in an engine combustion chamber. A review of the literature has showed the relevance of using hythane in transport energy industry, and also revealed a number of scientific papers devoted to studying the effect of hythane on environmental and traction-dynamic characteristics of the engine. We have studied a single-cylinder spark-ignited internal combustion engine. In the experiments, the varying factors are: engine speed (600 and 900 min-1), excess air ratio and hydrogen concentration in natural gas which are 29, 47 and 58% (volume).The article shows that at idling engine speed maximum pressure in combustion chamber depends on excess air ratio and proportion hydrogen in the air-fuel mixture – the poorer air-fuel mixture and greater addition of hydrogen is, the more intense pressure increases. The positive effect of hydrogen on pressure is explained by the fact that addition of hydrogen contributes to increase in heat of combustion fuel and rate propagation of the flame. As a result, during combustion, more heat is released, and the fuel itself burns in a smaller volume. Thus, the addition of hydrogen can ensure stable combustion of a lean air-fuel mixture without loss of engine power. Moreover, the article shows that, despite the change in engine speed, addition of hydrogen, excess air ratio, type of fuel (natural gas and gasoline), there is a power-law dependence of the maximum pressure in engine cylinder on combustion chamber volume. Processing and analysis of the results of the foreign and domestic researchers have showed that patterns we discovered are applicable to engines of different designs, operating at different speeds and using different hydrocarbon fuels. The results research presented allow us to reduce the time and material costs when creating new power plants using hythane and meeting modern requirements for power, economy and toxicity.

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