scholarly journals Chromogranin A and the Autonomic System: Decomposition of Heart Rate Variability and Rescue by Its Catestatin Fragment

Endocrinology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (6) ◽  
pp. 2760-2768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagendu B. Dev ◽  
Jiaur R. Gayen ◽  
Daniel T. O'Connor ◽  
Sushil K. Mahata
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Chromogranin A ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Systemic Hypertension ◽  
Autonomic Tone ◽  
Blood Pressure Elevation ◽  
System Decomposition ◽  
Before And After

Chromogranin A (CHGA/Chga) has been implicated in the genesis of systemic hypertension and consequent cardiac abnormalities. Catestatin (CST) (human CHGA352-372) replacement reduces blood pressure elevation and increases baroreflex sensitivity in Chga knockout (KO) mice. Because of the dampened baroreflex sensitivity, we reasoned that KO mice would display altered heart rate variability (HRV). Thus, we evaluated beat-to-beat measurements in HRV in wild-type (WT) and KO mice, before and after CST replacement. HR dynamics were evaluated by bipolar Einthoven electrocardiogram, with deconvolution into time and frequency domains, as well as Lorenz nonlinear return analyses. At baseline, HR was higher [444 ± 24 beats per minute (bpm)] in KO compared with WT (330 ± 18 bpm) mice. The total power in the HRV spectra was substantially diminished in KO animals. CST increased total power but only in KO mice. Each time-domain parameter was substantially lower in KO compared with WT mice, and the CST in the KO group could reverse the differences. Lorenz analysis revealed reductions in S1 (short axis perpendicular to the line of identity in the ellipse) and S2 (long axis along the line of identity in the ellipse) in KO animals, indicating that regulation of HRV is diminished in the parasympathetic and sympathetic domains. CST replacement caused restoration of both S1 and S2, in the KO group. These data suggest that Chga has a profound effect on autonomic tone to the heart and that its CST fragment is responsible for such actions. The results suggest future strategies for intervention in cardiovascular disorders accompanied by adverse HRV profiles.

Heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity are reduced in chronically undernourished, but otherwise healthy, human subjects

2003 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario VAZ ◽  
A.V. BHARATHI ◽  
S. SUCHARITA ◽  
D. NAZARETH
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Autonomic Nerve ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Frequency Power

Alterations in autonomic nerve activity in subjects in a chronically undernourished state have been proposed, but have been inadequately documented. The present study evaluated heart rate and systolic blood pressure variability in the frequency domain in two underweight groups, one of which was undernourished and recruited from the lower socio-economic strata [underweight, undernourished (UW/UN); n = 15], while the other was from a high class of socio-economic background [underweight, well nourished (UW/WN); n = 17], as well as in normal-weight controls [normal weight, well nourished (NW/WN); n = 27]. Baroreflex sensitivity, which is a determinant of heart rate variability, was also assessed. The data indicate that total power (0–0.4Hz), low-frequency power (0.04–0.15Hz) and high-frequency power (0.15–0.4Hz) of RR interval variability were significantly lower in the UW/UN subjects (P<0.05) than in the NW/WN controls when expressed in absolute units, but not when the low- and high-frequency components were normalized for total power. Baroreflex sensitivity was similarly lower in the UW/UN group (P<0.05). Heart rate variability parameters in the UW/WN group were generally between those of the UW/UN and NW/WN groups, but were not statistically different from either. The mechanisms that contribute to the observed differences between undernourished and normal-weight groups, and the implications of these differences, remain to be elucidated.

Heart Rate Variability before and after Knee Surgery in Amateur Soccer Players

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-342
Author(s):  
Nicolas Olivier ◽  
Renaud Legrand ◽  
Jacques Rogez ◽  
FX Gamelin ◽  
Serge Berthoin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Knee Surgery ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Hospitalization Period ◽  
Before And After

