scholarly journals The Hypothalamic Inflammatory/Gliosis Response to Neonatal Overnutrition Is Sex and Age Dependent

Endocrinology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 368-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Argente-Arizón ◽  
Francisca Díaz ◽  
Purificación Ros ◽  
Vicente Barrios ◽  
Manuel Tena-Sempere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Excess Weight Gain ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Hypothalamic Inflammation ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Astrocytes participate in both physiological and pathophysiological responses to metabolic and nutrient signals. Although most studies have focused on the astrocytic response to weight gain due to high-fat/high-carbohydrate intake, surplus intake of a balanced diet also induces excess weight gain. We have accessed the effects of neonatal overnutrition, which has both age- and sex-dependent effects on weight gain, on hypothalamic inflammation/gliosis. Although both male and female Wistar rats accumulate excessive fat mass as early as postnatal day (PND) 10 with neonatal overnutrition, no increase in hypothalamic cytokine levels, markers of astrocytes or microglia, or inflammatory signaling pathways were observed. At PND 50, no effect of neonatal overnutriton was found in either sex, whereas at PND 150, males again weighed significantly more than their controls, and this was coincident with an increase in markers of inflammation and astrogliosis in the hypothalamus. Circulating triglycerides and free fatty acids were also elevated in these males, but not in females or in either sex at PND 10. Thus, the effects of fatty acids and estrogens on astrocytes in vitro were analyzed. Our results indicate that changes in circulating fatty acid levels may be involved in the induction of hypothalamic inflammation/gliosis in excess weight gain, even on a normal diet, and that estrogens could participate in the protection of females from these processes. In conclusion, the interaction of developmental influences, dietary composition, age, and sex determines the central inflammatory response and the associated long-term outcomes of excess weight gain.

scholarly journals Excess Weight Gain After Cure of Hepatitis C Infection with Direct-Acting Antivirals

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 2025-2034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Do ◽  
Denise A. Esserman ◽  
Supriya Krishnan ◽  
Joseph K. Lim ◽  
Tamar H. Taddei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Direct Acting Antivirals ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Excess Weight Gain ◽  
Direct Acting

scholarly journals A Pilot Feasibility Study of Interpersonal Psychotherapy for the Prevention of Excess Weight Gain Among Adolescent Military-dependent Girls

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail E Pine ◽  
Natasha A Schvey ◽  
Lisa M Shank ◽  
Natasha L Burke ◽  
M K Higgins Neyland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Treatment Acceptability ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Military Dependents ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Excess Weight Gain ◽  
Military Dependent

ABSTRACT Introduction Adolescent military-dependents face unique psychosocial stressors due to their parents’ careers, suggesting they may be particularly vulnerable to excess weight gain and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Despite these risk factors, there is a lack of tested preventative interventions for these youths. Given the transient nature of military family deployments, research may be hindered due to difficulty in collecting long-term prospective outcome data, particularly measured height and weight. The primary aim of this study was to examine the feasibility and acceptability of collecting body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) outcome data up to 2 years following a randomized controlled pilot trial of an adapted interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) program aimed at preventing excess weight gain and improving psychological functioning for adolescent military-dependents. In exploratory analyses, patterns in body composition over time were examined. Materials and Methods Twenty-seven adolescent military-dependent girls (baseline: Mage: 14.4 ± 1.6 years; MBMI: 30.7 ± 4.9 kg/m2; MBMI-z: 1.9 ± 0.4) participated in this study. After a baseline assessment, utilizing a computerized program to create a randomization string, girls were assigned to either an IPT or a health education (HE) program. Participants completed three follow-up visits (posttreatment, 1-year follow-up, and 2-year follow-up). Girls completed a Treatment Acceptability Questionnaire at posttreatment; at all time points, height and fasting weight were collected. For the primary aim, Fisher’s exact tests examined the rate of obtained follow-up data and lost to follow-up status between the two groups, Mann-Whitney U tests examined the session attendance between groups, and treatment acceptability ratings were compared between the two groups at posttreatment using an independent samples t-test. For the exploratory aim, one-way analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) examined the group differences in BMI at each time point, adjusting for baseline values, and paired samples t-tests examined the within-group differences at each time point relative to baseline. Using imputed data in the full intent-to-treat sample, mixed model ANCOVAs were conducted to examine the group differences over time. Results Across both groups, girls attended an average of 72.0% of sessions. At least partial data were collected at posttreatment, 1-year follow-up, and 2-year follow-up for 96.3%, 85.2%, and 74.1% of the participants, respectively. There were no significant group differences in follow-up data collection rates, follow-up status, number of sessions attended, or treatment acceptability. BMI-z stabilized across groups, and there were no group differences in BMI-z. In adjusted ANCOVA models with imputed data, no significant group-by-time effects emerged. Conclusions For this randomized controlled prevention trial, long-term outcome data collection of measured BMI was possible in adolescent military-dependents and IPT was an acceptable and feasible intervention. An adequately powered trial is required to assess the efficacy of this intervention among military-dependents for obesity prevention and improvements in BMI.

