scholarly journals Cloning, Tissue Expression, and Chromosomal Localization of the Mouse IRS-3 Gene

Endocrinology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 138 (11) ◽  
pp. 4931-4940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Sciacchitano ◽  
Simeon I. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Telomeric Region ◽  
Pleckstrin Homology ◽  
Binding Domains ◽  
Expressed Sequence

Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins are key regulators of basic functions such as cellular growth and metabolism. They provide an interface between multiple receptors and a complex network of intracellular signaling molecules. Two members of this family (IRS-1 and IRS-2) have been identified previously. In this investigation, we analyzed a mouse expressed sequence tag clone that proved to be a new member of the IRS family. Sequence analysis of this clone and comparison with the sequences deposited in GenBank demonstrates this protein may be the murine homolog of rat IRS-3, recently purified and cloned from rat adipocytes. Accordingly, we have named our protein mouse IRS-3. The expressed sequence tag clone contains the complete coding sequence of 1485 bp, encoding a protein of 495 amino acids. Sequence alignment with the other members of the IRS family shows that this protein contains pleckstrin homology and phosphotyrosine-binding domains that are highly conserved. In addition, there is conservation of many tyrosine phosphorylation motifs responsible for interactions with downstream signaling molecules containing SH2 domains. The murine IRS-3 messenger RNA (2.4 kilobases in length) is expressed in many tissues, with highest levels in liver and lung. Mouse IRS-3 is highly expressed in the first part of the embryonic life, when IRS-1 messenger RNA is barely detectable. Unlike the genes encoding IRS-1 and IRS-2, the IRS-3 gene contains an intron (344 bp in length) in the region between the pleckstrin homology and the phosphotyrosine-binding domains. Fluorescent in situ hybridization localized the mouse IRS-3 gene on the telomeric region of chromosome 5G2. Cloning of the murine IRS-3 gene will make it possible to apply genetic approaches to elucidate the physiological role of this new member of the IRS family of proteins.

Identification of pleckstrin-homology-domain-containing proteins with novel phosphoinositide-binding specificities

2000 ◽  
Vol 351 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon DOWLER ◽  
Richard A. CURRIE ◽  
David G. CAMPBELL ◽  
Maria DEAK ◽  
Gursant KULAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Adaptor Protein ◽  
Pleckstrin Homology Domain ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
Ph Domain ◽  
Pleckstrin Homology ◽  
Phosphate Binding ◽  
Ph Domains

The second messenger phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P3] is generated by the action of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), and regulates a plethora of cellular processes. An approach for dissecting the mechanisms by which these processes are regulated is to identify proteins that interact specifically with PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. The pleckstrin homology (PH) domain has become recognized as the specialized module used by many proteins to interact with PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. Recent work has led to the identification of a putative phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-binding motif (PPBM) at the N-terminal regions of PH domains that interact with this lipid. We have searched expressed sequence tag databases for novel proteins containing PH domains possessing a PPBM. Surprisingly, many of the PH domains that we identified do not bind PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, but instead possess unexpected and novel phosphoinositide-binding specificitiesin vitro. These include proteins possessing PH domains that interact specifically with PtdIns(3,4)P2 [TAPP1 (tandem PH-domain-containing protein-1) and TAPP2], PtdIns4P [FAPP1 (phosphatidylinositol-four-phosphate adaptor protein-1)], PtdIns3P [PEPP1 (phosphatidylinositol-three-phosphate-binding PH-domain protein-1) and AtPH1] and PtdIns(3,5)P2 (centaurin-β2). We have also identified two related homologues of PEPP1, termed PEPP2 and PEPP3, that may also interact with PtdIns3P. This study lays the foundation for future work to establish the phospholipid-binding specificities of these proteins in vivo, and their physiological role(s).

scholarly journals The Insect Type 1 Tyramine Receptors: From Structure to Behavior

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Luca Finetti ◽  
Thomas Roeder ◽  
Girolamo Calò ◽  
Giovanni Bernacchia
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Physiological Relevance ◽  
Transduction Mechanisms ◽  
Octopamine Receptor ◽  
Available Information ◽  
First Time

