scholarly journals The Insect Type 1 Tyramine Receptors: From Structure to Behavior

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Luca Finetti ◽  
Thomas Roeder ◽  
Girolamo Calò ◽  
Giovanni Bernacchia
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Physiological Relevance ◽  
Transduction Mechanisms ◽  
Octopamine Receptor ◽  
Available Information ◽  
First Time

Tyramine is a neuroactive compound that acts as neurotransmitter, neuromodulator, and neurohormone in insects. Three G protein-coupled receptors, TAR1-3, are responsible for mediating the intracellular pathway in the complex tyraminergic network. TAR1, the prominent player in this system, was initially classified as an octopamine receptor which can also be activated by tyramine, while it later appeared to be a true tyramine receptor. Even though TAR1 is currently considered as a well-defined tyramine receptor and several insect TAR1s have been characterized, a defined nomenclature is still inconsistent. In the last years, our knowledge on the structural, biochemical, and functional properties of TAR1 has substantially increased. This review summarizes the available information on TAR1 from different insect species in terms of basic structure, its regulation and signal transduction mechanisms, and its distribution and functions in the brain and the periphery. A special focus is given to the TAR1-mediated intracellular signaling pathways as well as to their physiological role in regulating behavioral traits. Therefore, this work aims to correlate, for the first time, the physiological relevance of TAR1 functions with the tyraminergic system in insects. In addition, pharmacological studies have shed light on compounds with insecticidal properties having TAR1 as a target and on the emerging trend in the development of novel strategies for pest control.

scholarly journals Prioritization of public services for digitalization using fuzzy Z-AHP and fuzzy Z-WASPAS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duygu Sergi ◽  
Irem Ucal Sari
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Citizen Complaints ◽  
Criteria Weights ◽  
Available Information ◽  
First Time

AbstractIn this paper, public services are analyzed for implementations of Industry 4.0 tools to satisfy citizen expectations. To be able to prioritize public services for digitalization, fuzzy Z-AHP and fuzzy Z-WASPAS are used in the analysis. The decision criteria are determined as reduced cost, fast response, ease of accessibility, reduced service times, increase in the available information and increased quality. After obtaining criteria weights using fuzzy Z-AHP, health care services, waste disposal department, public transportation, information services, social care services, and citizen complaints resolution centers are compared using fuzzy Z-WASPAS that is proposed for the first time in this paper. Results show that health care services have dominant importance for the digitalization among public services.

Morphological description of the pupa and redescription of the adults and larva of Culex (Culex) apicinus Philippi (Diptera: Culicidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1941 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUSTAVO CARLOS ROSSI ◽  
MAGDALENA LAURITO ◽  
WALTER RICARDO ALMIRÓN
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Stage Larva ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Available Information ◽  
First Time ◽  
Fourth Stage Larva

The adult, fourth-stage larvae and the male genitalia of Culex (Culex) apicinus Philippi is redescribed. The pupa is described for the first time. The male genitalia, pupa and fourth-stage larva are illustrated. The available information on the taxonomy and distribution of the species is also included, extending the species distribution in Argentina. Bionomics and distributional data are provided for Culex apicinus.

scholarly journals Revision of the pollen beetle genus Meligethes (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Audisio ◽  
Simone Sabatelli ◽  
Josef Jelìnek
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Central China ◽  
Pollen Beetle ◽  
Sw China ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Western Palearctic ◽  
Specific Rank ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Available Information ◽  
First Time

