Territory of mining-industrial development as an object of recreation in the Far East federal region

The main industry in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is the mining industry, which will continue to expand in the future. Already today there are quite a lot of investment projects for the development of minerals in the Arctic, North-West and South Yakutia, which will be implemented in the territories of indigenous minorities of the North. Indigenous Evens, Evenks, Yukaghirs make up 4.2% of the total population of the republic and are characterized by low genetic diversity, which can lead to negative consequences in relation to their health status when exposed to technogenic pollution. Purpose of the study: assessment of the state of life of indigenous minorities of the North in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) under the conditions of a new stage of industrial development of territories of traditional nature management. The planned increasing industrial development of territories of traditional nature management can cause large-scale disturbances of the earth’s surface, depletion of biological resources, environmental pollution, which will ultimately lead to deterioration in the quality of life of the population. In order to take measures to prevent and reduce the negative impacts of industrial development of the territories of residence and traditional activities of indigenous minorities of the North, when implementing new projects, the expert commission recommends concluding a trilateral agreement on cooperation and financing of specific programs between industrial companies, government bodies of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and authorized representatives of indigenous minorities of the North. Research area—the position of indigenous minorities of the North in the conditions of industrial development of the North, Siberia and the Far East. This study looks at the impact of industrial development on the natural environment and the traditional way of life of indigenous population. Compensation for damage to the nomadic tribal communities of reindeer herders has taken place. Only about 250 thousand representatives of 40 indigenous peoples live in these regions, who are included in the official list of indigenous minorities of the North, Siberia and the Far East.

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Far East: how to stop the outflow of people and make it attractive? (Polemical reflections)

Level of Life of the Population of Regions of Russia ◽

10.19181/lsprr.2021.17.3.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 299-313

Author(s):

Yury Avdeev

Keyword(s):

Professional Growth ◽

Industrial Development ◽

Spatial Organization ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Far East ◽

High Standard ◽

Role Playing ◽

World City ◽

Asia Pacific ◽

The Far East

The article discusses issues related to the trend of population loss in the Far East, how it affects the economy and living standards of the population, assess measures to contain outflows, formulate tasks that can make the region attractive to investors, the population, and those who want to come here. Causal links between the region's economic specialization and social living conditions are assessed. Efforts to improve life without changing the structure of production do not produce the desired result. It is argued that a change in the economic model, the transition from export-raw materials to industrial development, can change the nature of demographic processes and migration sentiments. Changing the economic paradigm opens the possibility to form a need for absolute population growth, to move from the task of "savings" to the multiplication of the people. The most important components of the new model: integration ties with the Asia-Pacific region, involvement in these processes economic and scientific, and technological potential of Russia, setting priorities. These are activities aimed at the development of the oceans and Cosmos, and Culture, where the country retains credibility in the world community, can be most effectively implemented leadership positions. A critical assessment of the existing spatial organization of life and activities in the Far East is needed. It is proposed to discuss adjustments to the administrative-territorial division, reducing the number of subjects of the federation, uniting or re-reporting some of them. The role-playing functions of the largest cities in the Far East, their specialization, and cooperation are discussed. The national task is proposed to assess the possibilities of forming a World City in eastern Russia in the future. This approach changes the perception of the Far East as a colonial-raw suburb, positioning it at the forefront of interaction with dynamic economies, where the potential for professional growth is superior to other regions of the country and is the main condition for achieving a high standard of living.

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Urbanization of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia and the Far East (20th to Early 21st Centuries)

Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia ◽

10.17746/1563-0110.2021.49.4.127-139 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 127-139

Author(s):

V. V. Nikolaev ◽

I. V. Oktyabrskaya

Keyword(s):

Indigenous Peoples ◽

Urban Space ◽

Industrial Development ◽

Large Scale ◽

Far East ◽

Indigenous Communities ◽

Russian Population ◽

Population Census ◽

Social Transformations ◽

The Far East

This article integrates studies relating to the history of urban communities of Siberian and Far Eastern indigenous peoples. A multidisciplinary approach to urbanization processes is used; their stages, rates, causes, and principal characteristics are analyzed. The database consists of our own fi eld fi ndings, published results of sociological studies, and those of All-Union and All-Russian population censuses. Three stages of urbanization affecting indigenous Siberians are described, and their factors and mechanisms are evaluated. The process is characterized by intense migration of indigenous peoples to the towns and cities during the recent period, accompanied by large-scale industrial development, and the transition of aboriginal societies from the traditional to the modern lifestyle. The urbanization, however, has not been completed, because of the underdeveloped urban infrastructure and the fact that many indigenous peoples to the cities had retained their rural traditions. The sa lient characteristic of the urbanization of indigenous peoples in the macroregion is that it was asynchronous, and that its sh ort intense phase, whereby the indigenous peoples mostly moved to nearby towns and urbanized villages in the 1960s–1970s, did not extend to all indigenous communities. Urbanization was incomplete in terms of both quality and quantity, and the integration of indigenous peoples into the urban space has engendered serious problems. According to the All-Russian population census of 2010, only fi ve indigenous peoples of Siberia and the Far East had completed the urbanization process: Kereks, Mansi, Nivkhs, Uilta and Shors. Currently, most indigenous peoples are medium-urbanized. The lowest level of urbanization is among the Soyots, Siberian Tatars, Telengits, Tofalars, Tubalars, Chelkans, Chulyms, and Tozhu Tuvans. We conclude that urbanization among the indigenous peoples is a long, diffi cult, and contradictory process, which, in modern Siberia, triggers many ethnocultural and ethno-social transformations of regional multiethnic communities.

