Congenital Infections of the Nervous System

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1105-1126
Author(s):  
Payal Patel
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Congenital Infections

Coxsackievirus Group B Antibodies in the Ventricular Fluid of Infants with Severe Anatomic Defects in the Central Nervous System

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Charles J. Gauntt ◽  
Richard J. Gudvangen ◽  
Yves W. Brans ◽  
Arthur E. Marlin
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Detectable Level ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Congenital Infections ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Group B

Ventricular fluids from four of 28 newborn infants who were initially seen with severe congenital anatomic defects in the central nervous system contained neutralizing antibody to at least one serotype of coxsackieviruses group B. Two of the four infants with anticoxsackieviruses group B antibody in the ventricular fluid did not have a detectable level of the same antibody(ies) in their serum. The ventricular fluid of one of the infants had immunoglobulin M neutralizing antibody directed against coxsackievirus B6. Of 11 mother-infant pairs that had neutralizing antibody to coxsackieviruses group B in both sera, nearly half had antibodies directed against more than one serotype. These data suggest the possibility of an association between congenital infections with coxsackieviruses group B and rare severe CNS defects.

scholarly journals Status of ToRCH positivity among the children presented with congenital Hydrocephalus

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
Sudipta Kumer Mukherjee ◽  
DM Arman ◽  
Holly A Roy ◽  
Rafiul Karim Khan ◽  
Samantha Afreen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Single Institution ◽  
Congenital Infections ◽  
Screening Protocol ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Neonates And Infants ◽  
Standardized Screening ◽  
Post Infectious ◽  
Torch Infections

Introduction: ToRCH is an acronym for four congenital infections that are sometimes difficult to distinguish: Toxoplasmosis, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV). This group of organisms produces serious Central Nervous System (CNS) and other infections, which are potentially preventable and treatable. Methods: Neonates and infants with hydrocephalus (N = 65) identified via the outpatient department of the National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (NINS&H), were prospectively screened for ToRCH antibodies. Hydrocephalus secondary to Tumor or Trauma was excluded from this study. Results: Evidence of 75.38 % (p = <0.05) patient was positive for TORCH antibodies. Toxoplasma Gondi (T. Gondii) IgG 18.5 % ( p= <0.05 ), CMV IgM 9.2 % (p = <0.05), CMV Ig G47.7% ( p = <0.5), Rubella, and HSV 1 & 2 antibodies were also identified. Conclusion: The vast majority of cases of neonatal hydrocephalus at one institution was post-infectious in etiology and related to ToRCH infections. Many of these cases could be prevented with improved screening and treatment. While study of a single institution may not be the representative of the entire population, further study and implementation of a standardized screening protocol would likely benefit this population. Bang. J Neurosurgery 2020; 9(2): 121-125

Congenital Infections and the Nervous System

1992 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Bale ◽  
Jody R. Murph
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Congenital Infections

scholarly journals Fetal Central Nervous System and Infectious Diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-327
Author(s):  
Lucia Masini ◽  
Massimo Apicella ◽  
Carmen De Luca ◽  
Piero Valentini ◽  
Riccardo Manfredi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Complete Evaluation ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Congenital Infections ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

ABSTRACT Maternal infectious diseases are frequent complications of pregnancy and can cause negative outcomes. Perinatal infections can cause serious damage to fetal central nervous system (CNS), but incidence of symptomatic congenital infections at birth is low. Complete and multidisciplinary (obstetric, infectologist, microbiologist, neonatologist/pediatrician, psychologist) evaluation of the pregnant women is crucial to define fetal prognosis. The ultrasound (US) surveillance has an irreplaceable role in identifying serious fetal damage and complications. Complete evaluation of the fetus in selected cases needs to be integrated with invasive prenatal diagnosis, particularly amniocentesis, which has optimal predictive values in excluding vertical transmission, and fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which can add important anatomical detail when fetal CNS damage is suspected. Congenital infections, furthermore, need to be considered in differential diagnosis of some common abnormal CNS findings at prenatal US. With the present review, we intend to provide an overview of the major perinatal infections and the role of US diagnosis in their assessment to recognize fetal CNS damage. We highlight the most recognizable syndromes due to congenital infections by linking etiopathogenesis with pathology and imaging. In particular, we focus on US diagnostic and prognostic values in relation to other invasive and noninvasive prenatal diagnosis options and summarize up-to-date recommendations on US evaluation of most common findings. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of congenital infection, while Toxoplasmosis is the most preventable cause of infectious CNS damage; rubella, varicella virus, and herpes viruses, even if rarely, may be responsible for extremely serious fetal damage, while Zika virus is an emerging concern on global scale. How to cite this article Masini L, Apicella M, De Luca C, Valentini P, Manfredi R, Lanzone A, De Santis M. Fetal Central Nervous System and Infectious Diseases. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(4):314-327.

Neurotropic enteroviruses co-opt “fair-weather-friend” commensal gut microbiota to drive host infection and central nervous system disturbances

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin B. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Infection Cycle ◽  
Fair Weather ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Animal Hosts ◽  
Host Infection ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Conditions

Abstract Some neurotropic enteroviruses hijack Trojan horse/raft commensal gut bacteria to render devastating biomimicking cryptic attacks on human/animal hosts. Such virus-microbe interactions manipulate hosts’ gut-brain axes with accompanying infection-cycle-optimizing central nervous system (CNS) disturbances, including severe neurodevelopmental, neuromotor, and neuropsychiatric conditions. Co-opted bacteria thus indirectly influence host health, development, behavior, and mind as possible “fair-weather-friend” symbionts, switching from commensal to context-dependent pathogen-like strategies benefiting gut-bacteria fitness.

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