The effect of the method of management and training grape bushes on the indicators of planting fertility and productivity

В настоящее время на промышленных виноградниках в различных регионах России возделывается множество разновидностей технических сортов винограда. Проведено сравнение двух технических сортов, возделываемых в условиях Нижнего Придонья, дана оценка влияния способов ведения и формирования кустов этих сортов при индустриальной технологии выращивания (схема посадки - 3 х 1,5 м) на количество и качество урожая: неукрывных высокоштамбовых насаждений технического сорт Кристалл венгерской селекции и сорта винограда межвидового происхождения Цветочный, выведенного во ВНИИВиВ им Я.И. Потапенко. Полученные в ходе исследований данные позволяют сравнить влияние различных способов ведения, типов формировки кустов и их нагрузки побегами на показатели плодоносности насаждений, а также количество и качество полученного урожая. Показавшие лучшие результаты способы ведения и формирования кустов для климатической зоны Нижнего Придонья могут быть рекомендованы к использованию. В насаждениях сорта Кристалл рекомендуется использовать малую чашевидную и 2-рукавную высокоштамбовую формировку кустов; в насаждениях сорта Цветочный - зигзагообразный кордон и Y-образную формировку, с увеличением нагрузки до 35 побегов на куст при схеме посадки 3 х 1,5 м. Рекомендуемые способы ведения и формировки кустов винограда сортов Кристалл и Цветочный позволят получать стабильные и качественные урожаи. Currently, a wide range of wine grape varieties is cultivated in industrial vineyards of various regions of Russia. We compared two wine varieties cultivated in the conditions of the Lower Don region, and assessed the effect of methods of bush management and training these varieties with industrial cultivation technology (planting scheme - 3 x 1.5m) on the quantity and quality of the yield: open-earth high-head plantings of wine variety ‘Cristall’ of Hungarian selection and the variety of interspecific origin ‘Tsvetochniy’, bred in the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking named after Ya.I.Potapenko. The data obtained in the course of the research allow us to compare the effect of different management methods, types of bush training and loading with shoots on the indicators of plant fertility, as well as the quantity and quality of the obtained yield. The methods of management and training bushes for the climatic zone of the Lower Don region with better results can be recommended for introduction. For the ‘Cristall’ plantings, it is recommended to use a small cup-shaped and two-armed high-stem bush training; for the ‘Tsvetochniy’ plantings - a zigzag cordon and a Y-shaped bush training with loading increase up to 35 shoots per bush, and a planting scheme - 3 x 1.5 m. The recommended methods of management and training grape bushes of wine varieties ‘Cristall’ and ‘Tsvetochniy’ will make it possible to obtain stable and high-quality yields.

Giluyskaya Hydropower – new approach to project development

Multivariate water-power calculations were carried out and the main parameters of the reservoired Gilyuyskaya HPP were justified. The Gilyuy river is located in the Amur Region of the Far Eastern Federal District and is a right tributary of the Zeya River. The mouth of the Gilyuy river is located above the power site of Zeyskaya HPP. Based on the water-power calculations, it was found that the most efficient way is to use live storage capacity of 3.13 km3 and the turbine flow rate of HPP equal to 268 m3/s. The installed power capacity of Giluyskaya HPP is justified on the basis of maximizing the net present value and is assumed to be 213 MW. Hydropower has three hydraulic units with radial-axial turbine RO115with impeller diameter of 3.35 m and synchronous speed of 214.3rpm.The high-head water power development includes as follows: a concrete gravity dam, a concrete spillway dam with nappe-shaped profile, a concrete power dam with three water inlets and three steel pipelines with a diameter of 4 m, as well as HPP building. The HPP building is 48.68 m long and consists of three hydropower units with a width of 16.23 m. The length of the tent of HPP building along the flowstream is 18.5 m. The assembly area is 24.34 m long.

Effect of Cross-section Geometry on Air-Demand Ratio in High-head Conduits With Sluice Gate

When the researches on the gated conduits were examined, it was determined that the air-demand ratio changed according to the hydraulic and geometric parameters. However, no study investigated the effect of the cross-section geometry of gated conduits on the air-demand ratio. In this study, the effect of conduit cross-section geometry on the air-demand ratio was examined. Results showed that conduit cross-section geometry was an important effect on the air-demand ratio especially at 10% and 15% gate opening rates. It was seen that the effect of the conduit geometry on the air-demand ratio decreased at 20%, and greater gate opening rates. In addition, a design formula related to the gate opening rate, Froude number, hydraulic radius, and conduit length was presented for estimating the air-demand ratio.

Protection and Guidance of Downstream Moving Fish with Electrified Horizontal Bar Rack Bypass Systems

Horizontal bar rack bypass systems (HBR-BS) are characterized by a horizontal bar rack (HBR) with narrow clear bar spacing of 10–20 mm and an adjacent bypass (BS) to efficiently protect and guide downstream moving fish at water intakes. The small bar spacing may lead to operational challenges, such as clogging and high head losses. This study investigated whether combining an HBR with a low-voltage electric field (e-HBR) allows one to increase the clear bar spacing while maintaining a high standard of fish protection and guidance efficiency. To this end, an HBR-BS with 20 mm bar spacing and an e-HBR-BS with 20 and 51 mm bar spacing were tested with spirlin (Alburnoides bipunctatus) and European eel (Anguilla anguilla) in a laboratory flume. The racks were electrified with 38 V pulsed direct current. The protection efficiency of the e-HBR with 51 mm was 96% for spirlin and 86% for eels, which are similar results to those of the HBR with 20 mm. Some eels passed through the e-HBR, but only when they were parallel to the rack. Fish injuries of variable severeness due to the electrification were observed. The results highlight the potential of hybrid barriers for the protection of downstream moving fish. However, fish injuries due to electricity may occur; and reporting applied voltage, electrode geometry, resulting electric field strength and the pulse pattern of the electrified rack setup is necessary to ensure comparability among studies and to avoid injuries.