A taxonomic revision of members of the genus <em>Meligethes</em> Stephens, 1830 is carried out. Taxonomic and distributional notes are provided on fiftythree <em>Meligethes</em> species, mostly known from the Eastern Palearctic and marginally from the Western Palearctic and the Oriental Regions. Among these, twentythree new species of <em>Meligethes</em> are diagnosed, figured and described: <em>M</em>. <em>argentithorax</em> sp. n. (Central China: Shaanxi, Shanxi), <em>M</em>. <em>aurantirugosus</em> sp. n. (Nepal),<em> M. aureolineatus</em> sp. n. (Central China: Sichuan), <em>M. aurifer</em> sp. n. (Central China: Shaanxi, Shanxi), <em>M. brassicogethoides</em> sp. n. (SW China: Yunnan), <em>M. clinei</em> sp. n. (SW China: Yunnan), <em>M. elytralis</em> sp. n. (Central China: Sichuan), <em>M. ferruginoides</em> sp. n. (Central China: Sichuan), <em>M.</em> <em>cinereoargenteus</em> sp. n. (Central China: Sichuan), <em>M. henan</em> sp. n. (Central China: Henan), <em>M. luteoornatus</em> sp. n. (SW China: Yunnan), <em>M. marmota</em> sp. n. (Nepal), <em>M. nivalis</em> sp. n. (SW and central China: Xizang and Chongqing), <em>M. martes</em> sp. n. (Central China: Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan), <em>M. nigroaeneus</em> sp. n. (SW China: Yunnan), <em>M. occultus</em> sp. n. (SW China: Yunnan), <em>M</em>. <em>pseudochinensis</em> sp. n. (Central China: Hubei), <em>M. pseudopectoralis</em> sp. n. (SW China: Yunan),<em> M. schuelkei</em> sp. n. (Central China: Sichuan, Shaanxi), <em>M. simulator</em> sp. n. (Central-N China: Shanxi), <em>M. stenotarsus</em> sp. n. (SW China: Yunnan, Xizang), <em>M. tryznai</em> sp. n. (SW China: Yunnan), and <em>M. volkovichi</em> sp. n. (SW China: Yunnan). Revaluations at specific rank from synonymy are introduced for <em>Meligethes lutra</em> Solsky 1860, and for <em>M. melleus</em> Grouvelle, 1908. Three new synonymies are established: <em>Meligethes brevipilus</em> Kirejtshuk, 1980 = <em>M. auripilis</em> Reitter, 1889 (syn. n.), <em>Meligethes zakharenkoi</em> Kirejtshuk, 2005 = <em>M. shirakii</em> Sadanari Hisamatsu, 1956 (syn. n.), and <em>Meligethes shirozui</em> Sadanari Hisamatsu, 1965 =<em> M. wagneri</em> Rebmann, 1956 (syn. n.). Complete redescriptions are given for <em>Meligethes binotatus</em> Grouvelle, 1894, <em>M. castanescens</em> Grouvelle, 1903, <em>M. ferrugineus</em> Reitter, 1873, and <em>M. melleus</em> Grouvelle, 1908. The male of <em>Meligethes lloydi</em> Easton, 1968, is described and figured for the first time. The female genitalia of <em>Meligethes auricomus</em> Rebmann, 1956, <em>M. cinereus</em> Jelínek, 1978, and <em>M. griseus</em> Jelínek, 1978 are described and figured for the first time. Available information on insect-host-plant relationships and ecology are summarized for each species; probably all are associated as larvae with flowers of Rosaceae, chiefly of members of the closely related genera <em>Rosa</em> L., <em>Rubus</em> L., <em>Prunus</em> L., and <em>Crataegus</em> Tourn. ex L. All treated species are grouped in two here revaluated subgenera (<em>Meligethes</em> s.str. and <em>Odonthogethes</em> Reitter, 1871), and tentatively grouped also in species-groups and (when necessary) species-complexes, based on their morphology.

scholarly journals Recombinant Follicular Stimulating Hormone Plus Recombinant Luteinizing Hormone Versus Human Menopausal Gonadotropins- Does the Source of LH Bioactivity Affect Ovarian Stimulation Outcome?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Kirshenbaum ◽  
Or Gil ◽  
Jigal Haas ◽  
Ravit Nahum ◽  
Eran Zilberberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Ovarian Stimulation ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Receptor ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Follicular Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Abstract Background: Luteinizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) activate distinct intracellular signaling cascades. However, due to their similar structure and common receptor, they are used interchangeably during ovarian stimulation (OS). This study aims to assess if the source of LH used during OS affects IVF outcome. Materials and methods: This was a cross sectional study of patients who underwent two consecutive IVF cycles, one included recombinant follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) plus recombinant LH [rFSH+rLH, (Pergoveris)] and the other included urinary hCG [highly purified hMG (HP-hMG), (Menopur)]. The OS protocol, except of the LH preparation, was identical in the two IVF cycles. Results: The rate of mature oocytes was not different between the treatment cycles (0.9 in the rFSH+rLH vs 0.8 in the HP-hMG, p=0.07). Nonetheless, the mean number of mature oocytes retrieved in the rFSH+rLH treatment cycles was higher compared to the HP-hMG treatment cycles (10 ± 5.8 vs 8.3 ±4.6, respectively, P=0.01). Likewise, the mean number of fertilized oocytes was higher in the rFSH+rLH cycles compared with the HP-hMG cycles (8.5 ± 5.9 vs 6.4 ± 3.6, respectively, p=0.05). There was no difference between the treatment cycles regarding the number of top-quality embryos, the ratio of top-quality embryos per number of oocytes retrieved or fertilized oocytes or the pregnancy rate. Conclusion: The differences in treatment outcome, derived by different LH preparations reflect the distinct physiological role of these molecules. Our findings may assist in tailoring a specific GT regimen when assembling an OS protocol.

