Examples of practical applications of computational models of heat, moisture and salt transport in the design of concrete structures

2002 ◽  
pp. 473-514
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Salt Transport ◽  
Practical Applications

Selective Use of High Performance Cementitious Composites in Concrete Structures

2008 ◽  
Vol 400-402 ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Christopher K.Y. Leung
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Cementitious Composites ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Concrete Members ◽  
High Performance Fiber ◽  
Cast Concrete ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Concrete Science

Recent advancements in concrete science and technology have made possible the development of high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites (HPFRCC) with excellent mechanical properties and long-term durability. However, the costs of these materials are many times that of conventional concrete and the construction of complete structures with them is hard to justify. The strategic application of high performance materials, in selected parts of concrete structures, can bring along higher performance/cost and wider acceptance of the material in practice. This paper will investigate several examples of selective HPFRCC application, including the fabrication of permanent formwork for durability enhancement, the replacement of steel reinforcements at the anchorage zone of post-tensioned members to relieve the steel congestion problem as well as the development of simple and narrow joints for pre-cast concrete members. Based on the experimental results obtained so far, the selected use of HPFRCC in concrete structures appears to have good potential for practical applications.

Three-dimensional images generated from diffuse ultrasound wave: detections of multiple cracks in concrete structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanyu Zhan ◽  
Hanwan Jiang ◽  
Ruinian Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Ultrasound Wave ◽  
Multiple Cracks ◽  
Scattering Media ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Sensitivity Kernel ◽  
Three Dimensional Images

The simultaneous detection of multiple defects in concrete structures is a task of pivotal importance for non-destructive testing and evaluation. Diffuse waves experiencing multiple scattering inside media are demonstrated to be sensitive to weak defects. Here, an analytic model is presented for diffuse wave decorrelation associated with sensitivity kernel that describes the time-of-flight distribution in strongly scattering environments. The model is then used for generating three-dimensional images that involve estimating perturbations at each localized position through an iterative, non-linear algorithm. With the consideration of loads and micro-cracks effects on diffuse waves, an application of the approach to a real-size concrete beam shows features that denote the positions and depths of multiple existing cracks. Extension of the approach to other strongly scattering media such as tissues and volcanos is straightforward. This study offers great potential for practical applications such as structural health monitoring, medical image generation, and seismic monitoring.

Advanced Active Prestressed CFRP in RCC Structures

2015 ◽  
Vol 1129 ◽  
pp. 290-297
Author(s):  
Gopal L. Rai
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Cfrp Laminates ◽  
Reinforced Polymer

. The need for rehabilitation of reinforced concrete structures is rapidly increasing. Fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials for concrete structures have high strength-to-weight ratios that can provide high prestressing forces while adding minimal additional weight to a structure. They also have good fatigue properties and exhibit low relaxation losses, both of which can increase the service lives and the load carrying capacities of reinforced concrete structures. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite system is integrated system based on carbon fibres and epoxy resins. By prestressing the CFRP laminates, the material is used more efficiently as a part of its tensile capacity is utilised and it contributes to the load bearing capacity under both service and ultimate load condition. This is an ideal technique as it combines the advantage of using noncorrosive and lightweight advanced composite material in the form of FRP laminates with high efficiency offered by external prestressing. An innovative mechanical anchorage system was developed to prestress the FRP laminates directly by jacking and reacting against the RCC structure.This paper describes the use of Prestressed CFRP laminates for strengthening of RCC structures including practical applications on slabs and bridges. Also it elucidates the post strengthening testing carried out for the validation of this technique.

Complexity of the BN and the PBN Models of GRNs and Mappings for Complexity Reduction

2010 ◽  
pp. 334-351
Author(s):  
Ivan V. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Dynamical Behavior ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Complexity Reduction ◽  
Boolean Networks ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Genomic Regulation ◽  
And Control

Constructing computational models of genomic regulation faces several major challenges. While the advances in technology can help in obtaining more and better quality gene expression data, the complexity of the models that can be inferred from data is often high. This high complexity impedes the practical applications of such models, especially when one is interested in developing intervention strategies for disease control, for example, preventing tumor cells from entering a proliferative state. Thus, estimating the complexity of a model and designing strategies for complexity reduction become crucial in problems such as model selection, construction of tractable sub-network models, and control of the dynamical behavior of the model. In this chapter we discuss these issues in the setting of Boolean networks and probabilistic Boolean networks – two important classes of network models for genomic regulatory networks.

6. Simulators

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-107
Author(s):  
Eberhard O. Voit
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Systems Biology ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Computational Systems Biology ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
Growth Simulation ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Computational Systems

Computational models can serve many purposes, but a particularly powerful application of a model is its use as a system simulator. An emerging branch of computational systems biology strives to develop simulators for complex systems in biology and medicine, the premier example being a disease simulator. ‘Simulators’ discusses the nascent efforts towards the development of simulators for practical applications. Disease simulators will deepen our understanding of the physiology of human diseases and their treatment. Simulators in metabolic engineering have the goal of improving the microbial production of bulk materials and of valuable organic compounds. Relatively simple simulators for the production of biofuels and for crop development, such as the Soybean Growth Simulation Model (SoySim), are already in use.

Seismic Response Analysis of CFRP Retrofitted Reinforced Concrete Structures

2013 ◽  
Vol 671-674 ◽  
pp. 1445-1457
Author(s):  
Bo Jin ◽  
De Feng Zu ◽  
Han Sheng Wu ◽  
Yongwu Gao
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Time History ◽  
Relative Displacement ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Damage Potential

The use of carbon reinforced polymer (CFRP) to provide lateral confinement for enhanced ductility and strength of reinforced concrete structures has been increasing. The present study, attempts to analytically investigate the effect of the layout of frame columns retrofitted with different layers of CFRP on the seismic performance and damage potential of structures under strong ground motion using realistic and efficient computational models. Based on the shaking table tests of several reinforced concrete (RC) flat slab beamless construction models, the seismic performance of structures strengthened with CFRP composites are investigated. The dynamic response of CFRP retrofitted structures and the components of the model, validation of the model, force-displacement relationship, relative displacement and the time history curves are studied. Then the rational effect of different CFRP layers is found.

(Q)SAR: A Tool for the Toxicologist

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Steinbach ◽  
Samantha Gad-McDonald ◽  
Naomi Kruhlak ◽  
Mark Powley ◽  
Nigel Greene
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Regulatory Decision ◽  
Societal Pressure ◽  
Sar Model ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

A continuing education (CE) course at the 2014 American College of Toxicology annual meeting covered the topic of (Quantitative) Structure–Activity Relationships [(Q)SAR]. The (Q)SAR methodologies use predictive computer modeling based on predefined rules to describe the relationship between chemical structure and a chemical’s associated biological activity or statistical tools to find correlations between biologic activity and the molecular structure or properties of a compound. The (Q)SAR has applications in risk assessment, drug discovery, and regulatory decision making. Pressure within industry to reduce the cost of drug development and societal pressure for government regulatory agencies to produce more accurate and timely risk assessment of drugs and chemicals have necessitated the use of (Q)SAR. Producing a high-quality (Q)SAR model depends on many factors including the choice of statistical methods and descriptors, but first and foremost the quality of the data input into the model. Understanding how a (Q)SAR model is developed and applied is critical to the successful use of such a tool. The CE session covered the basic principles of (Q)SAR, practical applications of these computational models in toxicology, how regulatory agencies use and interpret (Q)SAR models, and potential pitfalls of using them.

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