Structure and function of the hepatic form of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the squirrel monkey, an animal model of glucocorticoid resistance.

The structure and function of the testis and epididymis are described, emphasizing the general similarities and specific differences between various species and humans. Current concepts of spermatogenesis are reviewed and the developmental stages of the germinal epithelium are discussed, as well as the complex hormonal interactions that take place. It is crucial to recognize that the efficiency of sperm production and the epididymal reserves in the human are considerably lower than those of conventional animal models. Therefore, the human male is more susceptible to a decline in fertility caused by a specific decrement in spermatogenesis than is an animal model.

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Effects of cyanidin 3-0-glucoside on cardiac structure and function in an animal model of myocardial infarction

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/c7fo00709d ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 4089-4099 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Pema Raj ◽

Jason L. McCallum ◽

Christopher Kirby ◽

Gurman Grewal ◽

Liping Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Animal Model ◽

Health Benefits ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Cardiac Structure ◽

Potential Health ◽

Cardiac Structure And Function ◽

And Function

Cyanidin 3-0-glucoside (CG) is a polyphenol with potential health benefits.

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11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase blockade prevents age-induced skin structure and function defects

Journal of Clinical Investigation ◽

10.1172/jci64162 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 123 (7) ◽

pp. 3051-3060 ◽

Cited By ~ 77

Author(s):

Ana Tiganescu ◽

Abd A. Tahrani ◽

Stuart A. Morgan ◽

Marcela Otranto ◽

Alexis Desmoulière ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Skin Structure ◽

And Function

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Effect of hibernation and jejunal bypass on mucosal structure and function

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1991.261.1.g37 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 261 (1) ◽

pp. G37-G44 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

H. V. Carey ◽

H. J. Cooke

Keyword(s):

Animal Model ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Ground Squirrels ◽

Oral Feeding ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Local Responses ◽

Systemic Factors ◽

Mucosal Mass ◽

And Function ◽

Jejunal Bypass

Intestinal mucosal structure and function may be regulated by systemic factors associated with oral feeding, as well as local responses initiated by contact of the mucosa with food. This study compared the relative effects of these factors in an animal model that undergoes seasonal long-term fasting. Jejunal bypass operations or sham surgeries were performed on active fed ground squirrels or on squirrels that subsequently ceased feeding and hibernated. Mucosal wet weight, protein content, villus height, and surface area were reduced in jejunal segments that had minimal exposure to luminal contents (bypassed segments of active squirrels and all segments of hibernators) compared with segments exposed to the luminal stream (incontinuity and sham segments of active squirrels). When normalized to mucosal weight, transepithelial absorption of 3-O-methylglucose and alanine-dependent sodium flux were greater in jejunal segments with minimal exposure to luminal nutrients. Altered structure in bypassed segments of active and hibernating squirrels paralleled changes in functional parameters despite the presence of different systemic factors in the two groups. Thus, in this animal model, contact of the mucosa with food, and not systemic factors associated with oral feeding, is the primary factor maintaining mucosal mass. The absence of mucosal contact with nutrients enhances specific absorptive function by mechanisms that have yet to be determined.

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Structure and Function of Vestibular Nerve Fibers in the Chinchilla and Squirrel Monkey

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb25202.x ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 656 (1 Sensing and C) ◽

pp. 92-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

JAY M. GOLDBERG ◽

ANNA LYSAKOWSKI ◽

CÉSAR FERNÁNDEZ

Keyword(s):

Squirrel Monkey ◽

Nerve Fibers ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Vestibular Nerve ◽

And Function

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Structure and function of neural networks in the retina

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100102213 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 26-27

Author(s):

Peter Sterling

Keyword(s):

Ganglion Cells ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Synaptic Connections ◽

Visual Axis ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Cat Retina ◽

Ultrathin Sections ◽

And Function ◽

Insight Into

The synaptic connections in cat retina that link photoreceptors to ganglion cells have been analyzed quantitatively. Our approach has been to prepare serial, ultrathin sections and photograph en montage at low magnification (˜2000X) in the electron microscope. Six series, 100-300 sections long, have been prepared over the last decade. They derive from different cats but always from the same region of retina, about one degree from the center of the visual axis. The material has been analyzed by reconstructing adjacent neurons in each array and then identifying systematically the synaptic connections between arrays. Most reconstructions were done manually by tracing the outlines of processes in successive sections onto acetate sheets aligned on a cartoonist's jig. The tracings were then digitized, stacked by computer, and printed with the hidden lines removed. The results have provided rather than the usual one-dimensional account of pathways, a three-dimensional account of circuits. From this has emerged insight into the functional architecture.

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Osseointegration interface of calcified bone and endosseous implants

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100130110 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 1096-1097

Author(s):

K.E. Krizan ◽

J.E. Laffoon ◽

M.J. Buckley

Keyword(s):

Structure And Function ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

En Bloc ◽

Endosseous Implants ◽

Ultrastructural Studies ◽

The Past ◽

Cacodylate Buffer ◽

One Year ◽

And Function

With increase use of tissue-integrated prostheses in recent years it is a goal to understand what is happening at the interface between haversion bone and bulk metal. This study uses electron microscopy (EM) techniques to establish parameters for osseointegration (structure and function between bone and nonload-carrying implants) in an animal model. In the past the interface has been evaluated extensively with light microscopy methods. Today researchers are using the EM for ultrastructural studies of the bone tissue and implant responses to an in vivo environment. Under general anesthesia nine adult mongrel dogs received three Brånemark (Nobelpharma) 3.75 × 7 mm titanium implants surgical placed in their left zygomatic arch. After a one year healing period the animals were injected with a routine bone marker (oxytetracycline), euthanized and perfused via aortic cannulation with 3% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer pH 7.2. Implants were retrieved en bloc, harvest radiographs made (Fig. 1), and routinely embedded in plastic. Tissue and implants were cut into 300 micron thick wafers, longitudinally to the implant with an Isomet saw and diamond wafering blade [Beuhler] until the center of the implant was reached.

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