Infusion of Low Dose Etomidate: Correction of Hypercortisolemia in Patients with Cushing's Syndrome and Dose-Response Relationship in Normal Subjects

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1426-1430 ◽  
Author(s):  
HEINRICH M. SCHULTE ◽  
GEORG BENKER ◽  
DANKWART REINWEIN ◽  
WOLFGANG G. SIPPELL ◽  
BRUNO ALLOLIO
Keyword(s):  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship

scholarly journals Effects of exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation on changing platelets: a prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Liu ◽  
Yang Peng ◽  
Xinguang Zhong ◽  
Zheng Ma ◽  
Suiping He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Spline Models ◽  
Cumulative Radiation Dose

Abstract Background Numerous studies have concentrated on high-dose radiation exposed accidentally or through therapy, and few involve low-dose occupational exposure, to investigate the correlation between low-dose ionizing radiation and changing hematological parameters among medical workers. Methods Using a prospective cohort study design, we collected health examination reports and personal dose monitoring data from medical workers and used Poisson regression and restricted cubic spline models to assess the correlation between changing hematological parameters and cumulative radiation dose and determine the dose-response relationship. Results We observed that changing platelet of 1265 medical workers followed up was statistically different among the cumulative dose groups (P = 0.010). Although the linear trend tested was not statistically significant (Ptrend = 0.258), the non-linear trend tested was statistically significant (Pnon-linear = 0.007). Overall, there was a correlation between changing platelets and cumulative radiation dose (a change of βa 0.008 × 109/L during biennially after adjusting for gender, age at baseline, service at baseline, occupation, medical level, and smoking habits; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.003,0.014 × 109/L). Moreover, we also found positive first and then negative dose-response relationships between cumulative radiation dose and changing platelets by restricted cubic spline models, while there were negative patterns of the baseline service not less than 10 years (− 0.015 × 109/L, 95% CI = − 0.024, − 0.007 × 109/L) and radiation nurses(− 0.033 × 109/L, 95% CI = − 0.049, − 0.016 × 109/L). Conclusion We concluded that although the exposure dose was below the limit, medical workers exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation for a short period of time might have increased first and then decreased platelets, and there was a dose-response relationship between the cumulative radiation dose and platelets changing.

Defining hormesis: the necessary tool to clarify experimentally the low dose–response relationship

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Carelli ◽  
I Iavicoli
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Assessment Criteria ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
Made In

The authors comment on Calabrese and Baldwin's paper ‘Defining Hormesis’, which, to date, is the first attempt to provide a definition of hormesis that goes beyond the different interpretations of this phenomenon reported in the literature. While appreciating the effort made in this study to place hormesis in a general and at the same time specific context, the authors believe some clarifications are needed as regards the quantitative features of this phenomenon. In this connection, they speculate on whether Calabrese and Baldwin think it appropriate to include hormesis assessment criteria in the document, referring in particular to those reported in a previous paper. The authors share Calabrese and Baldwin's conclusion that future experimental models designed to study hormetic phenomena must necessarily include the time factor, which not only guarantees this phenomenon will be detected, but is also able to detect the specific type of hormesis.

scholarly journals Is There a Dose-Response Relationship for Heart Disease With Low-Dose Radiation Therapy?

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 959-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Chung ◽  
James R. Corbett ◽  
Jean M. Moran ◽  
Kent A. Griffith ◽  
Robin B. Marsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Low Dose Radiation ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Radiation

Dose-Response Relationship to Inhaled Endotoxin in Normal Subjects

1997 ◽  
Vol 156 (4) ◽  
pp. 1157-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLIVIER MICHEL ◽  
ANNE-MARIE NAGY ◽  
MARC SCHROEVEN ◽  
JEAN DUCHATEAU ◽  
JEAN NÈVE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship

Postischemic vasodilation in human forearm is dependent on endothelium-derived nitric oxide

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (4) ◽  
pp. H1435-H1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. T. Meredith ◽  
K. E. Currie ◽  
T. J. Anderson ◽  
M. A. Roddy ◽  
P. Ganz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor ◽  
Hyperemic Flow