Objective:To analyze the consequences on heart rate variability (HRV) of a hospitalization period due to surgery of the knee in sportsmen.Patients:Ten soccer players who had undergone knee surgery took part in this study.Design:HRV was measured before and after hospitalization within a 7-day interval.Results:After the hospitalization phase, heart rate at rest increased significantly (3 beats/minute). A significant decrease of 7% in the cardiac inter beat interval (R-R interval), P < 0.05 and a 66% decrease in total power spectral density: −66%, P < 0.05 were observed. The disturbance of the autonomic nervous system could be due to a variation in cardiac vagal activity resulting in a 64% decrease in the high frequencies (P < 0.05). This variation was not associated with a modification in normalized markers (LFn.u., HFn.u.) and LF/HF ratio (P > 0.05).Conclusion:In sportsmen, a hospitalization period led to an increase in resting heart rate and was associated with a disturbance of the autonomic nervous system.

scholarly journals Statin therapy restores sympathovagal balance in experimental heart failure

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 700-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer U. Pliquett ◽  
Kurtis G. Cornish ◽  
Irving H. Zucker
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Power Spectral Analysis ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Autonomic Balance ◽  
Autonomic Tone ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Autonomic Blockade ◽  
Coa Reductase ◽  
Constitutive Nitric Oxide Synthase

Inhibitors of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase or statins have been shown to alleviate endothelial dysfunction. Their effects on constitutive nitric oxide synthase in the central nervous system may hypothetically affect the autonomic balance in sympathoexcitatory states, such as chronic heart failure (CHF). To address this issue, simvastatin (SIM) (0.3, 1.5, or 3 mg · kg-1 · day-1 po) was given to rabbits with pacing-induced CHF over a 3-wk period. Normal and CHF vehicle-treated rabbits served as controls. Autonomic balance was assessed by measuring heart rate variability, including power spectral analysis (PSA). In addition, changes in resting heart rate were assessed before and after vagal and sympathetic autonomic blockade by atropine and metoprolol, respectively. The SD for all intervals was 8.9 ± 0.7 ms in normal, 4.9 ± 0.6 ms in CHF ( P < 0.01), 3.8 ± 0.6 ms in CHF with 0.3 mg · kg-1 · day-1 SIM ( P < 0.001), 5.7 ± 0.9 in CHF with 1.5 mg · kg-1 · day-1 SIM ( P < 0.05), and 7.2 ± 0.5 in CHF with 3.0 mg · kg-1 · day-1 SIM. Similarly, total power was 40.5 ± 6.3 ms2 in normal, 10.1 ± 3.0 ms2 in CHF ( P < 0.01), 6.0 ± 1.6 ms2 in CHF with 0.3 mg · kg-1 · day-1 SIM ( P < 0.01), 13.2 ± 3.9 ms2 in CHF with 1.5 mg · kg-1 · day-1 SIM ( P < 0.05), and 22.0 ± 3.0 ms2 in CHF with 3.0 mg · kg-1 · day-1 SIM. Both PSA data for low (0.625–0.1875 Hz) and high frequencies (0.1875–0.5625 Hz) showed recovery in CHF animals on medium and high SIM doses without changes in the low-to-high-frequency ratio. SIM beneficially affects autonomic tone in CHF as seen by the reversal of depressed HRV and total power of PSA. These data have important implications for the treatment of patients with autonomic imbalance.

scholarly journals Psychophysical training in treatment of sympathicotonic vegetative dystonia syndrome and primary arterial hypertension in children and adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
N. N. Nezhkina ◽  
O. V. Kuligin ◽  
O. L. Nasonova ◽  
G. N. Mitrofanova ◽  
S. V. Sokolovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Autonomic Reactivity ◽  
Autonomic Tone ◽  
Primary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Hypertension In Children

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of psychophysical training as a method of non-drug correction of vegetative dystonia syndrome of sympaticotonic type and primary arterial hypertension in children and adolescents. Material and methods. 164 patients aged 717 years with sympathicotonic vegetative dystonia syndrome were examined, of which 47 were diagnosed primary arterial hypertension. The baseline autonomic tone (by cumulative clinical tables of autonomic manifestations), autonomic reactivity (based on the results of variation pulsography in ortho-and clean position), support activities (by clean orthostatic test) were evaluated, the heart rate variability was analyzed. As a method of non-drug correction of the functional state of the autonomic nervous system, psychophysical training (main group, n = 110) and therapeutic physical culture (comparison group, n = 54) were used. To assess the effectiveness of treatment, patients were examined twice: before and after the course. Results. It was found that in the sympaticotonic type of vegetative system, excessive vegetative reactivity and activity maintenance predominate. The use of psychophysical training leads to their normalization in most patients. In patients with primary arterial hypertension, the level of blood pressure decreases. According to the analysis of heart rate variability in the main group there is a significant increase in the total power spectrum of neurohumoral regulation, representation of high-frequency fluctuations with simultaneous reduction of the share of low-frequency waves as well as aligned sympathetic-parasympathetic balance. Conclusion. Psychophysical training is an effective method for non-drug correction of vegetative dystonia syndrome by sympaticotonic type and primary arterial hypertension in children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Testing the vagal withdrawal hypothesis during light exercise under autonomic blockade: a heart rate variability study

