up to 5-10 cm, without leaves. Corolla pale blue, 6-7 mm in diam., limb flat, with ovate-orbicular lobes, tube short, as long as calyx; arches on throat white or yellow, broad, papillate, forming crown, sealing tube inlet; after anthesis, style not projecting from calyx. Calyx campanulate, 2-2.5 mm long in flower, 3.5-5 mm long in fruits and pubescent with appressed bristles, incised for 1/3 into broad deltoid teeth. Fruit stems long, strong, 0.5-0.8 cm long, horizontally declinate in fruits, pubescent with appressed tiny bristles. Erema 1.5-1.7 mm long, brown, lustrous, ovate, with narrow wing; areola broad, trapezoidal, wit h short groove along margin. On Putoran plateau (Talnakh settlement) and in East. Sayan (Tunkinsk mountain range), 2 n = 22. Plate XVII (1). In swamps, humid meadows, along banks of water reservoirs in forest and forest-steppe regions. West. Sib.: TYU—Yam, Khm, Tb, KU, OM, TO, NO, KE, AL—Ba, Go. Cen. Sib,: KR—Ta, Pu, Tn, Kha, Ve, TU. East. Sib.: IR—An, Pr, BU—Se, Yuzh (Selenginsk region: Bichura village), YAK—Vi, Al.—Europe, Caucasus, Mid . Asia, Asia Minor, Nor. America. Described from Europe. Map 82.

2006 ◽  
pp. 144-157
Keyword(s):  
Asia Minor ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Water Reservoirs ◽  
Plate Xvii

scholarly journals Feeding ecology of the wolf (Canis lupus) in a near-natural ecosystem in Mongolia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Tiralla ◽  
Maika Holzapfel ◽  
Hermann Ansorge
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Siberian Roe Deer ◽  
Northern Mongolia

AbstractThe increasing animosity towards wolves (Canislupus) by livestock-keeping nomads in Mongolia and the accompanying conflicts highlight the urgent need for knowledge about the feeding behavior of wolves, since information on the feeding ecology of wolves in Mongolia is rare, especially in the mountain taiga and mountain forest steppe regions of Northern Mongolia. Those regions are characterized by a relatively high wildlife diversity and are sparsely populated by humans. To face this problem, 137 wolf scats were collected in the Khentii Mountain range in Northern Mongolia between 2008 and 2012. Almost all wolf faeces contained remnants of wild ungulates, which made up 89% of the consumed biomass. Siberian roe deer (Capreoluspygargus) was the most important and positively selected prey species. It was followed by red deer (Cervuselaphus) and wild boar (Susscrofa), which was negatively selected by wolves. Wolves also fed on buffer prey species such as lagomorphs and small mammals. No evidence of domestic ungulates was found in the wolf diet. Thus, near-natural habitats with a diverse fauna of wild animals are important to limit livestock depredation.

scholarly journals Regularities of Vertical Propagation Mammals of the Mountain Massive Munku-Sardyk

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 28-41
Author(s):  
F. A. Danilov ◽  
◽  
V. A. Prelovskiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Adaptation To Hypoxia ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Jaccard Coefficient ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Harsh Habitat ◽  
Degree Of Similarity ◽  
Mountain Taiga

The Munku-Sardyk mountain range is an important link in the Eastern Sayan mountain system, performing a barrier and refugial role for various mammalian species, in the transition zone between the Central Asian steppe and the Siberian taiga. Thus, the southern steppe slopes are the northern limit in the distribution of the Tuvan and Mongolian voles, Tarbagan marmot, tolai hare, mountain weasel and manul. For the Altai mole, brown bear, sable, Siberian musk deer, reindeer and elk, the southern border of their distribution lies in the forest zone of the Khubsugul region. The paper presents the basic information about the features of the vertical distribution of mammals on the southern and northern slopes of the massif. The complex structure of the vertical zonation of the mountain range and the harsh habitat conditions are of paramount importance in the distribution and number of mammals inhabiting it. The species composition of communities in five high-altitude belts is presented: forest-steppe, mountain- taiga, subalpine, alpine and nival. A comparative analysis of the degree of similarity of mammalian communities, depending on the altitudinal zonality and exposure of the slope, using the Jaccard coefficient, based on the analysis of qualitative data, has been carried out. A high degree of similarity of the lower belt with the higher one was revealed on both slopes of the mountain range. The highest degree of similarity between the mountain-taiga and subalpine belts was noted, and the lowest degree was observed in the forest-steppe and nival belts that were separated from each other. The low species diversity in the nival belt is associated with the harsh habitat conditions associated with the absence of protective feeding stations and mechanisms of adaptation to hypoxia in most mammals living in the lower part. When comparing the community of mammalian faunas between the belts of the southern and northern slopes, a high similarity of mountain-taiga belts and a decrease in the proportion of common species with height were noted. The obtained information eliminates the existing gaps in the territory poorly studied in the zoogeographic plan and makes it possible to form a unified environmental policy in the transboundary region.