Although endothelium-derived nitric oxide contributes to basal vascular tone, little is known about its role in regulating blood flow during changes in metabolic supply and demand. We examined the contribution of endothelium-derived nitric oxide to reactive hyperemia in the forearm of 20 normal subjects (12 women, 8 men) aged 27 +/- 4 yr (means +/- SD), using the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA). Forearm ischemia was induced by suprasystolic blood pressure cuff inflation for 5 min, and the subsequent hyperemic flow was recorded for 5 min using venous occlusion strain-gauge plethysmography. The efficacy of nitric oxide blockade was tested by comparing the dose-response relationship to the endothelium-dependent agonist, acetylcholine (3, 10, and 30 mg/min), before and after intra-arterial infusion of up to 2,000 mg/min of L-NMMA. L-NMMA produced a significant downward and rightward shift in the dose-response relationship to acetylcholine and a 39% reduction in response to the maximum dose (P < 0.001). In the presence of L-NMMA, peak hyperemic flow was reduced 16% (26.5 +/- 2.1 to 22.3 +/- 1.5 ml.min-1.100 ml of forearm-1, P < 0.03), and the minimum forearm vascular resistance was increased 22.8% (3.5 +/- 0.3 to 4.3 +/- 0.4 mmHg.ml-1.min.100 ml, P < 0.02). Total hyperemia, calculated from the area under the flow vs. time curve, at 1 and 5 min after cuff release was 17 and 23% less, respectively (13.6 +/- 1.2 vs. 11.3 +/- 1.1 and 31.8 +/- 2.7 vs. 24.6 +/- 1.8 ml/100 ml, P < 0.002), following L-NMMA. These data suggest that endothelium-derived nitric oxide plays a role in both reactive hyperemia and in the maintenance of the hyperemic response following ischemia in the forearm.

scholarly journals Stimulatory Effect of Adrenocorticotropin on Cortisol, Aldosterone, and Dehydroepiandrosterone Secretion in Normal Humans: Dose-Response Study*

2000 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 3141-3146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Arvat ◽  
Lidia Di Vito ◽  
Fabio Lanfranco ◽  
Mauro Maccario ◽  
Claudia Baffoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Clear Dose Response ◽  
Normal Humans ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Releasing Effect ◽  
Dose Response Effect ◽  
Dose Response Study

Abstract The short ACTH test is widely used in clinical practice for the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency. It is classically performed administering 250.0 μg ACTH(1–24) although 1.0 μg ACTH dose has been reported having maximal stimulatory effect on cortisol levels in normal subjects. We aimed to define the maximal and the minimal stimulatory ACTH dose on cortisol, aldosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in humans. To this goal, in 12 normal volunteers (6 males and 6 females; age, 22–34 yr; body mass index 20–25 kg/m2; body surface 1.6–1.9 m2), we studied the dose-response effect of eight ACTH doses (0.01, 0.03, 0.06, 0.125, 0.5, 1.0, 25.0, and 250.0 μg) on cortisol, aldosterone, and DHEA levels. Each ACTH dose administered at 0 min was followed by a second ACTH dose of 250.0 μg at +60 min. The cortisol Δ areas under response curve (ΔAUCs) after all ACTH doses, apart from 0.01 μg, were significantly higher (P &lt; 0.02) than that after placebo, showing a clear dose-response relationship (P&lt; 0.001). The doses of 0.03 and 1.0 μg ACTH were the minimal and maximal effective doses, respectively. The cortisol response to 250.0μ g ACTH was not modified by pretreatment with 0.01, 0.03, and 0.06μ g ACTH doses, whereas it was progressively reduced by increasing the dose of ACTH pretreatment (P &lt; 0.001). The aldosteroneΔ AUCs to all but 0.01 μg ACTH doses were significantly higher (P &lt; 0.02) than that after placebo, showing a clear dose-response relationship (P &lt; 0.001). The dose of 0.03 μg was the minimal effective stimulating dose, whereas 25.0 μg showed the same aldosterone-releasing effect of 250.0 μg. The aldosterone response to 250.0 μg ACTH, preceeded by placebo, was not modified by pretreatment with 0.01 and 0.03 μg ACTH doses, whereas it was reduced by increasing the dose of ACTH pretreatment (P &lt; 0.05–0.02). The DHEA ΔAUCs to all ACTH doses were significantly higher (P &lt; 0.01) than that after placebo, showing a clear dose-response relationship (P&lt; 0.001). The doses of 0.01 and 1.0 μg ACTH were the minimal and maximal effective dose, respectively. The DHEA response to 250.0 μg ACTH was not modified by pretreatment with 0.01, 0.03, 0.06, and 0.125μ g ACTH doses, whereas it was progressively reduced by pretreatment with 0.5, 1.0, and 25.0 μg ACTH doses (P &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, these results show that an extremely low ACTH dose is needed to stimulate adrenal steroids and, among them, DHEA seems the most sensitive to corticotropin stimulation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document