Food craving frequency mediates the relationship between emotional eating and excess weight gain in pregnancy

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 120-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Blau ◽  
Natalia C. Orloff ◽  
Amy Flammer ◽  
Carolyn Slatch ◽  
Julia M. Hormes
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Food Craving ◽  
Excess Weight Gain ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
In Pregnancy

Limiting Excess Weight Gain in High-Risk Pregnancies: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2011 ◽  
pp. P1-466-P1-466
Author(s):  
Cheryce L Harrison ◽  
Catherine B Lombard ◽  
Melanie Gibson-Helm ◽  
Amanda Deeks ◽  
Helena J Teede
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Excess Weight Gain

scholarly journals Targeted prevention of excess weight gain and eating disorders in high-risk adolescent girls: a randomized controlled trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 1010-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Tanofsky-Kraff ◽  
Lauren B Shomaker ◽  
Denise E Wilfley ◽  
Jami F Young ◽  
Tracy Sbrocco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Excess Weight Gain

scholarly journals Metabolomics: population epidemiology and concordance in Australian children aged 11–12 years and their parents

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. 106-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Ellul ◽  
Melissa Wake ◽  
Susan A Clifford ◽  
Katherine Lange ◽  
Peter Würtz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lipoprotein Subclass ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Metabolomics Data ◽  
Nmr Metabolomics ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Parent Child

ObjectivesNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics is high throughput and cost-effective, with the potential to improve the understanding of disease and risk. We examine the circulating metabolic profile by quantitative NMR metabolomics of a sample of Australian 11–12 year olds children and their parents, describe differences by age and sex, and explore the correlation of metabolites in parent–child dyads.DesignThe population-based cross-sectional Child Health CheckPoint study nested within the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children.SettingBlood samples collected from CheckPoint participants at assessment centres in seven Australian cities and eight regional towns; February 2015–March 2016.Participants1180 children and 1325 parents provided a blood sample and had metabolomics data available. This included 1133 parent–child dyads (518 mother–daughter, 469 mother–son, 68 father–daughter and 78 father–son).Outcome measures228 metabolic measures were obtained for each participant. We focused on 74 biomarkers including amino acid species, lipoprotein subclass measures, lipids, fatty acids, measures related to fatty acid saturation, and composite markers of inflammation and energy homeostasis.ResultsWe identified differences in the concentration of specific metabolites between childhood and adulthood and in metabolic profiles in children and adults by sex. In general, metabolite concentrations were higher in adults than children and sex differences were larger in adults than in children. Positive correlations were observed for the majority of metabolites including isoleucine (CC 0.33, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.38), total cholesterol (CC 0.30, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.35) and omega 6 fatty acids (CC 0.28, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.34) in parent–child comparisons.ConclusionsWe describe the serum metabolite profiles from mid-childhood and adulthood in a population-based sample, together with a parent–child concordance. Differences in profiles by age and sex were observed. These data will be informative for investigation of the childhood origins of adult non-communicable diseases and for comparative studies in other populations.

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