Tyramine is a neuroactive compound that acts as neurotransmitter, neuromodulator, and neurohormone in insects. Three G protein-coupled receptors, TAR1-3, are responsible for mediating the intracellular pathway in the complex tyraminergic network. TAR1, the prominent player in this system, was initially classified as an octopamine receptor which can also be activated by tyramine, while it later appeared to be a true tyramine receptor. Even though TAR1 is currently considered as a well-defined tyramine receptor and several insect TAR1s have been characterized, a defined nomenclature is still inconsistent. In the last years, our knowledge on the structural, biochemical, and functional properties of TAR1 has substantially increased. This review summarizes the available information on TAR1 from different insect species in terms of basic structure, its regulation and signal transduction mechanisms, and its distribution and functions in the brain and the periphery. A special focus is given to the TAR1-mediated intracellular signaling pathways as well as to their physiological role in regulating behavioral traits. Therefore, this work aims to correlate, for the first time, the physiological relevance of TAR1 functions with the tyraminergic system in insects. In addition, pharmacological studies have shed light on compounds with insecticidal properties having TAR1 as a target and on the emerging trend in the development of novel strategies for pest control.

Survey of a cDNA library from the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)

Genome ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
L D Chaves ◽  
J A Rowe ◽  
K M Reed
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tags ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Meleagris Gallopavo ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Snp Discovery ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Expressed Sequence

Genome characterization and analysis is an imperative step in identifying and selectively breeding for improved traits of agriculturally important species. Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) represent a transcribed portion of the genome and are an effective way to identify genes within a species. Downstream applications of EST projects include DNA microarray construction and interspecies comparisons. In this study, 694 ESTs were sequenced and analyzed from a library derived from a 24-day-old turkey embryo. The 437 unique sequences identified were divided into 76 assembled contigs and 361 singletons. The majority of significant comparative matches occurred between the turkey sequences and sequences reported from the chicken. Whole genome sequence from the chicken was used to identify potential exon–intron boundaries for selected turkey clones and intron-amplifying primers were developed for sequence analysis and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery. Identified SNPs were genotyped for linkage analysis on two turkey reference populations. This study significantly increases the number of EST sequences available for the turkey.Key words: turkey, cDNA, expressed sequence tag, single nucleotide polymorphism.

Intracellular signaling molecules of nerve tissue progenitors as pharmacological targets for treatment of ethanol-induced neurodegeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gleb Nikolaevich Zyuz’kov ◽  
Larisa Arkad`evna Miroshnichenko ◽  
Elena Vladislavovna Simanina ◽  
Larisa Alexandrovna Stavrova ◽  
Tatyana Yur`evna Polykova
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Intracellular Signaling Molecules

Abstract Objectives The development of approaches to the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases caused by alcohol abuse by targeted pharmacological regulation of intracellular signaling transduction of progenitor cells of nerve tissue is promising. We studied peculiarities of participation of NF-кB-, сАМР/РКА-, JAKs/STAT3-, ERK1/2-, p38-pathways in the regulation of neural stem cells (NSC) and neuronal-committed progenitors (NCP) in the simulation of ethanol-induced neurodegeneration in vitro and in vivo. Methods In vitro, the role of signaling molecules (NF-кB, сАМР, РКА, JAKs, STAT3, ERK1/2, p38) in realizing the growth potential of neural stem cells (NSC) and neuronal-committed progenitors (NCP) in ethanol-induced neurodegeneration modeled in vitro and in vivo was studied. To do this, the method of the pharmacological blockade with the use of selective inhibitors of individual signaling molecules was used. Results Several of fundamental differences in the role of certain intracellular signaling molecules (SM) in proliferation and specialization of NSC and NCP have been revealed. It has been shown that the effect of ethanol on progenitors is accompanied by the formation of a qualitatively new pattern of signaling pathways. Data have been obtained on the possibility of stimulation of nerve tissue regeneration in ethanol-induced neurodegeneration by NF-кB and STAT3 inhibitors. It has been found that the blockage of these SM stimulates NSC and NCP in conditions of ethanol intoxication and does not have a «negative» effect on the realization of the growth potential of intact progenitors (which will appear de novo during therapy). Conclusions The results may serve as a basis for the development of fundamentally new drugs to the treatment of alcoholic encephalopathy and other diseases of the central nervous system associated with alcohol abuse.

