Development of a successful institutional mechanism for arsenic screening in the Brahmaputra Floodplain in Assam

2012 ◽  
pp. 576-577
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Mechanism ◽  
Brahmaputra Floodplain

Eurobonds: Three Lessons from China’s “Debt Centralization/Decentralization” Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyong An
Keyword(s):  
Moral Hazard ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Budget Constraint ◽  
Sovereign Debt Crisis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Institutional Mechanism ◽  
Previous Series

Abstract Eurobonds, dubbed as Coronabonds in the context of the current coronavirus crisis, are being hotly debated among the euro area member states amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The debate is in many ways a retread of the euro area sovereign debt crisis of 2011–2012. As China’s “debt centralization/decentralization” experience is comparable with the introduction of Eurobonds in the European Union (EU) in terms of institutional mechanism design, we review our previous series of studies of China’s “debt centralization/decentralization” experience to shed some light on the Eurobonds debate. We obtain three key lessons. First, the introduction of Eurobonds in EU is likely to soften the budget constraint of the governments of the euro area member states. Second, it is also likely to strengthen the moral hazard incentives of the governments of the euro area member states to intentionally overstate their budget problems. Finally, the magnitudes of the moral hazard effects generated by the introduction of Eurobonds in EU are likely larger than their respective counterparts in China.

scholarly journals Soil Nutrient Status of Brahmaputra Floodplain Area in Tangail Sadar Upazila for Agricultural Uses

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
MAM Hossen ◽  
SA Lira ◽  
MY Mia ◽  
AKMM Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Nutrient Status ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
P Content ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Floodplain Area ◽  
Very High ◽  
Brahmaputra Floodplain

Soil samples from high land, medium high land, medium low land and low land of Brahmaputra Floodplain area showed that pH of the soils were slightly acidic; organic matter (OM) content was medium; total nitrogen (N), available potassium (K) and boron (B) content were low; available phosphorus (P) content was very low; available sulfur (S) and calcium (Ca) content were medium to very high; magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) content were low to optimum; copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) content were very high suggesting the fact that soils of this area is moderately suitable for agricultural uses.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(2): 11-14 2015

Allowing the Poor to Share the Earth

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Pogge
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Global Fund ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Institutional Mechanism ◽  
Natural Resource Depletion

AbstractTwo of the greatest challenges facing humanity are environmental degradation and the persistence of poverty. Both can be met by instituting a Global Resources Dividend (GRD) that would slow pollution and natural-resource depletion while collecting funds to avert poverty worldwide. Unlike Hillel Steiner's Global Fund, which is presented as a fully just regime governing the use of planetary resources, the GRD is meant as merely a modest but widely acceptable and therefore realistic step toward justice. Paula Casal has set forth various ways in which this step might be improved upon. Solid counter-arguments can be given to her criticisms and suggestions. But to specify the best (effective and realizable) design of an appropriate global institutional mechanism with some confidence, economists, political scientists, jurists, environmental scientists, and activists would need to be drawn in to help think through the immense empirical and political complexities posed by this urgent task.

Institutional Mechanism

2018 ◽  
pp. 84-102
Author(s):  
Sandeeka Mannakkara ◽  
Suzanne Wilkinson ◽  
Regan Potangaroa
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Mechanism

scholarly journals Institutional Mechanism for Ensuring Economic Security and Investment in an Inter-Sectoral Regional Complex

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 121-130
Author(s):  
V. V. Akberdina ◽  
O. P. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Sustainable Operation ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Institutional Mechanism

The relevance of the research is caused by the need to form a high-quality concept of a system for management and forecasting of the socio-economic development of the sectoral and inter-sectoral complex of a region. The subject of the research is the methods for forecasting the economic security under conditions of uncertainty. The purpose of the research was to consider and evaluate a model of dynamic integration of economic security for a regional inter-sectoral complex under uncertainty conditions based on the institutional approach principles. The paper analyzes the vectors of structural changes in the regional inter-sectoral complex that includes the mining, manufacturing and construction industries. A methodology for predicting the impact of the digital economy on the economic security of the regional inter-sectoral complex is considered. A new model of forecasting the economic security of the above-mentioned complex was built to be used as a tool for regulating the socio-economic development at the regional level. A set of key conditions for the development of an institutional mechanism to ensure the economic security of the region in terms of its sustainable operation and withstanding internal and external threats and risks were formed. In turn, the institutional concept of the economic security mechanism involves constant selection, analysis and evaluation of judgments about the economic security of a region, country or economic entity. This task is achieved by comparing the numerous characteristics of economic activity. The paper concludes that the proposed method of forecasting using econometric models makes it possible to assess the economic security of a regional inter-sectoral complex and timely respond to negative performance indicators.

