The impact of problem-based learning with argument mapping and online laboratory on scientific argumentation skill

<span lang="IN">Students in Indonesia still have the low level of scientific argumentation skills. </span><span lang="EN-AU">This </span><span lang="IN">study</span><span lang="IN">purposed</span><span lang="EN-AU"> to </span><span lang="IN">examine</span><span lang="EN-AU"> the </span><span lang="IN">impact of</span><span lang="EN-AU">Problem-based Learning (</span><span lang="IN">PBL</span><span lang="EN-GB">)</span><span lang="EN-AU"> with Argument Mapping and Online Laboratory in improving the scientific argumentation skill. </span><span lang="IN">It describes the significance of the differences between participants who learn through PBL, PBL</span><span lang="EN-AU"> with Online Laboratory (PBL-OL)</span><span lang="IN">, </span><span lang="EN-AU">Problem-based Learning with Argument Mapping and Online Laboratory (PBL-AMOL)</span><span lang="IN"> model. The population of this study were students from Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) Yogyakarta, Indonesia with a random sampling technique. This </span><span lang="EN-GB">was</span><span lang="IN"> quasi-experiment with pre and post test designs. In this study, there were 97 students at MAN 1 as </span><span lang="EN-GB">respondent</span><span lang="IN">. </span><span lang="EN-AU">Paired sample t-test, independent sample t-test and ANOVA mixed design was used to analysis data. The </span><span lang="IN">PBL-AMOL group has a significant difference based on pre-test and post-test (</span><span lang="IN">sig.<em> </em>0000). </span><span>T</span><span lang="IN">he PBL-AMOL was most effective to improve the skill with gain score 0.43 (medium)</span><span lang="EN-AU">.</span><span lang="IN"> Learning with the PBL-AMOL model can be an alternative to solve the problems of creative thinking skill.</span>

From movement into action to manner of causation: changes in argument mapping in the into-causative

Over the last 300 years, the into-causative (he talked his father into giving him money) increased in frequency and lexical diversity. Changes of this kind are often taken as evidence of functional expansion. From a Construction Grammar (CxG) perspective, this paper argues that what appears to be a loss of restrictions on the verbal slot results from changes in argument mapping links. As the construction provides the argument roles by mapping semantics (causer, causee, result) onto syntax (subject, object, oblique), stronger mapping links increasingly facilitated the use of verbs that are semantically and syntactically atypical for the expression of causation. Data from the Corpus of Historical American English confirm three predictions of this hypothesis with respect to shifts in (i) the semantic classes of matrix verbs, (ii) their general argument structure preferences, and (iii) voice-marking. The results provide evidence for a subtle semantic change from movement into action to manner of causation. The increase in frequency and productivity are hence explained as the consequence of the syntactic form becoming a more reliable cue for causative meaning. We discuss implications for models of language change against the background of current issues in Diachronic Construction Grammar (DCxG) pertaining to constructionalization vs. constructional change.

Argument Mapping to Improve Student's Mathematical Argumentation Skills

This study aims at investigating the difference in students' mathematical argumentation skills before and after the implementation of argument mapping in learning mathematics. It is a quasiexperiment with a quantitative approach. The population was the students of class X Natural Sciences Program in a state senior high school in Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia. 36 students were involved. The instrument was a mathematical argumentation skills test. Several components were established, adopted from the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy, namely identifying (C1), explaining (C2), drawing conclusions (C3), reducing/adding premises (C4), deducing (C5), and developing/constructing (C6). Students' mathematical argumentation skills were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test at 5% level of significance (∝ = 0.05). The findings of this study indicate that students' argumentation skills after the implementation of argument mapping is better than prior treatment (p = 0.002). It can be claimed that argument mapping is effective for improving such skills.

IMPROVING STUDENTS' CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS THROUGH ARGUMENT MAPPING-BASED GUIDED INQUIRY ON HUMAN EXCRETORY SYSTEM

This study aims to analyze the improvement of students’ critical thinking skills in the features of focus, supporting reasons, reasoning, organization, conventions and integration through the implementation of argument mapping-based guided inquiry learning models. Type of this research is classroom action research, a systematic inquiry with the goal of informing practice in particular situation which adopted Kemmis and McTaggart’s models which follows the cycle of planning, action, observation and reflection. It was conducted in class XI-Avenzoar of SMA Unggulan CT Foundation Deli Serdang in the academic year 2019/2020. The sampling technique was done by total sampling consisting of 24 students with a composition of 6 boys and 18 girls. The instrument used the essay tests adapted from Finken based on Illinois Critical Thinking Essay Test and argument mapping based on van Gelder on the concept of human excretory system. The data collection methods were included the interview, observation and documentation. The whole data was employed by descriptive analysis developed by Miles and Huberman which includes three concurrent activities, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the features of focus and reasoning from critical thinking skills tests in Cycle I obtained the highest score of all, while the features of supporting reasons and conventions obtained the lowest score and showed no improvement at all. Meanwhile in Cycle II, the features of focus and reasoning increased significantly and obtained the highest score as well. However, the feature of supporting reasons increased simultaneously but conventions still remained. It definitely showed that there was a significant improvement between groups in Cycle I (65.42) and Cycle II (80.21) from the average score of students’ critical thinking skills through their argument mapping grading. The aspects of argument mapping, such as claims, reasons, objections, rebuttals and debates improved well between these cycles. It was strongly suggested that argument mapping could enhance students’ critical thinking skills in Biology. From the results and discussion, it could be concluded that the implementation of the argument mapping-based guided inquiry learning models on the concept of human excretory system had a very positive and significant improvement on students’ critical thinking skills. The students’ critical thinking skills were in the high category.