Cord blood IGF-I, proinsulin, leptin, HMW adiponectin and ghrelin in short or skinny small-for-gestational-age infants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua He ◽  
Wen-Ting Zhu ◽  
Anne Monique Nuyt ◽  
Isabelle Marc ◽  
Pierre Julien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
3D Design ◽  
Hmw Adiponectin ◽  
Cord Plasma ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Context Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) is an indicator of poor fetal growth “programming” an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Little is known about early life endocrine characteristics in SGA subtypes. Stunting (short) and wasting (skinny) are considered distinct SGA phenotypes in neonatal prognosis. Objectives To assess whether SGA infants with stunting or wasting have similar alterations in neonatal endocrine metabolic health biomarkers. Design A nested case-control study Setting The 3D (Design, Develop and Discover) birth cohort in Canada. Participants 146 SGA (birth weight <10 th percentile) and 155 optimal for gestational age (OGA, 25 th-75 th percentiles) infants. Stunting was defined as birth length <10 th percentile, and wasting as body mass index <10 th percentile for sex and gestational age, respectively. Main Outcomes Cord plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), proinsulin, leptin, high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin and ghrelin. Results Comparing to OGA infants adjusted for maternal and neonatal characteristics, SGA infants with either stunting only or wasting only had lower cord plasma IGF-I and leptin concentrations. HMW adiponectin concentrations were lower in SGA infants with wasting only (P=0.004), but similar in SGA infants with stunting only (P=0.816). Only SGA infants with both stunting and wasting had substantially lower proinsulin (P<0.001) and higher ghrelin concentrations (P<0.001) than OGA infants. Conclusions The study is the first to demonstrate that SGA infants with wasting only are characterized by low HMW adiponectin concentrations, while those with stunting only are not. SGA with both stunting and wasting are characterized by low proinsulin and high ghrelin concentrations.

scholarly journals Metabolic implications of GH treatment in small for gestational age

2007 ◽  
Vol 157 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S47-S50 ◽  
Author(s):  
E M Delemarre ◽  
J Rotteveel ◽  
H A Delemarre-van de Waal
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Igf I

Fetal growth retardation is associated with decreased postnatal growth, resulting in a lower adult height. In addition, a low birth weight is associated with an increased risk of developing diseases during adulthood, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases. Children with persistent postnatal growth retardation, i.e., incomplete catchup growth, can be treated with human GH. The GH/IGF-I axis is involved in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The question of whether treatment with GH in children born small for gestational age (SGA) has long-term implications with respect to glucose/insulin and lipid metabolism has not been answered yet. In this article, the available data are reviewed.

scholarly journals The Joint Role of Thyroid Function and Iodine Status on Risk of Preterm Birth and Small for Gestational Age: A Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study of Finnish Women

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra C. Purdue-Smithe ◽  
Tuija Männistö ◽  
Griffith A. Bell ◽  
Sunni L. Mumford ◽  
Aiyi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Normal maternal thyroid function during pregnancy is essential for fetal development and depends upon an adequate supply of iodine. Little is known about how iodine status is associated with preterm birth and small for gestational age (SGA) in mildly iodine insufficient populations. Our objective was to evaluate associations of early pregnancy serum iodine, thyroglobulin (Tg), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) with odds of preterm birth and SGA in a prospective, population-based, nested case-control study from all births in Finland (2012–2013). Cases of preterm birth (n = 208) and SGA (n = 209) were randomly chosen from among all singleton births. Controls were randomly chosen from among singleton births that were not preterm (n = 242) or SGA (n = 241) infants during the same time period. Women provided blood samples at 10–14 weeks’ gestation for serum iodide, Tg and TSH measurement. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for preterm birth and SGA. Each log-unit increase in serum iodide was associated with higher odds of preterm birth (adjusted OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.02–1.40), but was not associated with SGA (adjusted OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.86–1.18). Tg was not associated with preterm birth (OR per 1 log-unit increase = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.73–1.05), but was inversely associated with SGA (OR per log-unit increase = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.65–0.94). Neither high nor low TSH (versus normal) were associated with either outcome. These findings suggest that among Finnish women, iodine status is not related to SGA, but higher serum iodide may be positively associated with preterm birth.

