The Endocrine-Gland-Derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (EG-VEGF)/Prokineticin 1 and 2 and Receptor Expression in Human Prostate: Up-Regulation of EG-VEGF/Prokineticin 1 with Malignancy

A new family of angiogenic factors named endocrine-gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factors (EG-VEGF)/prokineticins (PK) have been recently described as predominantly expressed in steroidogenic tissues. Whether the normal and malignant epithelial prostate cells and tissues express EG-VEGF/PK1 and PK2 and their receptors is still unknown. We studied the expression of EG-VEGF/PK1 and PK2 and their receptors (PK-R1 and PK-R2) in human prostate and their involvement in cancer. Using immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and RT-PCR, we determined the expression of EG-VEGF/PK1 in normal prostate (NP) and malignant prostate tissues (PCa), in epithelial cell primary cultures from normal prostate (NPEC) and malignant prostate (CPEC) and in a panel of prostate cell lines. In NPEC, CPEC, and in EPN, a nontransformed human prostate epithelial cell line, EG-VEGF/PK1, PK2, PK-R1, and PK-R2 mRNA levels were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. EG-VEGF/PK1 transcript was found in PCa, in CPEC, in EPN, and in LNCaP, whereas it was detected at low level in NP and in NPEC. EG-VEGF/PK1 was absent in androgen-independent PC3 and DU-145 cell lines. Immunochemistry confirmed that EG-VEGF/PK1 protein expression was restricted to hyperplastic and malignant prostate tissues, localized in the glandular epithelial cells, and progressively increased with the prostate cancer Gleason score advancement. EG-VEGF/PK1 and PK2 were weakly expressed in NPEC and EPN. On the other hand, their transcripts were highly detected in CPEC. PK-R1 and PK-R2 were found in NPEC, EPN, and CPEC. Interestingly, CPEC showed a significantly (P < 0.05) higher expression of EG-VEGF/PK1, PK2, PK-R1, and PK-R2 compared with NPEC and EPN. We demonstrated that PKs and their receptors are expressed in human prostate and that their levels increased with prostate malignancy. It may imply that EG-VEGF/PK1 could be involved in prostate carcinogenesis, probably regulating angiogenesis. Thus, the level of EG-VEGF/PK1 could be useful for prostate cancer outcome evaluation and as a target for prostate cancer treatment in the future.

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Multispectral Photoacoustic Imaging of Prostate Cancer: Preliminary Ex-vivo Results

Journal of Clinical Imaging Science ◽

10.4103/2156-7514.119139 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 41 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Vikram S. Dogra ◽

Bhargava K. Chinni ◽

Keerthi S. Valluru ◽

Jean V. Joseph ◽

Ahmed Ghazi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Prostate Tissue ◽

Human Prostate ◽

Normal Prostate ◽

Mean Intensity ◽

Preliminary Results ◽

Normal Prostate Tissue ◽

Malignant Prostate

Objective: The objective of this study is to validate if ex-vivo multispectral photoacoustic (PA) imaging can differentiate between malignant prostate tissue, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and normal human prostate tissue. Materials and Methods: Institutional Review Board's approval was obtained for this study. A total of 30 patients undergoing prostatectomy for biopsy-confirmed prostate cancer were included in this study with informed consent. Multispectral PA imaging was performed on surgically excised prostate tissue and chromophore images that represent optical absorption of deoxyhemoglobin (dHb), oxyhemoglobin (HbO2), lipid, and water were reconstructed. After the imaging procedure is completed, malignant prostate, BPH and normal prostate regions were marked by the genitourinary pathologist on histopathology slides and digital images of marked histopathology slides were obtained. The histopathology images were co-registered with chromophore images. Region of interest (ROI) corresponding to malignant prostate, BPH and normal prostate were defined on the chromophore images. Pixel values within each ROI were then averaged to determine mean intensities of dHb, HbO2, lipid, and water. Results: Our preliminary results show that there is statistically significant difference in mean intensity of dHb (P < 0.0001) and lipid (P = 0.0251) between malignant prostate and normal prostate tissue. There was difference in mean intensity of dHb (P < 0.0001) between malignant prostate and BPH. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of our imaging system were found to be 81.3%, 96.2%, 92.9% and 89.3% respectively. Conclusion: Our preliminary results of ex-vivo human prostate study suggest that multispectral PA imaging can differentiate between malignant prostate, BPH and normal prostate tissue.

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Mini review:Proteases and invasion in human prostate epithelial cell lines: Implications in prostate cancer prevention and intervention

Radiation Oncology Investigations ◽

10.1002/roi.2970030621 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 358-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mukta M. Webber ◽

Anuradha Waghray ◽

Diana Bello ◽

Johng S. Rhim

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Epithelial Cell ◽

Cancer Prevention ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Human Prostate ◽

Prevention And Intervention ◽

Prostate Epithelial Cell ◽

Prostate Cancer Prevention ◽

Epithelial Cell Lines ◽

Human Prostate Epithelial Cell

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Exploiting altered patterns of choline kinase-alpha expression on human prostate tissue to prognosticate prostate cancer

Journal of Clinical Pathology ◽

10.1136/jclinpath-2015-202859 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 68 (9) ◽

pp. 703-709 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Amarnath Challapalli ◽