scholarly journals THE NEED FOR TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE PRODUCE MARKETS: EVIDENCE FROM PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (03) ◽  
pp. 767-773
Author(s):  
Ehsan Bhutta
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Agricultural Marketing ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Improve Efficiency ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Tube Wells ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Institutional Mechanism

The evolution of high-yielding varieties of seeds, increasing use of fertilizers, pesticides, installation of tube-wells and mechanization has increased the agricultural productivity (AP). An efficient agricultural marketing (AM) system increases the growth of agri-business and improves the economic growth. More recently, research has shown that agriculture growth cannot be realized without well- functioning agricultural produce markets (APMs).In Pakistan, however, development of APMs largely remained neglected because of overriding emphasis of public policies on enhancing AP. Consequently, APMs could not be developed adequately and imperfections in the legal structure, management and operations of these markets have limited their performance. A survey was conducted in nine districts of the Punjab province having interviews with staff of market committees (MCs-90), commission-agents (CAs-90), whole-sellers (WS-90) and retailers (RT-90). The results reflect that there is an urgent need for amending legal and institutional mechanism for making APMs efficient. The study will help academia and policy makers to improve efficiency of APMs in the province

Coalition Policymaking and Legislative Review

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
LANNY W. MARTIN ◽  
GEORG VANBERG
Keyword(s):  
Agency Problems ◽  
Coalition Government ◽  
Parliamentary Democracies ◽  
Legislative Review ◽  
Institutional Mechanism ◽  
Legislative Institutions

Political scientists know remarkably little about the extent to which legislatures are able to influence policymaking in parliamentary democracies. In this article, we focus on the influence of legislative institutions in periods of coalition government. We show that multiparty governments are plagued by “agency” problems created by delegation to cabinet ministers that increase in severity on issues that divide the coalition. We also argue that the process of legislative review presents an important—but understudied—institutional opportunity for coalition partners to overcome these tensions. We evaluate our argument using original legislative data on over 300 government bills collected from two parliamentary democracies. The central implication of our findings is that legislatures play a more important role in parliamentary democracies than is usually appreciated by providing a key institutional mechanism that allows coalition partners with divergent preferences to govern successfully.

International eia Law and Geoengineering: Do Emerging Technologies Require Special Rules?

Climate Law ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 111-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Craik
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessment ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Global Commons ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Special Rules ◽  
Current Risk ◽  
Institutional Mechanism

This article explores the adequacy of the international rules on environmental impact assessment to contribute to geoengineering governance, with a focus on three fundamental challenges. First, the near-universal trigger for eia is the likelihood of significant environmental impact, which may prove to be insufficiently precautionary in light of current risk preferences surrounding geoengineering. Second, the scope of eia has traditionally focused narrowly on the assessment of direct physical impacts; however, many of the concerns that geoengineering research raises relate to environmental and social risks associated with downstream technological implications. A third and related challenge is the consultation requirements under eia laws, which focus on affected states and affected members of the public. Because many geoengineering activities are anticipated to impact the global commons, there is no clear institutional mechanism for implementing notification and consultation. Additionally, the broader sets of concerns that geoengineering raises are spatially unbounded, again making the identification of consultation partners uncertain. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of the challenges and limitations of the rules of eia for geoengineering.

INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM FOR DEVELOPMENT OF UNIVERSITY AND REGION BASED ON ECOSYSTEM APPROACH

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 98-107
Author(s):  
T. V. TERENTYEVA ◽  
◽  
A. A. VERTINOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Joint Development ◽  
Joint Activities ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Common Goals ◽  
The University ◽  
Institutional Mechanism

The ecosystem approach to the development of the university and the region allows us to consider not only the joint activities of the region and the university, but also their joint development (co-development) on the basis of common goals provided for in the strategies of socio-economic development of the regions, development strategies and missions of universities. Based on the analysis of the literature carried out by the authors of this article, an institutional mechanism for the co-development of the university and the region was formed, which is a set of their connections, expressed in the performance of roles, regarding the inclusion of the region in the activities of the university and vice versa.

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