Plasma IL-1 Receptor Antagonist Concentration Has an Inverse Association With Birth Weight in Prepubertal Children

Abstract Context Birth size has an impact on later cardiometabolic risk that is strongly related to low-grade inflammation. Objective To evaluate plasma interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) concentrations in relation to birth size and cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers in prepubertal children. Design A cohort study. Anthropometric data were recorded. Fasting blood samples were collected for plasma analyses of IL-1ra, alanine transaminase, total cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterols, triglyceride, glucose, and serum analyses of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations. Participants Forty-nine large for gestational age (LGA), 56 appropriate for gestational age, and 23 small for gestational age (SGA) children at 5 to 8 years of age were examined. Main Outcome Measures Differences in IL-1ra concentrations among the birth-size groups and associations between IL-1ra and other metabolic markers were assessed. Results Body mass index (BMI) standard deviation score (SDS)-adjusted plasma IL-1ra concentrations were highest in the SGA- and lowest in the LGA-born children (P = 0.015). Age- and sex-adjusted IL-1ra concentrations had strongest associations with BMI SDS (P < 0.001) and hs-CRP (P < 0.001, also when further adjusted for BMI SDS). Conclusions Prepubertal children born SGA had the highest and those born LGA the lowest IL-1ra concentrations in this study cohort. Most associations found between IL-1ra and the studied metabolic parameters were weight related, but the association with hs-CRP remained strong after adjustment for BMI. It seems that at prepuberty, SGA children have a stronger inflammatory state than LGA children and may thus be at a greater risk for later metabolic disturbances.

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Ghrelin levels are decreased in non-obese prepubertal children born large for gestational age

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-08-0924 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 160 (6) ◽

pp. 951-956 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Feyza Darendeliler ◽

Sukran Poyrazoglu ◽

Firdevs Bas ◽

Ozlem Sancakli ◽

Gulbin Gokcay

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Energy Homeostasis ◽

Standard Deviation Score ◽

Postnatal Growth ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Prepubertal Children ◽

Increased Risk

BackgroundGhrelin is the natural ligand of GH secretagogue receptor. It has several metabolic functions including regulation of food intake, energy homeostasis, and body weight. An inverse relationship between fasting plasma ghrelin and insulin concentrations has been shown. Being born large for gestational age (LGA) has an increased risk of developing insulin resistance.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate ghrelin levels in LGA born children who have no obesity at prepubertal ages and the effect of intrauterine and postnatal growth on ghrelin levels.Patients and methodsThirty-two (17F, 15M) LGA born non-obese children (mean (±s.e.m.) age 4.4±0.3 years) were evaluated with respect to glucose, insulin, and ghrelin levels. Their data were compared with that of non-obese 45 (19F, 26M) appropriate for gestational age (AGA) children (mean (±s.e.m.) age 4.0±0.1 years).ResultsLGA children, who had similar age and body mass index (BMI) standard deviation score (SDS) as AGA children, had significantly higher insulin (P=0.044) and at a borderline significance higher homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance levels (P=0.054) than AGA children. Ghrelin level was significantly lower in LGA born than AGA born children (P=0.001) even after controlling for age, sex, and BMI (P=0.006). There were no differences between genders in insulin and ghrelin levels. Multivariate analysis revealed that birth weight was the only significant parameter influencing ghrelin levels (R2=0.13, B=−0.007, P=0.002).ConclusionsLGA born non-obese prepubertal children have lower ghrelin levels when compared with age and BMI matched AGA children. Birth weight seems to have the only significant effect on the reduced ghrelin levels.

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Characterization of maternal plasma biomarkers associated with delivery of small and large for gestational age infants in the MIREC study cohort

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0204863 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. e0204863 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Premkumari Kumarathasan ◽

Gabriela Williams ◽

Agnieszka Bielecki ◽

Erica Blais ◽

Denise G. Hemmings ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Maternal Plasma ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Study Cohort ◽

Plasma Biomarkers

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Prepubertal Children Exposed to Maternal Gestational Diabetes Have Latent Low-Grade Inflammation

