Urbanization of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia and the Far East (20th to Early 21st Centuries)

2022 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-139
Author(s):  
V. V. Nikolaev ◽  
I. V. Oktyabrskaya
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Far East ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
The Far East

This article integrates studies relating to the history of urban communities of Siberian and Far Eastern indigenous peoples. A multidisciplinary approach to urbanization processes is used; their stages, rates, causes, and principal characteristics are analyzed. The database consists of our own fi eld fi ndings, published results of sociological studies, and those of All-Union and All-Russian population censuses. Three stages of urbanization affecting indigenous Siberians are described, and their factors and mechanisms are evaluated. The process is characterized by intense migration of indigenous peoples to the towns and cities during the recent period, accompanied by large-scale industrial development, and the transition of aboriginal societies from the traditional to the modern lifestyle. The urbanization, however, has not been completed, because of the underdeveloped urban infrastructure and the fact that many indigenous peoples to the cities had retained their rural traditions. The sa lient characteristic of the urbanization of indigenous peoples in the macroregion is that it was asynchronous, and that its sh ort intense phase, whereby the indigenous peoples mostly moved to nearby towns and urbanized villages in the 1960s–1970s, did not extend to all indigenous communities. Urbanization was incomplete in terms of both quality and quantity, and the integration of indigenous peoples into the urban space has engendered serious problems. According to the All-Russian population census of 2010, only fi ve indigenous peoples of Siberia and the Far East had completed the urbanization process: Kereks, Mansi, Nivkhs, Uilta and Shors. Currently, most indigenous peoples are medium-urbanized. The lowest level of urbanization is among the Soyots, Siberian Tatars, Telengits, Tofalars, Tubalars, Chelkans, Chulyms, and Tozhu Tuvans. We conclude that urbanization among the indigenous peoples is a long, diffi cult, and contradictory process, which, in modern Siberia, triggers many ethnocultural and ethno-social transformations of regional multiethnic communities.

scholarly journals Mining and Indigenous Peoples of the North: Assessment and Development Prospects

Resources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Evdokia Burtseva ◽  
Anatolii Sleptsov ◽  
Anna Bysyina ◽  
Alla Fedorova ◽  
Gavril Dyachkovskii
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Far East ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
The North ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Indigenous Minorities ◽  
The Republic ◽  
North Siberia

The main industry in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is the mining industry, which will continue to expand in the future. Already today there are quite a lot of investment projects for the development of minerals in the Arctic, North-West and South Yakutia, which will be implemented in the territories of indigenous minorities of the North. Indigenous Evens, Evenks, Yukaghirs make up 4.2% of the total population of the republic and are characterized by low genetic diversity, which can lead to negative consequences in relation to their health status when exposed to technogenic pollution. Purpose of the study: assessment of the state of life of indigenous minorities of the North in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) under the conditions of a new stage of industrial development of territories of traditional nature management. The planned increasing industrial development of territories of traditional nature management can cause large-scale disturbances of the earth’s surface, depletion of biological resources, environmental pollution, which will ultimately lead to deterioration in the quality of life of the population. In order to take measures to prevent and reduce the negative impacts of industrial development of the territories of residence and traditional activities of indigenous minorities of the North, when implementing new projects, the expert commission recommends concluding a trilateral agreement on cooperation and financing of specific programs between industrial companies, government bodies of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and authorized representatives of indigenous minorities of the North. Research area—the position of indigenous minorities of the North in the conditions of industrial development of the North, Siberia and the Far East. This study looks at the impact of industrial development on the natural environment and the traditional way of life of indigenous population. Compensation for damage to the nomadic tribal communities of reindeer herders has taken place. Only about 250 thousand representatives of 40 indigenous peoples live in these regions, who are included in the official list of indigenous minorities of the North, Siberia and the Far East.

Рroblems of the Judicialprotecting the Rights of the Indigenous Peoples of the Far East to Traditional Fisheries

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Yakunin D. V. ◽  
◽  
Khromin R. V. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Far East ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Indigenous Minorities ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Traditional Fishing

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problems of protecting the right of indigenous peoples of the Far East to traditional fishing. To improve the legal regulation in this area, according to the author of the article, will allow the development of special procedures for resolving disputes with the participation of indigenous minorities, as well as amending the legislation of the Russian Federation regulating the rules of traditional fishing for indigenous minorities.

