Adjusting New Initiatives to the Social Environment: Organizational Decision Making as Learning, Commitment Creating, and Behavior Regulation

2004 ◽  
pp. 233-242
Author(s):  
Mykhailo Mozhaiev ◽  
Pavlo Buslov

The results of the development of an information model for the personality’s social portrait formation are presented. The modelling has been carried out using OSINT technology that is the technology of legal obtaining and using open source information. In the result of the analysis, it has been found out that the social portrait is a heterogeneous semantic network consisting of personalized data. It has been defined that people organize formal and official communities of various orientations and the number of such communities associated with a particular person is practically unlimited. When formalizing the decision-making process, the concept of a group social portrait (GSP) has been introduced, which takes into account the community’s social tendencies united by certain common properties, group members' interpersonal interactions and their behavioural patterns. The obtained information models of personal and group social portraits let to take into account all the main properties of the objects under study, their tonality and significance, as well as to conduct an analysis of the implicit dependencies determination. The next step is to move on to considering the diversity of the digital social environment elements.


Author(s):  
Salvatore Di Dio ◽  
Barbara Lo Casto ◽  
Fabrizio Micari ◽  
Gianfranco Rizzo ◽  
Ignazio Vinci

This chapter presents the social innovation project “TrafficO2”, a support system for decision-making in the field of transportation that tries to push commuters towards more sustainable mobility by providing concrete incentives for each responsible choice. After focusing on Palermo, Italy, the context of this case study, this chapter provides a detailed description of the TrafficO2 model. Specifically, the chapter deals with the analysis of a selected sample of users among Palermo University students who commute daily to their respective University departments on campus. Starting from the modal split of the actual situation (Status Quo scenario), another behavior scenario (Do your right mix) is designed and promoted to encourage users to create a better mix of existing mobility means and reduce the use of private vehicles powered by combustibles. The first test that was performed confirmed the reliability of the initiative.


Author(s):  
Frédéric Adam

Network analysis, a body of research that concentrates on the social networks that connect actors in society, has been found to have many applications in areas where researchers struggle to understand the complex workings of organisations (Nohria, 1992). Social network analysis (SNA) acknowledges that individuals are characterised just as much by their relationships with one another (which is often neglected in traditional research) as by their specific attributes (Knoke & Kuklinski, 1982) and that, beyond individuals, society itself is made of networks (Kilduff & Tsai, 2003). It is the study of the relationships between actors and between clusters of actors in organisations and in society that has been labeled network analysis. These high level observations about network analysis indicate that this orientation has great potential for the study of how managers, groups of managers, and organisations make decisions, following processes that unfold over long periods of time and that are sometimes very hard to fully comprehend without reference to a network approach. This article proposes to investigate the potential application of network analysis to the study of individual and organizational decision making and to leverage its strengths for the design and development of better decision aids.


Semiotica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (220) ◽  
pp. 199-216
Author(s):  
Sabrina Bresciani ◽  
Martin J. Eppler

AbstractThis paper examines the collaborative use of visual argument maps in the context of argument production in organizations. Argument maps are highly multimodal, as their use involves the combination of diagrams, text elements, as well as spoken statements. In this theoretical piece, we apply a Collaborative Dimensions framework to argument maps that can be used to better design, understand, evaluate, and use argument maps in collaborative settings for decision making purposes. Specifically, our conceptual framework – derived from interdisciplinary perspectives – takes into consideration how the visual dimensions of argument maps have a bearing on the social interactions of people involved in a complex argumentation process. We posit that cognitive dimensions of argument maps need to be enriched with additional communicative and collaborative dimensions in order to foster a more widespread adoption of argument mapping in organizational decision making. In our socio-visual approach to argument mapping, we thus distinguish the following seven dimensions: Visual Insight, Outcome Clarity, Directed Focus, Perceived Finishedness, Visual Appeal, Content Modifiability, and Collaboration Support. We illustrate the use of the framework as an evaluation tool and analyze three different approaches to argument mapping with the help of the seven dimensions. In this way, the framework can be used to improve collaborative argument mapping. Our contribution thus lies in proposing an interdisciplinary and theoretically grounded set of factors to augment the quality of argument maps, both from a process and a results perspective. In this manner we hope to contribute to the theory of argumentation through the rich notion of “collaborative dimensions,” as well as further the practice of collaborative argument production through a more reflective and systematic use of interactive argument visualization.


