A Meta-Analysis of Heavyweight and Self-Esteem

1999 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol T. Miller ◽  
Kathryn T. Downey
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Actual Weight ◽  
Perceived Weight

This study is a meta-analysis of the relation of heavyweight and self-esteem. We examined this relation in studies thatfocused on participants' actual body weight (assessed by physical measures or self-reports of weight and height) and studies thatfocused on self-perceived degree of heavyweight or body dissatisfaction. The overall mean effect size was moderate (r = -.18, d = -.36), with lower self-esteem associated with heavier weight. The correlation between self-esteem and weight was higher for studies of self-perceived weight than for studies of actual weight. Consistent with predictions about cultural and group differences, effect sizes were smaller for low socioeconomic status (SES) samples, ethnic minority samples, and nonclinical samples than for high SES, nonminority, and clinical samples, respectively. In addition, effect sizes were larger for women than for men and for high school and college students than for children. Discussion centered on cultural, group, and individual differences that may influence the consequences on self-esteem of violating standards for appropriate body weight.

Academic Interventions for Elementary and Middle School Students With Low Socioeconomic Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Dietrichson ◽  
Martin Bøg ◽  
Trine Filges ◽  
Anne-Marie Klint Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
School Students ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Elementary And Middle School

Socioeconomic status is a major predictor of educational achievement. This systematic review and meta-analysis seeks to identify effective academic interventions for elementary and middle school students with low socioeconomic status. Included studies have used a treatment-control group design, were performed in OECD and EU countries, and measured achievement by standardized tests in mathematics or reading. The analysis included 101 studies performed during 2000 to 2014, 76% of which were randomized controlled trials. The effect sizes (ES) of many interventions indicate that it is possible to substantially improve educational achievement for the target group. Intervention components such as tutoring (ES = 0.36), feedback and progress monitoring (ES = 0.32), and cooperative learning (ES = 0.22) have average ES that are educationally important, statistically significant, and robust. There is also substantial variation in effect sizes, within and between components, which cannot be fully explained by observable study characteristics.

Healthcare interventions for depression in low socioeconomic status populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 65-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Rojas-García ◽  
Isabel Ruiz-Perez ◽  
Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco ◽  
Daniela C. Gonçalves Bradley ◽  
Guadalupe Pastor-Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Healthcare Interventions

Choice of the Metric for Effect Size in Meta-analysis

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry McGaw ◽  
Gene V Glass
Keyword(s):  
Error Term ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Factorial Designs ◽  
Gain Scores ◽  
Standardized Mean Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Express Group

Meta-analysis, as a procedure for integrating the results of empirical studies, depends on the quantification of the results of individual investigations. The standardized mean difference in performance between treatment and control conditions has been conventionally used for this purpose. There are difficulties with this technique when group standard deviations are not homogeneous, when a control condition is not included in a particular study, or when no control condition exists. There are also difficulties in expressing effect sizes on a common metric when some studies use transformed scales, such as gain scores, to express group differences, or use factorial designs or covariance adjustments to obtain a reduced error term. This paper discusses these problems, proposes a common metric on which effect sizes may be standardized, and describes procedures for computing appropriate effect sizes for all such cases.

Race, Sex, Socioeconomic Status, and Mathematics

1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie Hart Reyes ◽  
George M. A. Stanic
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Student Attitudes ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Classroom Processes ◽  
And Mathematics

Many black students, female students, and students of low socioeconomic status do not achieve up to their potential in mathematics. A model to explain group differences in performance is presented. Relationships are described among several groups of variables, including societal influences, school mathematics curricula, teacher attitudes, student attitudes and achievement-related behavior, classroom processes, and student achievement. Relevant research results are included, along with suggestions for future research to test the model.

scholarly journals Group Differences Between Countries and Between Languages in Pain-Related Beliefs, Coping, and Catastrophizing in Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review

Pain Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1847-1862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurab Sharma ◽  
Alexandra Ferreira-Valente ◽  
Amanda C de C. Williams ◽  
J Haxby Abbott ◽  
José Pais-Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Pain Beliefs ◽  
Coping Responses ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Country Differences