Sebastian Trousil ◽

Steve Hazell ◽

Kasia Kozlowski ◽

Mihir Gudi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Prostate Tissue ◽

Human Prostate ◽

Choline Kinase ◽

Good Resolution ◽

Normal Prostate ◽

Qrt Pcr ◽

Human Prostate Tissue ◽

Malignant Prostate

AimsMalignant transformation results in overexpression of choline-kinase (CHK) and altered choline metabolism, which is potentially detectable by immunohistochemistry (IHC). We investigated the utility of CHK-alpha (CHKA) IHC as a complement to current diagnostic investigation of prostate cancer by analysing expression patterns in normal (no evidence of malignancy) and malignant human prostate tissue samples.MethodsAs an initial validation, paraffin-embedded prostatectomy specimen blocks with both normal and malignant prostate tissue were analysed for CHKA protein and mRNA expression by western blot and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR), respectively. Subsequently, 100 paraffin-embedded malignant prostate tumour and 25 normal prostate cores were stained for both Ki67 (labelling-index: LI) and CHKA expression.ResultsThe validity of CHKA-antibody was verified using CHKA-transfected cells and siRNA knockdown. Immunoblotting of tissues showed good resolution of CHKA protein in malignant prostate, verifying use of the antibody for IHC. There was minimal qRT-PCR detectable CHKA mRNA in normal tissue, and conversely high expression in malignant prostate tissues. IHC of normal prostate cores showed mild (intensity) CHKA expression in only 28% (7/25) of samples with no Ki67 expression. In contrast, CHKA was expressed in all malignant prostate cores along with characteristically low proliferation (median 2% Ki67-LI; range 1–17%). Stratification of survival according to CHK intensity showed a trend towards lower progression-free survival with CHK score of 3.ConclusionsIncreased expression of CHKA, detectable by IHC, is seen in malignant lesions. This relatively simple cost-effective technique (IHC) could complement current diagnostic procedures for prostate cancer and, therefore, warrants further investigation.

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797: Noggin Blocks the Osteoinductive Properties of Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines

The Journal of Urology ◽

10.1016/s0022-5347(18)33033-7 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 175 (4S) ◽

pp. 258-258

Author(s):

Ruth Schwaninger ◽

Cyrill A. Rentsch ◽

Antoinette Wetterwald ◽

Irena Klima ◽

Gabri Van der Pluijm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Prostate Cancer Cell ◽

Cancer Cell Lines ◽

Human Prostate ◽

Human Prostate Cancer ◽

Human Prostate Cancer Cell ◽

Prostate Cancer Cell Lines

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HERV-K Gag RNA and Protein Levels Are Elevated in Malignant Regions of the Prostate in Males with Prostate Cancer

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13030449 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 449

Author(s):

Simin D. Rezaei ◽

Joshua A. Hayward ◽

Sam Norden ◽

John Pedersen ◽

John Mills ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Endogenous Retrovirus ◽

Human Endogenous Retrovirus ◽

Normal Prostate ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Gag Protein ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Prostate Epithelial Cells ◽

Prostate Cancers

Heightened expression of human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) sequences has been associated with a range of malignancies, including prostate cancer, suggesting that they may serve as useful diagnostic or prognostic cancer biomarkers. We analysed the expression of HERV-K (Gag and Env/Np9 regions), HERV-E 4.1 (Pol and Env regions), HERV-H (Pol) and HERV-W (Gag) sequences in prostate cancer cells lines and normal prostate epithelial cells using qRT-PCR. HERV expression was also analysed in matched malignant and benign prostate tissue samples from men with prostate cancer (n = 27, median age 65.2 years (range 47–70)) and compared to prostate cancer-free male controls (n = 11). Prostate cancer epithelial cell lines exhibited a signature of HERV RNA overexpression, with all HERVs analysed, except HERV-E Pol, showing heightened expression in at least two, but more commonly all, cell lines analysed. Analysis of primary prostate material indicated increased expression of HERV-E Pol but decreased expression of HERV-E Env in both malignant and benign regions of the prostate in men with prostate cancer as compared to those without. Expression of HERV-K Gag was significantly higher in malignant regions of the prostate in men with prostate cancer as compared to matched benign regions and prostate cancer-free men (p < 0.001 for both), with 85.2% of prostate cancers donors showing malignancy-associated upregulation of HERV-K Gag RNA. HERV-K Gag protein was detected in 12/18 (66.7%) malignant tissues using immunohistochemistry, but only 1/18 (5.6%) benign tissue sections. Heightened expression of HERV-K Gag RNA and protein appears to be a sensitive and specific biomarker of prostate malignancy in this cohort of men with prostate carcinoma, supporting its potential utility as a non-invasive, adjunct clinical biomarker.

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Synthesis and Evaluation of the Tetracyclic Ring-System of Isocryptolepine and Regioiso-Mers for Antimalarial, Antiproliferative and Antimicrobial Activities

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26113268 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 3268

Author(s):

Katja S. Håheim ◽

Emil Lindbäck ◽

Kah Ni Tan ◽

Marte Albrigtsen ◽

Ida T. Urdal Helgeland ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Ring System ◽

Human Prostate ◽

The Novel ◽

Human Prostate Cancer ◽

Biofilm Inhibition

A series of novel quinoline-based tetracyclic ring-systems were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for their antiplasmodial, antiproliferative and antimicrobial activities. The novel hydroiodide salts 10 and 21 showed the most promising antiplasmodial inhibition, with compound 10 displaying higher selectivity than the employed standards. The antiproliferative assay revealed novel pyridophenanthridine 4b to be significantly more active against human prostate cancer (IC50 = 24 nM) than Puromycin (IC50 = 270 nM) and Doxorubicin (IC50 = 830 nM), which are used for clinical treatment. Pyridocarbazoles 9 was also moderately effective against all the employed cancer cell lines and moreover showed excellent biofilm inhibition (9a: MBIC = 100 µM; 9b: MBIC = 100 µM).

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