Author(s):  
Kristīne Ķinēna

Social responsibility is a concept used across many field, for example, business, economics, political science, social and human science, etc. In every country has been made development plan,which is related to citizen's social responsibility and envionmental front. Every human daily routine begins with a sense of obligation and resposibility and action. People do not understand their actions and behavior of the direct consequences on the environment, other people and to ourselves.Conversely, by understanding ourselves as social and natural part, you can expect a long term positive results in the formation of responsibility and joint resposibility.This article deals with the concept of accountability structure and its relationship to the social environment.


2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 234-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Alós-Ferrer

Social neuroscience studies the “social brain,” conceived as the set of brain structures and functions supporting the perception and evaluation of the social environment. This article provides an overview of the field, using the book Social Neuroscience: Brain, Mind, and Society (Russell K. Schutt, Larry J. Seidman, and Matcheri S. Keshavan, editors) as a starting point. Topics include the evolution of the social brain, the concept of “theory of mind,” the relevant brain networks, and documented failures of the social brain. I argue that social neuroscience and economics can greatly benefit from each other because the social brain underlies interpersonal decision making, as studied in economics. (JEL D11, D71, D87, Z13)


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-340
Author(s):  
Oktia W. K. Handayani ◽  
Efa Nugroho ◽  
Bertakalswa Hermawati

Background: In 2017, Indonesia was ranked 6th in the world, with 10.3 million DM sufferers. Indonesia consists of many islands with diverse communities, diverse social and cultural environments, which allow different factors to affect the increasing number of DM cases. Objective: This research objective is to analyze the differences in the factors of the social environment, cultural environment, knowledge and behavior that are potential to DM in Java and outside Java. Methods: This research uses a quantitative approach with independent sample t-test data analysis techniques. The population was DM type 2 patients, with a sample size of 294 people. The technique was to determine the sample by accidental sampling in patients who seek treatment during prolanis (chronical disease management program) activities. The independent variables consist of social environment, cultural environment, knowledge and behavior. The dependent variable is DM disease. Data is equipped with qualitative data. Results: The results showed that there were differences between Javanese and Outer Java respondents on social environmental factors (t value 6.682), cultural environment (t value 5.752), knowledge (t value 7.079) and behavior (t value 16.579) with each Sig 0.000 value. All factors that are variables in this study have higher values in the Java region compared to those outside Java, and the highest difference is in the social environment variable (average difference of 3,979), which has an effect on very high behavioral differences (average differences average 6,037). Conclusion: It can be concluded that there are differences in the social environment, cultural environment, knowledge, and behavior that influence the incidence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesian society.


De Economist ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 167 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Vermeer ◽  
Maarten van Rooij ◽  
Daniel van Vuuren

Abstract Using a specifically designed survey, we investigate the role of the social network in shaping workers’ retirement preferences. We find that the preferred retirement age is influenced by the advice and retirement decisions of coworkers, family, and friends. Workers value in particular the advice of their spouse and children and take their personal circumstances into consideration. Responses to vignette questions imply that workers increase their preferred retirement age with on average 3 months in response to a 1 year increase in the retirement age of coworkers, family and friends. Workers are particularly willing to postpone retirement if the planned retirement age was below the statutory retirement age. The results suggest that advice of the social environment and factors like ‘social embeddedness’ or social norms likely play a role when it comes to retirement decision-making.


Author(s):  
Thomas Dolan

Increasingly, scholars are recognizing the influences of emotion on foreign policy decision-making processes. Not merely feelings, emotions are sets of sentimental, physiological, and cognitive processes that typically arise in response to situational stimuli. They play a central role in psychological and social processes that shape foreign policy decision-making and behavior. In recent years, three important areas of research on emotion in foreign policy have developed: one examining the effects of emotion on how foreign policy decision makers understand and think-through problems, another focused on the role of emotion in diplomacy, and a third that investigates how mass emotion develops and shapes the context in which foreign policy decisions are made. These literatures have benefitted greatly from developments in the study of emotion by psychologists, neuroscientists, and others. Effectively using emotion to study foreign policy, however, requires some understanding of how these scholars approach the study of emotion and other affective phenomena. In addition to surveying the literatures in foreign policy analysis that use emotion, then, this article also addresses definitional issues and the different theories of emotion common among psychologists and neuroscientists. Some of the challenges scholars of emotion in foreign policy face: the interplay of the psychological and the social in modelling collective emotions, the issues involved in observing emotions in the foreign policy context, the theoretical challenge of emotion regulation, and the challenge of winning broader acceptance of the importance of emotion in foreign policy by the broader scholarly community.


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