Hormone Research in Paediatrics ◽

10.1159/000491938 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 90 (2) ◽

pp. 109-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Leena Antikainen ◽

Jarmo Jääskeläinen ◽

Henrikki Nordman ◽

Raimo Voutilainen ◽

Hanna Huopio

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Low Grade ◽

Prepubertal Children ◽

Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Hs Crp ◽

Low Grade Inflammation

Background: Maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and overweight are associated with an increased risk of obesity and the metabolic syndrome in the adult offspring. We studied the influence of maternal GDM on prepubertal children’s height, weight, body mass index (BMI), lipid and glucose metabolism, and low-grade inflammation. Methods: A cohort of 135 prepubertal Caucasian children (age range 4.4–9.7 years) was studied in a controlled cross-sectional study. Seventy-seven children had been exposed to maternal GDM, and 58 children born after a normal pregnancy served as controls. The outcomes were height, weight, BMI, blood pressure, and biochemical markers of glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammation. Results: There were no differences in height, weight, BMI, fasting serum insulin, plasma glucose, lipids, or blood pressure between the study groups. However, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was significantly higher in the GDM group than in the controls (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Higher hs-CRP as a marker of low-grade inflammation was detected in prepubertal children exposed to maternal GDM, but no differences were seen in height, weight, BMI, or markers of glucose and lipid metabolism compared to control children. This finding may reflect an ongoing process of metabolic changes in children born after a GDM pregnancy.

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Visfatin Levels in Prepubertal Children Born Small or Large for Gestational Age

Hormone and Metabolic Research ◽

10.1055/s-0031-1299729 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 44 (02) ◽

pp. 135-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

V. Giapros ◽

D. Kiortsis ◽

E. Evagelidou ◽

A. Challa ◽

V. Cholevas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Prepubertal Children

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Prothrombotic State, Cardiovascular, and Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in Prepubertal Children Born Large for Gestational Age

Diabetes Care ◽

10.2337/dc10-1190 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 33 (11) ◽

pp. 2468-2470 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

E. N. Evagelidou ◽

V. I. Giapros ◽

A. S. Challa ◽

V. K. Cholevas ◽

G. A. Vartholomatos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Prothrombotic State ◽

Prepubertal Children

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Are metabolic syndrome antecedents in prepubertal children associated with being born idiopathic large for gestational age?

Pediatric Diabetes ◽

10.1111/pedi.12041 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 585-592 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ceren Çetin ◽

Ahmet Uçar ◽

Firdevs Bas ◽

Şükran Poyrazoğlu ◽

Rüveyde Bundak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Prepubertal Children

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Predictors of High Grade and Other Clinically Significant Placental Findings by Indication for Submission in Singleton Placentas From Term Births

Pediatric and Developmental Pathology ◽

10.1177/1093526620904801 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 274-284

Author(s):

Yi Yuan Zhou ◽

Sanjita Ravishankar ◽

Guangju Luo ◽

Raymond W Redline

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Umbilical Artery ◽

Maternal Obesity ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Chronic Hypertension ◽

Low Grade ◽

High Grade ◽

Single Umbilical Artery ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Term Births

Indications for placental submission are variable. Established guidelines are largely based on expert opinion, and there is a need for more evidence-based criteria. A 10-year database of term placentas was used to evaluate indications significantly associated with placental pathology. Lesions in 5 categories were separated into high- and low-grade subgroups. Two additional high-grade lesions were also evaluated. Indications associated with high-grade placental lesions were chronic monitoring abnormalities, severe preeclampsia, pregestational diabetes, maternal signs of infection, postdates pregnancy, artificial reproductive technology, drug abuse, umbilical cord entanglements, selected gross placental abnormalities, stillbirth, Apgar 5 minutes <6, small-for-gestational age infant, and macrosomia. Indications for which placental findings did not differ from the population as a whole were acute monitoring abnormalities, chronic hypertension, maternal obesity, vaginal bleeding, accessory lobe/multilobed placenta, meconium-stained fluid, single umbilical artery, and borderline large-for-gestational age infant. Other indications for submission were intermediate showing significant or borderline elevations in the prevalence of low- and high-grade lesions combined. We suggest on the basis of this study that guidelines for the submission of singleton term placentas could be modified to exclude cases with clinical indications that lack a significant association with placental lesions.