scholarly journals NEW RECORDS OF SUBTERRANEAN AND SPRING MOLLUSCS (GASTROPODA: HYDROBIIDAE) FROM MONTENEGRO AND ALBANIA WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF FIVE NEW SPECIES

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 70-82
Author(s):  
Peter Glöer ◽  
Jozef Grego ◽  
Zoltán Péter Erőss ◽  
Zoltán Fehér
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Records ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
First Time

A short overview of subterranean Balkan hydrobid genera, with special focus on genus Bythiospeum Bourguignat, 1892 and Iglica A.J. Wagner, 1928 is given. In addition, based on recently collected material in Montenegro (Vitoja Spring) and Albania (Krumë), five new species are described, namely: Bracenica vitojaensis n. sp., Islamia montenegrina n. sp., Lanzaia pesici n. sp., Bythiospeum szarowskae n. sp. and Pseudamnicola krumensis n. sp. The holotypes and paratypes are depicted. In addition a re-description of Bythiospeum gittenbergeri (A. & P.L. Reischütz, 2008) is given and the types of the Iglica spp. deposited in the NHMW are depicted, some of them for the first time.

Physiological modulation of CFTR activity by AMP-activated protein kinase in polarized T84 cells

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (5) ◽  
pp. C1297-C1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Hallows ◽  
Gary P. Kobinger ◽  
James M. Wilson ◽  
Lee A. Witters ◽  
J. Kevin Foskett
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Basolateral Membrane ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
T84 Cells ◽  
Physiological Relevance ◽  
Polarized Epithelia ◽  
Ampk Activity ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP-activated, ATP-gated Cl− channel and cellular conductance regulator, but the detailed mechanisms of CFTR regulation and its regulation of other transport proteins remain obscure. We previously identified the metabolic sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a novel protein interacting with CFTR and found that AMPK phosphorylated CFTR and inhibited CFTR-dependent whole cell conductances when coexpressed with CFTR in Xenopus oocytes. To address the physiological relevance of the CFTR-AMPK interaction, we have now studied polarized epithelia and have evaluated the localization of endogenous AMPK and CFTR and measured CFTR activity with modulation of AMPK activity. By immunofluorescent imaging, AMPK and CFTR share an overlapping apical distribution in several rat epithelial tissues, including nasopharynx, submandibular gland, pancreas, and ileum. CFTR-dependent short-circuit currents ( Isc ) were measured in polarized T84 cells grown on permeable supports, and several independent methods were used to modulate endogenous AMPK activity. Activation of endogenous AMPK with the cell-permeant adenosine analog 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) inhibited forskolin-stimulated CFTR-dependent I sc in nonpermeabilized monolayers and monolayers with nystatin permeabilization of the basolateral membrane. Raising intracellular AMP concentration in monolayers with basolateral membranes permeabilized with α-toxin also inhibited CFTR, an effect that was unrelated to adenosine receptors. Finally, overexpression of a kinase-dead mutant AMPK-α1 subunit (α1-K45R) enhanced forskolin-stimulated I sc in polarized T84 monolayers, consistent with a dominant-negative reduction in the inhibition of CFTR by endogenous AMPK. These results indicate that AMPK plays a physiological role in modulating CFTR activity in polarized epithelia and suggest a novel paradigm for the coupling of ion transport to cellular metabolism.