Abstract Objective To evaluate the extent to which pain-related beliefs, appraisals, coping, and catastrophizing differ between countries, language groups, and country economy. Design Systematic review. Methods Two independent reviewers searched 15 databases without restriction for date or language of publication. Studies comparing pain beliefs/appraisals, coping, or catastrophizing across two or more countries or language groups in adults with chronic pain (pain for longer than three months) were included. Two independent reviewers extracted data and performed the quality appraisal. Study quality was rated as low, moderate, or high using a 10-item modified STROBE checklist. Effect sizes were reported as small (0.20–0.49), medium (0.50–0.79), or large (≥0.80). Results We retrieved 1,365 articles, read 42 potential full texts, and included 10 (four moderate-quality, six low-quality) studies. A total of 6,797 adults with chronic pain (33% with chronic low back pain) were included from 16 countries. Meta-analysis was not performed because of heterogeneity in the studies. A total of 103 effect sizes were computed for individual studies, some of which indicated between-country differences in pain beliefs, coping, and catastrophizing. Of these, the majority of effect sizes for pain beliefs/appraisal (60%; eight large, eight medium, and eight small), for coping (60%; seven large, 11 medium, and 16 small), and for catastrophizing (50%; two medium, one small) evidenced statistically significant between-country differences, although study quality was low to moderate. Conclusions In 50% or more of the studies, mean scores in the measures of pain beliefs and appraisals, coping responses, and catastrophizing were significantly different between people from different countries.

scholarly journals Dental aesthetics and self-esteem in adolescents

2011 ◽  
pp. 482-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Mafla ◽  
Edwin Gerardo Luna ◽  
Nubia Rocío Sánchez ◽  
David Alexander Barrera ◽  
Ginna Mabel Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dental Aesthetics

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between dental aesthetics and self-esteem in adolescents. Methods: The sample was 387 randomly selected high school adolescents between 13 and 16 years of age. A clinical examination to evaluate dental aesthetics was conducted using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Self-esteem was assessed with the Rosenberg’s Self-esteem Scale. The statistical analysis included a descriptive analysis and means comparison, which was made through t-Student and ANOVA tests. DAI was correlated to Rosenberg’s Self-esteem Scale with Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. The data collected was analyzed by using the SPSS program version 17. Results: The mean DAI score was 34.2 (SD=14.2) and self-esteem was 22.6 (SD=4.6). The low socioeconomic status (SES) group had the highest levels of DAI and the lowest levels of self-esteem. A weak, but statistically significant, negative correlation was found between DAI scores and Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale (r=-0.1, p<0.05). According to age, in adolescents aged sixteen there was a slight correlation with both variables (p>0.05). Regarding gender, in female individuals a negative weak correlation (r=-0.14, p<0.05) was observed. No statistically significant difference was shown among SES groups. Nevertheless, there was a positive slight correlation in the middle SES group (p>0.05). Conclusions: The outcomes generated by this investigation can improve our understanding of how the correlation between dental aesthetics and self-esteem may fluctuate because of the SES variability.

scholarly journals Actual Weight, Perceived Weight and Desired Weight of Romanian School Children by Parents and Children

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Lucia Maria Lotrean ◽  
Ioana Popa ◽  
Mira Florea ◽  
Cecilia Lazea ◽  
Ana Maria Alexandra Stanescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
School Children ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Actual Weight ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Perceived Weight

Background and Objectives: The perception of the body weight by children and parents influences the consequent actions undertaken for children’s body weight management. This study investigated the correspondence between objective evaluations of Romanian school children (actual weight) and perceptions about weight (perceived weight), preoccupation with body weight management (desired weight) and parents’ perceptions on children’s weight. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was performed among 344 children aged 11 to 14 and 147 parents from Cluj-Napoca, Romania. We made anthropometric measurements of children, and short questionnaires were completed by the children and the parents. Results: The results show that 3.8% of children were underweight, 68.3% had a normal weight and 27.9% were overweight. Of this sample, 61.5% of underweight children, 20% of normal weight children and 43.7% of overweight children had misperceptions about their weight. The percentage of parents who did not estimate their children’s weight correctly was 50%, 11.9% and 41.5%, respectively, for each of the three weight groups. The results of the logistic regression analyses showed that several factors were associated with the misclassification of their own body weight by the children, such as body mass index, gender, weight management practices, misclassification by the parents as well as parent–child discussions on these issues. Conclusions: Education for both Romanian parents and children is needed with regard to correctly identifying and managing children’ body weight.

scholarly journals Correlations of online social network size with well-being and distress: A meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiungjung Huang
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Online Social Network ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Social Network Size ◽  
Anxiety Depression

This meta-analysis examines the correlations of the number of social network site (SNS) friends with well-being and distress, based on 90 articles consisting of 98 independent samples on correlations of online social network size (OSNS) with happiness, life satisfaction, self-esteem, anxiety, depression, combined anxiety and depression, loneliness, social anxiety, social loneliness, well-being and distress. The correlations between OSNS and well-being indicators are positively weak (from .06 to .15), whereas those for distress indicators are inconclusive (from -.19 to .08). Studies recording the OSNS based on the participant profile have larger mean effect sizes for well-being (.21) and self-esteem (.31) than those based on self-reporting (.06 and .05, respectively). The correlation between OSNS and self-esteem is stronger in samples with a smaller mean network size.

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