Minireview: Transcriptional Regulation in Development of Bone

Regulation of gene expression by transcription factors is one of the major mechanisms for controlling cellular functions. Recent advances in genetic manipulation of model animals has allowed the study of the roles of various genes and their products in physiological settings and has demonstrated the importance of specific transcription factors in bone development. Three lineages of bone cells, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts, develop and differentiate according to their distinct developmental programs. These cells go through multiple differentiation stages, which are often regulated by specific transcription factors. In this minireview, we will discuss selected transcription factors that have been demonstrated to critically affect bone cell development. Further study of these molecules will lead to deeper understanding in mechanisms that govern development of bone.

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Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression by microRNAs as Endogenous Decoys of Transcription Factors

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1159/000362952 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 1698-1714 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Chunhui Cui ◽

Jinlong Yu ◽

Shuxin Huang ◽

Huiquan Zhu ◽

Zonghai Huang

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Transcriptional Regulation ◽

Transcription Factors ◽

Regulation Of Gene Expression

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Transcription Factors as the “Blitzkrieg” of Plant Defense: A Pragmatic View of Nitric Oxide’s Role in Gene Regulation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22020522 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 522

Author(s):

Noreen Falak ◽

Qari Muhammad Imran ◽

Adil Hussain ◽

Byung-Wook Yun

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Transcription Factors ◽

Plant Defense ◽

Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽

Defense Mechanism ◽

Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽

Acquired Resistance ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Genetic Components ◽

Transcriptional Changes

Plants are in continuous conflict with the environmental constraints and their sessile nature demands a fine-tuned, well-designed defense mechanism that can cope with a multitude of biotic and abiotic assaults. Therefore, plants have developed innate immunity, R-gene-mediated resistance, and systemic acquired resistance to ensure their survival. Transcription factors (TFs) are among the most important genetic components for the regulation of gene expression and several other biological processes. They bind to specific sequences in the DNA called transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) that are present in the regulatory regions of genes. Depending on the environmental conditions, TFs can either enhance or suppress transcriptional processes. In the last couple of decades, nitric oxide (NO) emerged as a crucial molecule for signaling and regulating biological processes. Here, we have overviewed the plant defense system, the role of TFs in mediating the defense response, and that how NO can manipulate transcriptional changes including direct post-translational modifications of TFs. We also propose that NO might regulate gene expression by regulating the recruitment of RNA polymerase during transcription.

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Interplay between cofactors and transcription factors in hematopoiesis and hematological malignancies

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy ◽

10.1038/s41392-020-00422-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zi Wang ◽

Pan Wang ◽

Yanan Li ◽

Hongling Peng ◽

Yu Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Transcription Factors ◽

Hematological Malignancies ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽

Hematologic Disorders ◽

Cell Lineages ◽

Stage Of Development ◽

Transcription Complexes ◽

Insight Into

AbstractHematopoiesis requires finely tuned regulation of gene expression at each stage of development. The regulation of gene transcription involves not only individual transcription factors (TFs) but also transcription complexes (TCs) composed of transcription factor(s) and multisubunit cofactors. In their normal compositions, TCs orchestrate lineage-specific patterns of gene expression and ensure the production of the correct proportions of individual cell lineages during hematopoiesis. The integration of posttranslational and conformational modifications in the chromatin landscape, nucleosomes, histones and interacting components via the cofactor–TF interplay is critical to optimal TF activity. Mutations or translocations of cofactor genes are expected to alter cofactor–TF interactions, which may be causative for the pathogenesis of various hematologic disorders. Blocking TF oncogenic activity in hematologic disorders through targeting cofactors in aberrant complexes has been an exciting therapeutic strategy. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the models and functions of cofactor–TF interplay in physiological hematopoiesis and highlight their implications in the etiology of hematological malignancies. This review presents a deep insight into the physiological and pathological implications of transcription machinery in the blood system.

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