FUSARIUM TOXINS: TRICHOTHECENES AND FUMONISINS

Grain samples of spring barley from the 2009 and 2010 harvest were analysed for the content of DNA of Fusarium species and Fusarium toxins (type B trichothecenes). Samples originated from different fields in Radzików, Central Poland. Qualitative and quantitative determination of Fusarium species in the grain was performed using a real-time PCR. Fusarium toxins in the grain were analysed by gas chromatography. Seven Fusarium species were detected in barley grain. The dominating species were F. avenaceum, F. graminearum and F. poae. The presence of F. culmorum, F. langsethiae, F. sporotrichioides and F. tricinctum was also detected. The concentration of trichothecene toxins in grain (deoxynivalenol, nivalenol) was low. The highest correlation coefficient of deoxynivalenol vs. Fusarium DNA was found for F. graminearum. Regarding nivalenol, the highest correlation coefficient was with F. poae DNA.

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Removal of common Fusarium toxins in vitro by strains of Lactobacillus and Propionibacterium

Food Additives & Contaminants ◽

10.1080/02652030210134236 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 19 (7) ◽

pp. 680-686 ◽

Cited By ~ 98

Author(s):

H. S. El-Nezami ◽

A. Chrevatidis ◽

S. Auriola ◽

S. Salminen ◽

H. Mykkänen

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Toxins

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Physicochemical Data for Some Selected Fusarium Toxin

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/79.6.1365 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 79 (6) ◽

pp. 1365-1380 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Eric W Sydenham ◽

Pieter G Thiel ◽

Robert Vleggaar

Keyword(s):

Fluorescence Spectra ◽

Fumonisin B1 ◽

Specific Rotation ◽

Fusarium Toxins ◽

Fusarium Mycotoxins ◽

Melting Points ◽

Fusarium Toxin ◽

Fumonisin B2 ◽

Physicochemical Data ◽

Physicochemical Constants

Abstract Fusarium toxins are a major group of secondary metabolites, produced by several species, that may contaminate food cereals and animal feeds. We describe results of a study in which a number of physicochemical constants for 12 important Fusarium mycotoxins (zearalenone, diacetoxyscirpenol, T-2 toxin, neosolaniol monoacetate, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2, moniliformin, fusarenon-X, HT-2 toxin, and β-zearalenol) were determined. Nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometric, UV spectral, molar absorption coefficients, fluorescence spectra, melting points, and specific rotation data are presented.

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Natural co-occurrence of Fusarium toxins in poultry feed and its ingredients

Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety ◽

10.1007/s00003-020-01292-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 341-350

Author(s):

Z. H. Shar ◽

H. H. Shar ◽

A. Jatoi ◽

S. T. H. Sherazi ◽

S. A. Mahesar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Poultry Feed ◽

Fusarium Toxins

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Maize and Grass Silage Feeding to Dairy Cows Combined with Different Concentrate Feed Proportions with a Special Focus on Mycotoxins, Shiga Toxin (stx)-Forming Escherichia coli and Clostridium botulinum Neurotoxin (BoNT) Genes: Implications for Animal Health and Food Safety

Dairy ◽

10.3390/dairy1020007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 91-125

Author(s):

Sven Dänicke ◽

Julia Krenz ◽

Christian Seyboldt ◽

Heinrich Neubauer ◽

Jana Frahm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Shiga Toxin ◽

Clostridium Botulinum ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽

Fusarium Toxins ◽

E Coli ◽

Ph Values ◽

Grass Silage

A feeding experiment was carried out with late-lactating cows over 12 weeks to evaluate the feeding value of a basic diet with maize and grass silage (MS, GS) when combined with varying portions of concentrate in the ration (20% and 60% on a dry matter basis) and to test the effects on health and performance, the transfer of important Fusarium toxins to blood and milk, the total and Shiga toxin (stx)-forming E. coli counts, and the presence of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) genes in rectal fecal samples. MS was contaminated by a broader spectrum of fungal and other metabolites compared to GS. MS contained higher concentrations of the important Fusarium toxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN). Blood and milk levels of DON and ZEN residues generally reflected the differences in exposure at a low level. Feeding of MS with 60% concentrate feed induced subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) associated with a marked drop in dry matter intake, fat corrected milk yield and a fat to protein ratio in milk of lower than 1. The SARA-associated higher ruminal LPS concentration did not affect the circulating concentrations of haptoglobin as an indicator of systemic inflammation. Lower rumen pH values in both MS-fed groups were associated with lower pH values, higher absolute E. coli counts and increased proportions of stx-positive E. coli in rectal feces. BoNT genes A, B, C, D, E and F remained undetectable in any of the fecal samples suggesting that feedstuffs were virtually free of the corresponding C. botulinum strains. In conclusion, maize feedstuff (silage, grains, starch-containing byproducts)-dominated rations for dairy cows should be avoided to reduce adverse effects on health and food safety.

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