MECHANISMS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE IN COMPLEX CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 03-07
Author(s):  
Vladimir Victorovich Tsyganov
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Far East ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
The Far East

Mechanisms and procedures for strategic management of the development of transport infrastructure in a large-scale region located in difficult climatic and geographical conditions are proposed. These mechanisms and procedures are illustrated by the example of managing the development of transport infrastructure in Siberia, the Far East and the Arctic zone of Russia.

scholarly journals Between “own” and “alien”: linguistic and artistic realities, problems and perspectives of the literatures of the indigenous peoples of the North and the Far East

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 246-255
Author(s):  
Aleksei A. Arzamazov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Far East ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
The North ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
Poetic Texts ◽  
The Individual

The article discusses linguistic and artistic realities, problems and perspectives of the literatures of the indigenous peoples of the North and the Far East. The author fixes the widespread writing of works in Russian, comprehends the reasons for the linguistic transition, raises the question of the theoretical and substantive expansion of the concept of “national literature”, emphasizes the importance of the individual author's ethnocultural component. The author considers as a landmark projection of the development of “minority” national literatures the method of including elements of the “native” language in a Russian-language poem, an appeal to the topic “native language”, the experience of accidentally recognizing one's own in the sounds of a genetically non-native language. Special attention is paid to the problem of literary translation into Russian, some scenarios of distortion of texts in translations and reduction precedents of important mythological contexts are presented. The conclusions obtained during the analysis of a large corpus of poetic texts from the Nenets, Dolgan, Even, Chukchi, Koryak, Nanai literatures can be of significant analytical interest in a comparative aspect.

scholarly journals Modeling the Interaction of Forest Machines with Soil when Working on Slopes

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
Sergey E. Rudov ◽  
◽  
Vladimir Ya. Shapiro ◽  
Olga I. Grigoreva ◽  
Igor V. Grigorev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Far East ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Machine Systems ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Cost Of Construction

The urgency of the task of effective development of cutting areas on the slopes of mountains, hills, and hilly-ridge reliefs is primarily due to the depletion of available, special, lowland operational forests in Siberia and the Far East, which were once, not quite correctly, called forest-surplus regions of the Russian Federation. The operational woodlands that are convenient for development in Siberia and the Far East are largely depleted. To develop new ones, large-scale road construction is necessary, which requires significant financial expenses and reduces the already low profitability of logging production. It is also declining due to the ever-increasing volume of export of harvested timber, even if the cost of construction and maintenance of a new network of logging roads is not considered. Forest ecosystems located on slopes are among the most vulnerable. When working on the slopes with traditional systems of logging machines, it becomes necessary to cut a serpentine of skid trails, which later become concentrators of water and wind erosion. Currently, leading manufacturers of machinery and equipment for the forest industry, such as Ponsse, John Deer, Komatsu, and others, have developed technical solutions that significantly facilitate the operation of forest machine systems. Such solutions, first of all, include winches integrated into the transmissions of machines. Another solution is to use separate self-propelled winches remotely controlled by the operator of a forest machine, for example, T-winch. In this case, the machine does not receive additional weight from the winch integrated into it; however, the negative impact of forest machines on soils does not disappear, but has its own significant specifics. The article shows that when performing logging operations on slopes, primarily steep ones with slope angles exceeding 20–25°, it is necessary to make adjustments to the assessment of the destruction nature of the soil array and the patterns of the track depth formation under the influence of the skidding system. For citation: Rudov S.E., Shapiro V.Ya., Grigorev I.V., Kunitskaya O.A., Grigoreva O.I. Modeling the Interaction of Forest Machines with Soil when Working on Slopes. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 6, pp. 121–134. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-6-121-134

scholarly journals An Introduction to Vladimir Arsen’ev’s Life

Sibirica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Amir Khisamutdinov
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Personal Archives ◽  
The Russian Far East ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The article is devoted to the famous explorer and writer Vladimir Klavdievich Arsen’ev (1872–1930). He arrived in the Russian Far East in 1900, where he conducted numerous research expeditions and engaged in a comprehensive study of the Far East. Arsen’ev studied the lives of the region’s indigenous peoples and published several books, Dersu Uzala being the most famous one. This article is based on Arsen’ev’s personal archives, which are stored in Vladivostok. The article chronicles his life in the Soviet period. It also discusses the punishment of his wives and children.

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