2018 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 1804-1811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothée Fontolliet ◽  
Vincent Pichot ◽  
Aurélien Bringard ◽  
Nazzareno Fagoni ◽  
Alessandra Adami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Exercise Onset ◽  
Autonomic Blockade ◽  
Vagal Withdrawal

We performed the first analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) at rest and during exercise under full autonomic blockade on the same subjects, to test the conjecture that vagal tone withdrawal occurs at exercise onset. We hypothesized that between rest and exercise there would be 1) no differences in total power (PTOT) under parasympathetic blockade, 2) a PTOT fall under β1-sympathetic blockade, and 3) no differences in PTOT under blockade of both autonomic nervous system branches. Seven men [24 (3) yr, mean (SD)] performed 5-min cycling (80 W) supine, preceded by 5-min rest during control and with administration of atropine, metoprolol, and atropine + metoprolol (double blockade). Heart rate and arterial blood pressure were continuously recorded. HRV and blood pressure variability were determined by power spectral analysis, and baroreflex sensitivity was determined by the sequence method. At rest, PTOT and the powers of low- and high-frequency components of HRV (LF and HF, respectively) were dramatically decreased with atropine and double blockade compared with control and metoprolol, with no effects on LF-to-HF ratio and on the normalized LF (LFnu) and HF (HFnu). During exercise, patterns were the same as at rest. Comparing exercise with rest, PTOT varied as hypothesized. For systolic and diastolic blood pressure, resting PTOT was the same in all conditions. During exercise, in all conditions, PTOT was lower than in control. Baroreflex sensitivity decreased under atropine and double blockade at rest and under control and metoprolol during exercise. The results support the hypothesis that vagal suppression determined disappearance of HRV during exercise. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides the first demonstration, by systematic analysis of heart rate variability at rest and during exercise under full autonomic blockade on the same subjects, that suppression of vagal activity is responsible for the disappearance of spontaneous heart rate variability during exercise. This finding supports previous hypotheses on the role of vagal withdrawal in the control of the rapid cardiovascular response at exercise onset.

scholarly journals Effects of Posteroanterior Thoracic Mobilization on Heart Rate Variability and Pain in Women with Fibromyalgia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Silva Reis ◽  
João Luiz Quagliotti Durigan ◽  
Ross Arena ◽  
Bruno Rafael Orsini Rossi ◽  
Renata Gonçalves Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Autonomic Modulation ◽  
Autonomic Tone ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Numeric Pain Scale

Fibromyalgia (FM) has been associated with cardiac autonomic abnormalities and pain. Heart rate variability (HRV) is reduced in FM with autonomic tone dominated by sympathetic activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of one session of a posteroanterior glide technique on both autonomic modulation and pain in woman with FM. This was a controlled trial with immediate followup; twenty premenopausal women were allocated into 2 groups: (i) women diagnosed with FM(n=10)and (ii) healthy women(n=10). Both groups received one session of Maitland mobilization grade III posteroanterior central pressure glide, at 2 Hz for 60 s at each vertebral segment. Autonomic modulation was assessed by HRV and pain by a numeric pain scale before and after the intervention. For HRV analyses, heart rate and RR intervals were recorded for 10 minutes. FM subjects demonstrated reduced HRV compared to controls. Although the mobilization technique did not significantly reduce pain, it was able to improve HRV quantified by an increase in rMSSD and SD1 indices, reflecting an improved autonomic profile through increased vagal activity. In conclusion, women with FM presented with impaired cardiac autonomic modulation. One session of Maitland spine mobilization was able to acutely improve HRV.

