On the problems of application of customary law in the criminal prosecution of persons of small indigenous peoples of the north

The subject of the study is the problems of application of the norms of criminal law stipulating responsibility for environmental crimes against representatives of persons of small indigenous minorities of the North, the essence of which is the conflict between the positive law and the customary law of these peoples. The purpose of the study is to analyze the causes of this conflict, as well as to substantiate the necessity of applying the norms of customary law of indigenous peoples of the North in their criminal prosecution for environmental crimes. As a result of the study, the assumption is made that knowledge of the norms of customary law by law enforcement officials will allow to relieve social tension between the indigenous peoples of the North and the law enforcement agencies. That is why it is necessary to begin work on the formation of a code of customary law, as well as recommendations for its application, which could become a document to be used as a recommendation for law enforcement bodies in their decision-making.

Metaphor in education

This special issue explores the use of metaphor in education from a multilingual perspective in two Scandinavian countries, Norway and Sweden. In this introduction, we include a brief overview of earlier research in the domain and identify common factors noteworthy to discuss in relation to the multilingual context, for instance, the notion of creativity and speaker legitimacy in a second language context. The issue includes six articles comprising multilingual school children, youth, university students, adult migrants, and indigenous minorities. Several of the articles focus on second language acquisition, use and assessment, while others deal more with social issues, including unequal power relations and prejudices that newcomers encounter in everyday life.

Biographies of the ‘Kuravar’ in Tamil Short Stories

In history, there are many categories of grassroots socialized minorities can be found, the particular attention in which ‘narikuravars’ alone have received except the other indigenous minorities in the mass environment. However, this situation has now become slightly changed. There are other various indigenous ethnic minorities have been coming out of the recent conversation that is because of internet connectivity of the environment which makes so viable. Moreover when compared to other ethnic minorities the narcissists sufferings and afflictions are very tragic one.

Рroblems of the Judicialprotecting the Rights of the Indigenous Peoples of the Far East to Traditional Fisheries

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problems of protecting the right of indigenous peoples of the Far East to traditional fishing. To improve the legal regulation in this area, according to the author of the article, will allow the development of special procedures for resolving disputes with the participation of indigenous minorities, as well as amending the legislation of the Russian Federation regulating the rules of traditional fishing for indigenous minorities.

Features of the activities of the ombudsmen for the protection of the rights of indigenous minorities: foreign experience

The article proposes an analysis of legislation and scientific research on the legal status of indigenous small peoples in foreign countries. Particular attention is paid to the types of public authorities and ombudsmen, the specifics of their legal status and the powers to protect the rights of indigenous peoples in different States. Specific mechanisms for the action of the law, in particular Aboriginal law based on the use of religious and moral traditions of small peoples, are proposed. Among the aspects of the legal protection of the child's interests are the discussion points of the independence of the legal status of the child and its implementation externally, including in the context of the implementation of parental rights. A special place is given to the problem of the law-making of public bodies created by indigenous peoples themselves.

Respondents’ View on the Study of Ethnocultural Subjects in General Education Organizations of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra: On the Example of the Cities of Kogalym and Langepas

The article considers the need of educational institutions of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra (on the example of the cities of Kogalym and Langepas) to teach ethnocultural subjects. This problem is also relevant for the region under consideration, where the indigenous small peoples of the North of Khanty, Mansi and Forest Nenets live. The purpose of this work is to study the state of studying the native language and ethnocultural subjects in general education institutions of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra, the request of parents of schoolchildren from among the indigenous small peoples of the North for ethnocultural subjects. The tasks of the work are to identify the state of study of the native language and ethnocultural subjects in general education institutions and to determine the need of parents of schoolchildren from among the indigenous small peoples of the North for ethnocultural subjects. The object of the study was the parents of schoolchildren from among the indigenous small peoples of the North living in the cities of the Autonomous Okrug. The main method of our research is questionnaire. Results: just over half of respondents (50.9%) believe that teaching their native language and subjects with ethnocultural content will to some extent help preserve the traditional culture of the indigenous minorities peoples of the North. Among the respondents in Langepas, pessimistic assessments prevail; in Kogalym (68.9%), the majority of respondents believe in the role of teaching ethnocultural subjects. Only 36.8% of respondents want their children to study ethnocultural subjects at school.

