SUN-369 Different Association of Dietary Fat Intake with Femoral Neck Strength According to Gender: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

Abstract Purpose: Despite the general belief that higher fat intake may be harmful for bone health, its impact on bone strength has not been thoroughly studied. Methods: We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study derived from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, including 2,590 participants. Composite indices of femoral neck strength, such as the compression strength index (CSI), bending strength index (BSI), and impact strength index (ISI), were generated by combining bone mineral density, body mass, and height with the femoral axis length and width. Results: Dietary fat intake (%) was inversely related to CSI and ISI in men, but not in women. Men in the highest three fat intake quintiles had lower CSI, BSI, and/or ISI than those in the lowest quintile (P=0.003–0.024). In women, compared with participants in the third fat intake quintile, those in the other four quintiles had lower CSI, BSI, and/or ISI (P=0.004–0.049). When the participants were allocated to three groups according to the dietary reference intake of fat in Koreans [low (<15%), moderate (15–30%), or high (≥30%)], men with a moderate or high fat intake had significantly lower ISIs than those with a low fat intake (P=0.046 and 0.039, respectively). By contrast, compared with women consuming a moderate amount of fat, those with a high intake had lower CSI, BSI, and ISI (P = 0.025–0.047). Conclusion: These findings suggest that higher fat intake in men and low or high fat intake in women may contribute to deteriorations in bone strength.

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Dietary fat intake and liver cancer incidence: A population‐based cohort study in Chinese men

International Journal of Cancer ◽

10.1002/ijc.33507 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 148 (12) ◽

pp. 2982-2996

Author(s):

Xiao‐Wei Ji ◽

Jing Wang ◽

Qiu‐Ming Shen ◽

Zhuo‐Ying Li ◽

Yu‐Fei Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Liver Cancer ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Dietary Fat ◽

Population Based ◽

Fat Intake ◽

Chinese Men ◽

Dietary Fat Intake

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Behavioral Feeding Circuit: Dietary Fat-Induced Effects of Inflammatory Mediators in the Hypothalamus

Frontiers in Endocrinology ◽

10.3389/fendo.2020.591559 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Kinning Poon

Keyword(s):

Dietary Fat ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Dietary Fatty Acids ◽

Ingestive Behavior ◽

Fat Intake ◽

High Fat ◽

Dietary Fat Intake ◽

Orexigenic Peptide

Excessive dietary fat intake has extensive impacts on several physiological systems and can lead to metabolic and nonmetabolic disease. In animal models of ingestion, exposure to a high fat diet during pregnancy predisposes offspring to increase intake of dietary fat and causes increase in weight gain that can lead to obesity, and without intervention, these physiological and behavioral consequences can persist for several generations. The hypothalamus is a region of the brain that responds to physiological hunger and fullness and contains orexigenic neuropeptide systems that have long been associated with dietary fat intake. The past fifteen years of research show that prenatal exposure to a high fat diet increases neurogenesis of these neuropeptide systems in offspring brain and are correlated to behavioral changes that induce a pro-consummatory and obesogenic phenotype. Current research has uncovered several potential molecular mechanisms by which excessive dietary fat alters the hypothalamus and involve dietary fatty acids, the immune system, gut microbiota, and transcriptional and epigenetic changes. This review will examine the current knowledge of dietary fat-associated changes in the hypothalamus and the potential pathways involved in modifying the development of orexigenic peptide neurons that lead to changes in ingestive behavior, with a special emphasis on inflammation by chemokines.

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Longitudinal Association between Urbanicity and Total Dietary Fat Intake in Adults in Urbanizing China from 1991 to 2015: Findings from the CHNS

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12061597 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 1597

Author(s):

Chang Su ◽

Xiaoyun Song ◽

Haojie Hu ◽

Wenwen Du ◽

Huijun Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Fat ◽

Multilevel Models ◽

Population Based ◽

Fat Intake ◽

Chinese Adults ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Dietary Fat Intake ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Longitudinal Association ◽

Total Fat

Few studies have examined the longitudinal association between urbanicity and dietary fat intake in Chinese adults. A population-based longitudinal observational study was carried out in Chinese adults aged 18–65 from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Three consecutive 24 h dietary recalls were used to assess dietary fat intake. Multilevel models were used to explore the relationship between urbanicity and dietary fat intake. People in the highest urbanicity quartile had the increments of 7.48 g/d (95% CI:5.42–9.58) and 8.92 g/d (95% CI: 7.03–10.80) in dietary fat intake, 2.86 (95% CI: 2.29–3.44) and 2.69 (95% CI: 2.13–3.25) in proportion of energy from total fat, and odds ratios (ORs) for the risk of excess dietary fat intake of 1.84 (95% CI: 1.65–2.05) and 2.01 (95% CI: 1.78–2.26) for men and women, respectively, compared to the lowest quartile after controlling for potential confounders. These results indicate that urbanicity was an important factor influencing dietary fat intake among Chinese adults. Aggressive nutritional education action coupled with governmental guidelines and programs tailored for the Chinese population are required to promote less dietary fat intake, especially in those adults living in less urbanized areas and whose dietary fat intake is ≥ 30% of their total energy intake per day.