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“To Have General and Particular Land Maps”: Documents of the “Drafting” Ural Mining Administration of the 1720s–30s: Source Studies Analysis

Herald of an Archivist ◽

10.28995/2073-0101-2021-4-983-996 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 983-996

Author(s):

Tsemenkova Svetlana I. ◽

Keyword(s):

Industrial Development ◽

System Analysis ◽

18Th Century ◽

Initial Period ◽

Far East ◽

The Far East ◽

Source Studies ◽

History Of ◽

Mine Surveying ◽

Archival Study

The article presents the results of a historical and archival study carried out with the aim of reconstructing the composition of the cartographic fond of the Ural Mining Administration (Siberian Ober-bergamt) formed in the initial period of its activity in the 1720s–30s. The information potential of cartographic documents of this period is high: visual and graphic sources complement clerical narratives and allow the researcher to visualize the implementation of state measures in the field of industrial development of the territories from the Vyatka to the Far East. These documents are now a part of the fond 59 “Drawing office of the Ural Mining Administration.” Using methods of cartographic source studies, principles of historicism and system analysis, and tools of archival heuristics has allowed the author to reveal the history of the cartographic documents creation, to determine their number, composition, content, and authorship. Data from clerical sources of the first third of the 18th century has helped to identify the original composition of the cartographic documents of the Siberian ober-bergamt and to establish the degree of their preservation. As a result, it has been determined that out of 177 documents that were part of the “Drawing” mining administration in 1734, 66 cartographic documents have survived to this day. Additional research has shown that some of the documents were lost in the 1840s and in the 1920s. The publication presents a classification proposed by the author for the identified pictorial and graphic documents. These are the following key groups in the “Drawing” collection: general geographic (land maps), special or thematic (mine surveying, urban planning documentation, maps-schemes of land and forest disposal), and scientific and technical documents. The design features of each documents group are analyzed; the specifics of their content and design are disclosed. It is shown that studying the information potential of cartographic documents allows us a deeper understanding of the specifics and geography of the Ural mining administration activities in the initial period of its existence and helps to supplement the biographies of its officials.

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Урбанизация российского Дальнего Востока: Амурская область в 1989–2019 гг.

BULLETIN OF THE KALMYK INSTITUTE FOR HUMANITIES OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ◽

10.22162/2619-0990-2021-53-1-87-102 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 87-102

Author(s):

Anatoliy S. Breslavsky ◽

Keyword(s):

Industrial Development ◽

Far East ◽

Amur Oblast ◽

Russian Government ◽

Oil Pipeline ◽

Railway Line ◽

The North ◽

The Far East ◽

Regional Budget ◽

Urban Settlements

Introduction. Accelerated development of the Far East has been — and still is — one of the main priorities of Russia’s regional policy in the 2010s. The cities and urban agglomerations of the region are proclaimed by the Russian government as key basic points of further economic growth in this part of the country. At the same time, despite the efforts of the federal and regional authorities, the processes of urbanization in most regions of the Far East are still in crisis. Goals. The study aims to analyze the results of the Soviet urbanization in Amur Oblast and the dynamics of urbanization processes in the region over the past three decades. Materials and Methods. Analyzing official statistical data, as well as statutory instruments at the national, regional and local levels, the paper uses a set of general scientific methods, the statistical method, and special methods of historical research, in particular, the problem-chronological one. Results. The entire system of urban settlements in Amur Oblast experienced a dramatic socioeconomic, infrastructural and demographic crisis in the 1990-2010s. Even the first half of the 1990s witnessed a weakening of urbanization processes and an outflow of population from the region caused by the restructuring and crisis of production, the weakening of state social policy, a decrease in investments in the engineering and household development of territories, and insufficient solution of housing problems. In the structure of urban settlements, the greatest changes have affected workmen’s settlements most of which have lost the prospects for industrial development. In the early 2010s, the development of urban settlements in the region was still constrained by a number of economic factors (the regional budget deficit and its dependence on federal subsidies, the ongoing production crisis of most of the city-forming enterprises, etc.). Large infrastructure projects in the region (construction of the Vostochny Cosmodrome, Power of Siberia gas pipeline, Eastern Siberia–Pacific Ocean oil pipeline, creation of advanced development areas) have supported urban settlements of the region’s industrial center in the 2010s. However, cities and towns in the north of the region have not received tangible sources of growth as a result of the Baikal–Amur Mainline project crisis. Conclusions. By the end of the 2010s, the general crisis of urbanization processes in the region resulted in that the network of urban settlements acquired more linear features — along the Trans-Siberian railway line — that be accompanied by concentrate resettlement towards Blagoveshchensk.

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