Elevated Heart Rate Variability in Physically Active Young and Older Adult Women

1998 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 579-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin P. Davy ◽  
Christopher A. Desouza ◽  
Pamela P. Jones ◽  
Douglas R. Seals
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Sedentary Women ◽  
Frequency Power

1. Low heart rate variability is associated with an increased risk of cardiac sudden death, coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality. We have previously shown that physically active postmenopausal women demonstrate higher levels of heart rate variability and cardiac baroreflex sensitivity compared to their sedentary peers. The purpose of the present prospective study was to test the hypothesis that heart rate variability and cardiac baroreflex sensitivity would be reduced with age in sedentary but not physically active women. To accomplish this, we measured heart rate variability (both time and frequency domain) and spontaneous cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (SBRS, sequence method) in the sitting posture in 23 sedentary women [11 premenopausal and 12 postmenopausal (age, 28 ± 1 and 61 ± 2 years; Vo2max, 35.3 ± 1.4 and 21.7 ± 1.5 ml · min−1 · kg−1 respectively] and in 22 physically active women [12 premenopausal and 10 postmenopausal (age, 31 ± 1 and 59 ± 2 years; Vo2max, 52.5 ± 1.4 and 39.7 ± 1.8 ml · min−1 · kg−1)]. 2. The S.D. of the R—R interval (time domain) was reduced (P < 0.05) with age in both sedentary (52 ± 6 versus 33 ± 4 ms) and physically active women (72 ± 8 versus 49 ± 9 ms). The high-frequency power (3740 ± 1527 versus 915 ± 188 and 9516 ± 2849 versus 2803 ± 1083 ms2/Hz), total power of heart rate variability and SBRS (11 ± 2 versus 7 ± 2 and 19 ± 3 versus 13 ± 2 ms/mmHg) also demonstrated similar age-related reductions in sedentary and physically active women, respectively (all P < 0.05). The S.D. of the R—R interval, high-frequency and total power of heart rate variability, and SBRS were higher (all P < 0.05) in the physically active compared with the sedentary women at any age. There was no significant influence of age or physical activity status on the low-frequency power of heart rate variability. In addition, no significant differences in any of the time or frequency domain measures of heart rate variability or SBRS were observed in users compared with non-users of hormone replacement therapy. 3. The results of the present study suggest that heart rate variability and cardiac baroreflex sensitivity decline similarly with age in healthy sedentary and physically active women. However, physically active women demonstrate higher levels of heart rate variability and cardiac baroreflex sensitivity compared with their sedentary peers, regardless of age.

Influence of Intensive Cycling Training on Heart Rate Variability During Rest and Exercise

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 898-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony S. Leicht ◽  
Graham D. Allen ◽  
Andrew J. Hoey
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Vagal Modulation ◽  
Relative Exercise Intensity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cycling Training ◽  
Key Words Exercise Training

The current study examined whether changes in heart rate variability (HRV) following intensive cycling training contribute to the mechanism of training-induced bradycardia. Thirteen healthy untrained subjects, ages 18-27 years, underwent recordings of heart rate (HR) and [Formula: see text] before and after 8 weeks of cycling, 25-60 min/day, 5 days/week at > 80% maximum HR (HRmax). Heart rate recordings were obtained during supine rest and submaximal exercise and were analysed for the following components of HRV: low frequency (LF, 0.041-0.15 Hz); high frequency (HF, 0.15-0.40 Hz); LF/HF ratio and total power (TP, 0-0.40 Hz). At posttraining, VO2max was significantly increased while HR was significantly reduced at rest and all absolute exercise work rates. Training-induced lower HR was accompanied by significantly greater HF and TP during rest as well as LF, HF, and TP during all absolute exercise work rates. Posttraining HR and the majority of HRV measures were similar to pretraining values at the same relative exercise intensity (% HRmax). These results indicated that 8 weeks of intensive cycling training increased HRV and cardiac vagal modulation during rest and absolute exercise work rates but had little effect during relative exercise work rates. Increased vagal modulation resulting from intensive exercise training may contribute to the mechanism of training-induced bradycardia. Key words: exercise training, autonomic nervous system, bradycardia, vagal modulation

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