The Division of Attitudes to GM Food between the North and South of Europe

April 1, 2001 marked the fourth anniversary of the Stockholm Agreement (SA), a period during which almost 80% of the roll-on/roll-off (Ro-Ro) fleet in North West Europe have been subjected to calculations, model testing and numerical simulations in the struggle to meet these demanding new requirements. The experience gained has been invaluable in understanding better the problem at hand and is being utilized to shape new developments likely to lead to more meaningful requirements. The North-South divide, however, continues to cause unrest, particularly at the European level. Efforts to assess the status quo in North West Europe, and to use the information amassed so far as a means to predict the potential impact of introducing the SA in the South, led to a dedicated call by the Commission and to a contract being awarded to two closely collaborating teams, one at the Ship Stability Research Centre of the University of Strathclyde under the leadership of Professor Vassalos and one at the Ship Design Laboratory of the National Technical University of Athens, under the leadership of Professor Papanikolaou, representing the North and South of Europe, respectively. This background provided the incentive for an introspective look at the SA, with a view to ascertaining its status before embarking into future projections. This forms Part 1 of the SA related research with Part 2 aiming to cover the results of the Commission study itself.

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A functional comparison of patients with schizophrenia between the North and South of Europe

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.02.016 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 442-444 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

L. Helldin ◽

R. Cavallaro ◽

S. Galderisi

Keyword(s):

The North ◽

North And South ◽

South Of Europe

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Plasma Thrombin-Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor Antigen Concentration and Genotype in Relation to Myocardial Infarction in the North and South of Europe

Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology ◽

10.1161/01.atv.0000015445.22243.f4 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 867-873 ◽

Cited By ~ 108

Author(s):

I. Juhan-Vague ◽

P.E. Morange ◽

H. Aubert ◽

M. Henry ◽

M.F. Aillaud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Antigen Concentration ◽

Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor ◽

The North ◽

Fibrinolysis Inhibitor ◽

North And South ◽

South Of Europe

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Effect of Interleukin-6 promoter polymorphisms in survivors of myocardial infarction and matched controls in the North and South of Europe

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1160/th04-04-0202 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 92 (11) ◽

pp. 1122-1128 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Daniel Kelberman ◽

E. Hawe ◽

L. A. Luong ◽

Vidya Mohamed-Ali ◽

Pia Lundman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Regional Difference ◽

Northern Europe ◽

The South ◽

Promoter Polymorphisms ◽

The North ◽

Increased Risk ◽

North And South ◽

South Of Europe ◽

European Group

SummaryElevated plasma IL-6 levels have been implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease. We have investigated the association of two polymorphisms in the promoter of IL-6 (-572G>C and -174G>C) with levels of inflammatory markers and risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in a European study of MI survivors and age-matched controls from two high-risk centres in the North of Europe, and two low risk centres in the South. IL-6 and CRP levels were similar in controls in both regions, but were higher in cases. For the -174G>C polymorphism the rare -174C allele showed a regional difference in allele frequency, being more common in the North European group (0.43 vs 0.28; p < 0.0005), where -174C allele carriers showed an apparent reduced risk of MI compared to -174GG homozygotes (OR 0.53, 95%CI 0.32, 0.86). No such effect was observed in the South or with the -572G>C in either group. Neither genotype was associated with a significant effect on plasma IL-6 levels in either cases or controls. Furthermore, no regional difference was observed in the frequency of the -572G>C SNP, suggesting that these polymorphisms are unlikely to be contributing to the observed increased risk of cardiovascular disease in Northern Europe.

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