scholarly journals Clustering Longitudinal Blood Pressure Trajectories to Examine Heterogeneity in Outcomes Among Preeclampsia Cases and Controls

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle R. Roell ◽  
Quaker E. Harmon ◽  
Kari Klungsøyr ◽  
Anna E. Bauer ◽  
Per Magnus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Reference Cluster ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study ◽  
New Onset

Preeclampsia is a heterogeneous disease characterized by new onset of hypertension along with signs of organ damage, affects 2% to 8% of pregnancies, and can result in serious complications to the mother and her child. There is little empirical evidence on the clinical importance of differences in blood pressure trajectories over the course of pregnancy, particularly in pregnancies affected by preeclampsia. We undertook an investigation of longitudinal changes in gestational blood pressure in a nested case-control study of preeclampsia in MoBa (Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study). We included 1906 validated preeclampsia cases and 1413 validated controls. We derived blood pressure trajectory clusters using longitudinal k-means clustering and examined demographic and early-pregnancy predictors and birth outcomes, in relation to clusters. Maternal age, prepregnancy body mass index, and parity were substantially different across blood pressure clusters of cases. Pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth, small for gestational age, and birthweight Z score, were meaningfully worse for individuals with a more rapid increase in blood pressure, as well as for individuals with a high starting blood pressure. For example, risk of preterm birth was 11-fold to 35-fold higher for steep and high trajectory clusters, and risk of small for gestational age was 2-fold higher compared with the reference cluster. Future studies may leverage these trajectories to differentiate preeclampsia cases in relation to circulating biomarkers, which may help in the development of preeclampsia prediction tools.

scholarly journals Polymorphism in the IGF-I Gene: Clinical Relevance for Short Children Born Small for Gestational Age (SGA)

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 2720-2724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolette Arends ◽  
Linda Johnston ◽  
Anita Hokken-Koelega ◽  
Cornelia van Duijn ◽  
Maria de Ridder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Short Children ◽  
Igf I ◽  
I Gene

Low birth weight is associated with an increased risk in adult life of type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The fetal insulin hypothesis postulates that genes involving insulin resistance could effect birth weight and disease in later life (Hattersley, 1999). Besides insulin, there is extensive evidence that insulin-like growth factor-I and -II (IGF-I, IGF-II) play an important role in fetal growth. We hypothesized that minor genetic variation in the IGF-I gene could influence pre- and postnatal growth. Three microsatellite markers located in the IGF-I gene in 124 short children (height < −1.88 SDS) who were born small for gestational age (SGA) and their parents were studied. SGA was defined as both a birth weight and birth length below −1.88 SDS for gestational age. Two polymorphic markers showed transmission disequilibrium. Allele 191 of the IGF1.PCR1 marker was transmitted more frequently from parent to child (χ2 = 4.8 and p = 0.02) and allele 198 of the 737/738 marker was transmitted less frequently from parent to child (χ = 4.5 and p = 0.03). Children carrying the 191-allele had significantly lower IGF-1 levels than children not carrying this allele (−1.1 SDS vs.− 0.05 SDS; p = 0.03). Also, head circumference SDS remained smaller in children with allele 191 compared to children without allele 191 (−2.1 SDS vs. −0.9 SDS; p = 0.003). Our results show that genetically determined low IGF-I levels may lead to a reduction in birth weight, length and head circumference and to persistent short stature and small head circumference in later life (proportionate small). Since low IGF-I levels are associated with type 2 diabetes and CVD, we propose that the IGF-I gene may provide a link between low birth weight and such diseases in later life.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document