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Influence of habitual high dietary fat intake on endothelium-dependent vasodilation

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2015-0006 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 40 (7) ◽

pp. 711-715 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Caitlin A. Dow ◽

Brian L. Stauffer ◽

Jared J. Greiner ◽

Christopher A. DeSouza

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Sodium Nitroprusside ◽

Dietary Fat ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Heart Association ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Fat Intake ◽

High Fat ◽

Dietary Fat Intake ◽

Increased Risk

High-fat diets are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. A potential underlying mechanism for the increased cardiovascular risk is endothelial dysfunction. Nitric oxide (NO)-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation is critical in the regulation of vascular tone and overall vascular health. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of dietary fat intake on endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Forty-four middle-aged and older sedentary, healthy adults were studied: 24 consumed a lower fat diet (LFD; 29% ± 1% calories from fat) and 20 consumed a high-fat diet (HFD; 41% ± 1% calories from fat). Four-day diet records were used to assess fat intake, and classifications were based on American Heart Association guidelines (<35% of total calories from fat). Forearm blood flow (FBF) responses to acetylcholine, in the absence and presence of the endothelial NO synthase inhibitor NG-monomethyl-l-arginine (L-NMMA), as well as responses to sodium nitroprusside were determined by plethysmography. The FBF response to acetylcholine was lower (∼15%; P < 0.05) in the HFD group (4.5 ± 0.2 to 12.1 ± 0.8 mL/100 mL tissue/min) than in the LFD group (4.6 ± 0.2 to 14.4 ± 0.6 mL/100 mL tissue/min). L-NMMA significantly reduced the FBF response to acetylcholine in the LFD group (∼25%) but not in the HFD group. There were no differences between groups in the vasodilator response to sodium nitroprusside. These data indicate that a high-fat diet is associated with endothelium-dependent vasodilator dysfunction due, in part, to diminished NO bioavailability. Impaired NO-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation may contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk with high dietary fat intake.

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Differential association of dietary fat intake with DXA-based estimates of bone strength according to sex in the KNHANES IV population

Archives of Osteoporosis ◽

10.1007/s11657-020-00737-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hyeonmok Kim ◽

Sun Hee Beom ◽

Seung Hun Lee ◽

Jung-Min Koh ◽

Beom-Jun Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Strength ◽

Dietary Fat ◽

Differential Association ◽

Fat Intake ◽

Dietary Fat Intake

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Postprandial skeletal muscle metabolism following a high-fat diet in sedentary and endurance-trained males

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00576.2019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 128 (4) ◽

pp. 872-883

Author(s):

Mary Elizabeth Baugh ◽

Suzanne M. Bowser ◽

Ryan P. McMillan ◽

Brenda M. Davy ◽

Lauren A. Essenmacher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Dietary Fat ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Glucose Oxidation ◽

Fat Oxidation ◽

Fat Intake ◽

High Fat ◽

Substrate Metabolism ◽

Dietary Fat Intake ◽

Pyruvate Oxidation

Our objective was to determine the influence of a high-fat diet (HFD) on fasting and postprandial skeletal muscle substrate metabolism in endurance-trained (ET) compared with sedentary (SED) humans. SED ( n = 17) and ET ( n = 7) males were control-fed a 10-day moderate-fat diet followed by a 5-day isocaloric HFD (55% fat, 30% carbohydrate). Skeletal muscle biopsies were taken in the fasted condition and 4 h after a high-fat meal (820 kcals; 63% fat and 25% carbohydrate). Palmitate-induced suppression of pyruvate oxidation, an indication of substrate preference, and oxidation of fat and glucose were measured in homogenized skeletal muscle in fasted and fed states. Postprandial responses were calculated as percent changes from fasting to fed states. Postprandial suppression of pyruvate oxidation was maintained after the HFD in ET, but not SED skeletal muscle, suggesting greater adaptability to dietary intake changes in the former. Fasting total fat oxidation increased due to the HFD in ET skeletal muscle ( P = 0.006), which was driven by incomplete fat oxidation ( P = 0.008). Fasting fat oxidation remained unchanged in skeletal muscle of SED individuals. Yet, postprandial fat oxidation was similar between groups. Fasting glucose oxidation was elevated after the HFD in ET ( P = 0.036), but not SED, skeletal muscle. Postprandial glucose oxidation was reduced due to the HFD in SED ( P = 0.002), but not ET, skeletal muscle. These findings provide insight into differing substrate metabolism responses between SED and ET individuals and highlight the role that the prevailing diet may play in modulating fasting and postprandial metabolic responses in skeletal muscle. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The relationship between high dietary fat intake and physical activity level and their combined effect on skeletal muscle substrate metabolism remains unclear. We assessed the influence of the prevailing diet in modulating substrate oxidation in skeletal muscle of endurance-trained compared with sedentary humans during a high-fat challenge meal. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the adaptability of skeletal muscle in endurance-trained individuals to high dietary fat intake.

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