Screening and analysis of differentially expressed genes from an alien addition line of wheat Thinopyrum intermedium induced by barley yellow dwarf virus infection

Genome ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1114-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Mei Jiang ◽  
Long Zhang ◽  
Jun Hu ◽  
Rui Shi ◽  
Guang-He Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Alien Chromosome ◽  
Thinopyrum Intermedium ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Expressed Sequence

The alien addition line TAI-27 contains a pair of chromosomes of Thinopyrum intermedium that carry resistance against barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). A subtractive library was constructed using the leaves of TAI-27, which were infected by Schizaphis graminum carrying the GAV strain of BYDV, and the control at the three-leaf stage. Nine differentially expressed genes were identified from 100 randomly picked clones and sequenced. Two of the nine clones were highly homologous with known genes. Of the remaining seven cDNA clones, five clones matched with known expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences from wheat and (or) barley whereas the other two clones were unknown. Five of the nine differentially expressed sequences (WTJ9, WTJ11, WTJ15, WTJ19, and WTJ32) were highly homologous (identities >94%) with ESTs from wheat or barley challenged with pathogens. These five sequences and another one (WTJ18) were also highly homologous (identities >86%) with abiotic stress induced ESTs in wheat or barley. Reverse Northern hybridization showed that seven of the nine differentially expressed cDNA sequences hybridized with cDNA of T. intermedium infected by BYDV. Three of these also hybridized with cDNA of line 3B-2 (a parent of TAI-27) infected by BYDV. The alien chromosome in TAI-27 was microdissected. The second round linker adaptor mediated PCR products of the alien chromosomal DNA were labeled with digoxygenin and used as the probe to hybridize with the nine differentially expressed genes. The analysis showed that seven differentially expressed genes were homologous with the alien chromosome of TAI-27. These seven differentially expressed sequences could be used as ESTs of the alien chromosome of TAI-27. This research laid the foundation for screening and cloning of new specific functional genes conferring resistance to BYDV and probably other pathogens.Key words: suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH), expressed sequence tag (EST), linker adaptor mediated polymerase chain reaction (LA-PCR), chromosome microdissection.

scholarly journals Activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase RET improves long-term hematopoietic stem cell outgrowth and potency

Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (22) ◽  
pp. 2535-2547 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Grey ◽  
R. Chauhan ◽  
M. Piganeau ◽  
H. Huerga Encabo ◽  
M. Garcia-Albornoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Bone Marrow Niche ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Intracellular Signaling Pathway ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is a rapidly advancing field showing great promise for clinical applications. Recent evidence has implicated the nervous system and glial family ligands (GFLs) as potential drivers of hematopoietic survival and self-renewal in the bone marrow niche; how to apply this process to HSC maintenance and expansion has yet to be explored. We show a role for the GFL receptor, RET, at the cell surface of HSCs in mediating sustained cellular growth, resistance to stress, and improved cell survival throughout in vitro expansion. HSCs treated with the key RET ligand/coreceptor complex, glial-derived neurotrophic factor and its coreceptor, exhibit improved progenitor function at primary transplantation and improved long-term HSC function at secondary transplantation. Finally, we show that RET drives a multifaceted intracellular signaling pathway, including key signaling intermediates protein kinase B, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, NF-κB, and p53, responsible for a wide range of cellular and genetic responses that improve cell growth and survival under culture conditions.

Characterization of expressed sequence tag-derived simple sequence repeat markers for 17 Linum species

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 537-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Bi Fu ◽  
Gregory W. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat Markers ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Evolutionary Studies ◽  
Expressed Sequence ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Cultivated Flax

One major challenge in genetic and evolutionary studies of wild flax species is the lack of informative molecular markers. A set of 100 informative expressed sequence tag-derived simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) primer pairs developed in cultivated flax ( Linum usitatissimum L.) were characterized on 35 Linum accessions representing 17 Linum species for their transferability to other Linum species. Ninety-nine primer pairs displayed scorable polymorphisms across 35 Linum samples and generated 627 bands likely from 121 loci. About 50% of the detected bands occurred only in three or fewer samples. A total of 393 bands, likely from 116 loci, were detected by 97 primer pairs in Linum bienne Mill. samples, but only up to 60 bands, likely from up to 39 loci, were revealed by 6 to 37 primer pairs in the samples of the other 15 Linum species. The L. bienne samples displayed 23.7% more EST-SSR variation than the L. usitatissimum samples. These characterized EST-SSR markers should be useful for future genetic diversity and evolutionary studies of Linum species, particularly for the progenitor of cultivated flax.

scholarly journals Development of an Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) Resource for Wheat (Triticum aestivumL.)

Genetics ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 168 (2) ◽  
pp. 585-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Lazo ◽  
S. Chao ◽  
D. D. Hummel ◽  
H. Edwards ◽  
C. C. Crossman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Expressed Sequence
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