scholarly journals Lepidoptera of black taiga in Transbaikalia, East Siberia

2021 ◽  
Vol 908 (1) ◽  
pp. 012016
Author(s):  
S Yu Gordeev ◽  
T V Gordeeva
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Transbaikal Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
East Siberia ◽  
Taiga Forests

Abstract Based on the studies conducted in 2012-2020 on the key plots of mixed fir tree woodlands that grow within the Ulan-Burgasy Mountain range, the authors identified a special nemoral group of lepidopterans, that typically inhabit ocean coastline mixed and broad-leaved forests. Another peculiarity of this area is the presence of species atypical for the major part of the Transbaikal Region: Spialia orbifer Hbn., Leucodonta bicoloria Den. et Schiff., Furcula bifida Brahm (Sub-boreal group); Laothoe populi L. (Central Palearctic group); and Feralia sauberi Graes. (Palearchearctic group). The comparison of Lepidoptera faunas on the key plots and other forest and forest-steppe habitats in the Transbaikal Region revealed their high similarity (more than 80%) to the Ulan-Burgasy humid forests that grow near Baikal and mixed fir tree taiga forests of the Khamar-Daban Ridge.

scholarly journals Contribution to the flora of Ulziit Mountain in forest steppe region of Mongolia

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-215
Author(s):  
Gantuya Batdelger ◽  
Badamtsetseg Bazarragchaa ◽  
Agiimaa Janchiv ◽  
Ganbold Enebish ◽  
Seungah Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Survey ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Floristic Survey ◽  
Steppe Region ◽  
The Family ◽  
Plant Taxon ◽  
Effective Conservation ◽  
Northern Branch

The Ulziit Mountain has a unique ecosystem which is one of northern branch mountains of Khangai mountain range in Mongolia. Several field survey were conducted in summer in all habitats in different altitudes. A total of 314 taxa were registered belonging to 161 genera from 52 families in Ulziit Mountain flora. The family Asteraceae was found to be the largest with 37 taxa, followed by Poaceae with 30 taxa, Ranunculaceae with 24 taxa, Cyperaceae, Caryophyllaceae and Rosaceae each with 17 taxa, Salicaceae with 16 taxa, and Fabaceae with 15 taxa; in total, these comprised 55.1% of all flora complements in this mountain. During the investigation, 5 species were newly recorded in the Khangai mountains forest-steppe region. The most represented life forms in the flora are hemicryptophytes (71.97%), which are common for mountain steppe vegetation. In a time of climate change, effective conservation of nature is needed at an ecosystem such as a single mountain particularly for endemic, relict and other salient species. Furthermore, such a detailed floristic survey is important for finding new records in the field of plant taxonomy and conservation of nature in these specific areas. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 28(1): 195-215, 2021 (June)

Introduction to Cell Membranes at Molecular Resolution

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-502
Author(s):  
R.J. Barrnett
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membranes ◽  
International Federation ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Cellular Membranes ◽  
Short History ◽  
Biological Organization ◽  
Macromolecular Assemblies ◽  
The Past

This subject, is like observing the panorama of a mountain range, magnificent towering peaks, but it doesn't take much duration of observation to recognize that they are still in the process of formation. The mountains consist of approaches, materials and methods and the rocky substance of information has accumulated to such a degree that I find myself concentrating on the foothills in the foreground in order to keep up with the advance; the edifices behind form a wonderous, substantive background. It's a short history for such an accumulation and much of it has been moved by the members of the societies that make up this International Federation. My panel of speakers are here to provide what we hope is an interesting scientific fare, based on the fact that there is a continuum of biological organization from biochemical molecules through macromolecular assemblies and cellular membranes to the cell itself. Indeed, this fact explains the whole range of towering peaks that have emerged progressively during the past 25 years.