Economic Behaviour Strategies of the Northern Small-Numbered Indigenous Peoples and their Impact on Subjective Well-Being

Russian academic literature is characterised by a lack of data on the features of the economic behaviour of representatives of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia, and the Far East of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as ISNPN, the indigenous minorities). Nevertheless, economic, environmental, geopolitical, and social changes in the Arctic region of Russia make it extremely relevant to study the process of transformation of the economic behaviour of these peoples. The article presents the results of a study of the main strategies of economic behaviour of the indigenous peoples (Nenets, Dolgans, Itelmens, Koryaks, Nivkhs, Chukchi, and Evens) and the impact of these strategies on their subjective well-being. In this way, factor analysis made it possible to identify 4 factors that can be interpreted as independent strategies of the economic behaviour of the ISNPN: the saving strategy based on financial knowledge and activity; the strategy of independent financial achievements; the restrictive strategy in the economic sphere based on rationality and independence, and the strategy of hired labour. The article notes that the regression analysis demonstrated particular importance of the saving strategy based on financial knowledge and activity, which makes the greatest contribution to increasing subjective well-being of the indigenous peoples. It has been noted that a peculiarity of the economic behaviour of the ISNPN representatives is the predominance of an orientation towards savings and rationality in almost all identified strategies. The results of the study are summarised in the conclusion, and a deduction about the significant role of increasing financial literacy in improving subjective well-being of indigenous minorities is drawn

Ethnopedagogical practices of preservation and reproduction of the traditional culture of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North and Siberia (the case of Krasnoyarsk region)

Introduction. The relevance of the study is determined by the search for new pedagogical technologies for the formation, preservation and reproduction of traditional cultural values in the socio-cultural space of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North and Siberia. The social transformation processes experienced today by these nations predetermine the need to change the main pedagogical approaches to preservation of their traditional culture. The purpose of the article is the analysis of modern ethnopedagogical practices aimed at formation of favourable educational environment for children belonging to indigenous minorities of the North and Siberia living in Krasnoyarsk region. Materials and methods: 1) fieldwork in places of compact residence of Dolgans, Selkups, Evenks, 2) quantitative analysis of the content of 14 web resources devoted to the traditional culture of Evenks, Dolgans, Selkups; 3) organisation of 12 semi-structured interviews with experts in the field of education and culture of small-numbered indigenous peoples of the North and Siberia; 4) questioning of 650 Evenks living in Krasnoyarsk region; 5) comparative analysis of the factual survey results. Results. A survey of 7 northern settlements of Krasnoyarsk region inhabited by indigenous minorities of the North and Siberia was carried out; the survey revealed a low degree of native language proficiency among the Evenks in the age group under 19 years old (in 1997, the Evenk language was considered native by 6.7% of the Evenks in this group; in 2017, the Evenk language was not deemed by this group participants to be their native language; in 1997, the Russian language was considered to be the native language by 88.2% of the Evenks aged 10 to 19, in 2017 – by 91.7%). Over the 10 years, the share of Evenks who are fluent in the Evenk language decreased twofold (from 31.1% in 1997 to 15.1% in 2017). The overall expert assessment formed through analysis of 12 semi-structured interviews makes it possible to conclude on the change in the ethnopedagogical practices of the indigenous peoples of the North and Siberia in studying the native languages, in connection with “retirement” of the native language from the practice of everyday communication. All of the 12 experts recorded the shift of the educational practices of the indigenous minorities, as to the study of their native languages, to the similar practice involving the mastery of foreign languages. The overwhelming majority of experts (10 out of 12) believe that the observed efficiency of school education in the North and the Arctic is connected with the development of online education and increased availability of federal educational platforms for schoolchildren of northern settlements. Some of the ethnopedagogical practices are being transferred to cyberspace. The traditional culture of the indigenous minorities of the North and Siberia assumes virtual forms characteristic of the modern informational Internet environment.

Psychological consequences of the decrease of ethnic diversity: an overview of problems and their management

<p>In this article I report on psychological explanations for those linguistic and educational problems that arise as a result of the accelerated loss of ethnic diversity among european indigenous minorities. I have used knowledge from psychology of learning and psychology of motivation (for example unsuitable impulsive behaviour connected to executive functions, or culture shock) to describe the mechanisms of language shift and language loss connected to education There is a lack of such attempts in linguistic nad educational literature. The debates between representatives of pluralistic conceptions and their opponents on the possible linguistic and educational objectives in heterogeneous communities are presented. In addition, I also formulated guidelines how to mitigate the consequences of decrease of linguistic and cultural diversity on mind and behaviour of people who live and receive education in heterogeneous settings.</p>