Taxonomic re-evaluation of the monotypic genus Pararhabdophis Bourret, 1934 (Squamata: Colubridae: Natricinae) with discovery of its type species, P. chapaensis, from China

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4486 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
JIN-LONG REN ◽  
KAI WANG ◽  
TAO THIEN NGUYEN ◽  
CHUNG VAN HOANG ◽  
GUANG-HUI ZHONG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Taxonomic Position ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
History Data ◽  
Lao Cai ◽  
Available Information ◽  
First Time

The Asian monotypic genus Pararhabdophis Bourret, 1934 has long been known from a single holotype of the type species Pararhabdophis chapaensis Bourret, 1934 only. The limited available information hampered the identification of the natricine species. On the basis of eight newly collected specimens of P. chapaensis from the type locality in Sa Pa, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam and from Pingbian, Yunnan Province in southwestern China, the taxonomic position of the genus Pararhabdophis was re-evaluated using both morphological and molecular datasets for the first time. Pararhabdophis chapaensis is nested within the genus Hebius Thompson, 1913 with strong support, and morphologically indistinguishable from the latter genus. As a consequence, we herein synonymize the genus Pararhabdophis with Hebius and discuss about the existing paraphyly of some Hebius species. In addition we report Hebius chapaensis for the first time from China and provide redescription and natural history data of this poorly known species. To facilitate future taxonomic work, an identification key to all known natricine genera from China and Vietnam is also provided. 

Juveniles and larvae of eleven fish species collected from three countries of the Arabian Gulf and the Arabian Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 325 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-468
Author(s):  
L.A. Jawad ◽  
F. Mutlak ◽  
A.R.M. Mohamed ◽  
J.M. Al-Mamry ◽  
E.K. Hameed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Freshwater Environment ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Tenualosa Ilisha ◽  
Sparidentex Hasta ◽  
Available Information ◽  
First Time

The finding of larval and juvenile specimens from the Omani coast of the Arabian Sea and the Arabian Gulf waters of Saudi Arabia and Iraq is reported for the first time. Based on available information, one larva was a leptocephalus, Conger sp. (family Congridae) and one larva of an acronurus stage belonging to the genus Acanthurus (family Acanthuridae). Also juveniles of the following families are included in the present study: Clupeidae – Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822) and Nematalosa sp.; Dactylopteridae – Dactyloptena orientalis (Cuvier, 1829); Gobiidae – Acentrogobius sp.; Bothidae – Arnoglossus aspilos (Bleeker, 1851); Scatophagidae – Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus, 1766); Sparidae – Acanthopagrus arabicus Iwatsuki, 2013 and Sparidentex hasta (Valenciennes, 1830); Tetraodontidae – Lagocephalus sp. The discovery of the barred rather than spotted juveniles of S. argus collected from pure freshwater environment of the Shatt al-Arab River, Basrah, Iraq was remarkable; it raises questions whether there is more than one species within the nominal S. argus. For both larvae and juveniles of bothid flounders, the olfactory organ is a useful character for the examination of the developmental stage of the metamorphosing specimens. The occurrence of the different early life history stages of fishes from the three Arabian countries shows the needs them to be studied further so that inferences about the areas and periods of spawning and development of these fishes can be made more accurately.

Acetogenesis does not replace ketogenesis in fasting piglets infused with hexanoate

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (6) ◽  
pp. E963-E970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean H. Adams ◽  
Jack Odle
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Continuous Infusion ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Active Oxidation ◽  
Acetate Concentration ◽  
Physiological Relevance ◽  
Mitochondrial Fatty Acid

The current studies were performed to better understand the physiological relevance of acetate in the poorly ketogenic piglet and to determine if endogenous acetogenesis rises with increased mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation, analogous to ketogenesis. Plasma acetate concentration values in newborn, fasted, or suckled piglets (230–343 μM) were at least 10-fold higher than the ketone bodies, a pattern opposite to that in 24- to 48-h suckled rats (77–175 μM). Employing continuous infusion techniques with sodium [3H]acetate tracer in fasting ∼40-h-old piglets, acetate rate of appearance (Ra) was found to be 34 ± 4 μmol ⋅ min−1 ⋅ kg body wt−1. This basal Ra was double that observed in animals coinfused with sodium [1-14C]hexanoate ( P < 0.001), despite active oxidation of the latter as determined by14CO2production. Active acetogenesis in vivo and relatively abundant acetate in piglet blood are consistent with the hypothesis that acetate plays an important physiological role in piglets. However, the negative impact of hexanoate oxidation upon acetate Ra and the lack of significant changes in circulating acetate in newborn, suckled, and fasted piglets draws into question the extent of analogy between acetogenesis and ketogenesis in vivo.

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