Irrigation regime and water consumption of potatoes in the Republic of Bashkortostan, depending on the reclamation condition of lands

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Guzel Gumerova ◽  
Georgiy Gulyuk ◽  
Dmitry Kucher ◽  
Anatoly Shuravilin ◽  
Elena Piven
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Irrigated Lands ◽  
The Republic

Data of long-term researches (2015–2018) in southern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan, is justified theoretically and experimentally the mode of irrigation of potatoes on leached chernozems of unsatisfactory, satisfactory and good ameliorative condition of irrigated lands. For the growing periods of potatoes with different heat and moisture supply, the number of watering, the timing of their implementation, irrigation and irrigation norms are established. On lands with unsatisfactory meliorative state the number of irrigation depending on weather conditions of potato vegetation period varied from 0 to 3 (1.5 on average) with average irrigation norm – 990 m3/ha. With satisfactory meliorative state of lands the number of irrigation on average increased from 0 to 4 (2.3 on average) with irrigation norm – 1305 m3/ha. On lands with good meliorative state the number of irrigation was the highest – from 1 to 5 (3 on average) with average irrigation irrigation norm is 1653 m3/ha. It was noted that in the dry periods of potato vegetation the greatest number of watering was carried out (3–5 watering), and in the wet periods (2017) watering was not carried out except for the area with a good reclamation state, where only one irrigation was carried out by the norm of 550 m3/ha. Water consumption of potato was studied in dynamics as a whole during the growing season and the months of the growing season depending on weather conditions of vegetation period and land reclamation condition of irrigated lands, as well as in the control (without irrigation). The lowest total water consumption was in the area without irrigation and averaged 226.8 mm. In irrigated areas, its values increased to 319-353.4 mm. The average daily water consumption varied from 2.12 to 3.3 mm. The highest rates of potato water consumption were observed in June and July, and the lowest – in May and August. In the total water consumption of potatoes on the site without irrigation, the largest share was occupied by atmospheric precipitation and in addition to them the arrival of moisture from the soil. Irrigation water was used in irrigated areas along with precipitation, the share of which was 30.2–46.1 %.

Ukrainian Chernozem Fertility Reproduction under Soil Conservation Agriculture

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-79
Author(s):  
Yu. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Degradation Processes ◽  
Biological Potential

In Ukraine 57.5 % of agricultural land is subjected to erosion with 10–24 million tons of humus, 0.3–0.96 million tons of nitrogen, 0.7–0.9 million tons of phosphorus and 6–12 million tons of potassium lost annually. Degradation processes are also common on chernozems, which cover about 60 % of the Ukrainian territory. The aim of the research is to defi ne the most eff ective soil conservation practices and legislative decisions aimed to conservation/recovering the Ukrainian chernozem fertility. The experimental data of the agrochemical certifi cation of Ukrainian lands, data from scientifi c papers, stock and instructional materials as well as our own fi eld and laboratory studies were used. It has been established that the long-term use of deep subsurface tillage on typical chernozem increases, compared with plowing, the content of 10–0.25 mm of air-dry and water-resistant aggregates, the bulk density, soil water storages, water infi ltration rates, the content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium, pHH2O, CaCO3 stocks, the contents of humic and fulvic acids, molecular weights of humic acids – by 5.5 and 3.06 %; 0.05 g/cm3; 25.5 mm; 22.6 mm/h; 0.1 and 3 mg/100 g of soil; 0.03 pHH2O; 18 t/ha, 0.02 and 0.04 %, 91195 kDa, respectively. Fertilizers may contribute to the crop yields increase from by 60% in the Polissya, by 40 % – in the Forest Steppe, by 15 % – in the Wet Steppe, by 10 % – in the Dry Steppe and by 40 % – in the Irrigated Steppe areas. In soil-conservation rotations, the crop placement and alternation are advisable to combine with strips or hills sowing, taking into account the local relief features; soil alkalinization, applying anti-erosion structures. Ukrainian agriculture will receive additional 10–12 million tons of forage units or 20–22 % from all fodder in a fi eld agriculture under increasing 8–10 % of arable lands for intercrops. It is advisable to mulch the eroded chernozems of Ukraine depending on their texture composition: 1.3 t/ha of mulch for sandy and loamy soils, 1.9 t/ha – for sandy and 1.1 t/ha – for loamy soils. The implementation of soil conservation agriculture can minimize some soil degradation processes and improve eff ective soil properties required to realize the biological potential of cultivated plants. Key words: chernozem, degradation, fertility, soil conservation technologies, agriculture policy.

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