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Adiponectin: serum levels, promoter polymorphism, and associations with birth size and cardiometabolic outcome in young adults born large for gestational age

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-09-0697 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 162 (1) ◽

pp. 53-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ana Carolina Bueno ◽

Aniette R Espiñeira ◽

Fábio L Fernandes-Rosa ◽

Roberto Molina de Souza ◽

Margaret de Castro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Regulatory Region ◽

Adult Life ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Postnatal Growth ◽

Assessment Model ◽

Variant Allele ◽

Abdominal Circumference ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Birth Size

ObjectiveTo assess whether the −11391G>A polymorphism in the regulatory region of the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) is associated with birth size, postnatal growth, adiponectinemia, and cardiometabolic risk in adult life.DesignCase–control study nested within a prospective cohort of 2063 community subjects born in 1978/1979 and followed since birth to date.MethodsADIPOQ −11391G>A genotype–phenotype associations were evaluated in 116 subjects born large for gestational age (LGA) and 392 gender-matched controls at birth (birth size), at 8–10 years (catch-down growth), and at 23–25 years of age (cardiometabolic profile).ResultsThe −11391A variant allele frequency was higher in LGA subjects (P=0.04). AA genotype was associated with augmented probability of being born LGA (odds ratio=4.14; 95% confidence interval: 1.16–16.7; P=0.03). This polymorphism was associated neither with body composition nor with postnatal growth pattern. At the age of 23–25 years, the −11391A variant allele was associated with higher serum adiponectin levels (GG: 10.7±6.2 versus GA: 12.2±6.5 versus AA: 14.2±6.8 μg/ml; P<0.01). Subjects born LGA presented higher body mass index (BMI; P=0.01), abdominal circumference (P=0.04), blood pressure (P=0.04), and homeostasis assessment model for insulin resistance (P=0.01) than adequate for gestational age. Symmetry at birth did not influence these variables. The occurrence of catch-down of weight was associated with lower BMI and abdominal circumference (P<0.001) at 23–25 years.ConclusionsThe −11391A ADIPOQ gene variant was associated with increased chance of being born LGA and with higher adiponectin levels in early adult life.

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Prepubertal children born large for gestational age have lower serum DHEAS concentrations than those with a lower birth weight

Pediatric Research ◽

10.1038/pr.2017.44 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 82 (2) ◽

pp. 285-289 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Henrikki Nordman ◽

Raimo Voutilainen ◽

Leena Antikainen ◽

Jarmo Jääskeläinen

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Lower Serum ◽

Prepubertal Children ◽

Lower Birth Weight

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Birth Size and Maternal, Social, and Environmental Factors in the Province of Jujuy, Argentina

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph19020621 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 621

Author(s):

Jorge Ivan Martinez ◽

Marcelo Isidro Figueroa ◽

José Miguel Martínez-Carrión ◽

Emma Laura Alfaro-Gomez ◽

José Edgardo Dipierri

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Maternal Age ◽

Multinomial Distribution ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Birth Size ◽

Clinal Variation ◽

Maternal Weight

Introduction: birth size is affected by diverse maternal, environmental, social, and economic factors. Aim: analyze the relationships between birth size—shown by the indicators small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA)—and maternal, social, and environmental factors in the Argentine province of Jujuy, located in the Andean foothills. Methods: data was obtained from 49,185 mother-newborn pairs recorded in the Jujuy Perinatal Information System (SIP) between 2009 and 2014, including the following: newborn and maternal weight, length/height, and body mass index (BMI); gestational age and maternal age; mother’s educational level, nutritional status, marital status and birth interval; planned pregnancy; geographic-linguistic origin of surnames; altitudinal place of birth; and unsatisfied basic needs (UBN). The dataset was split into two groups, SGA and LGA, and compared with adequate for gestational age (AGA). Bivariate analysis (ANOVA) and general lineal modeling (GLM) with multinomial distribution were employed. Results: for SGA newborns, risk factors were altitude (1.43 [1.12–1.82]), preterm birth (5.33 [4.17–6.82]), older maternal age (1.59 [1.24–2.05]), and primiparous mothers (1.88 [1.06–3.34]). For LGA newborns, the risk factors were female sex (2.72 [5.51–2.95]), overweight (1.33 [1.22–2.46]) and obesity (1.85 [1.66–2.07]). Conclusions: the distribution of birth size and the factors related to its variability in Jujuy are found to be strongly conditioned by provincial terrain and the clinal variation due to its Andean location.

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