scholarly journals Apraxia of speech involves lesions of dorsal arcuate fasciculus and insula in patients with aphasia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-169
Author(s):  
Karen Chenausky ◽  
Sébastien Paquette ◽  
Andrea Norton ◽  
Gottfried Schlaug
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Arcuate Fasciculus ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Boston Naming Test ◽  
Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Frontal Aslant Tract ◽  
Distinguishing Features ◽  
Naming Test

ObjectiveTo determine the contributions of apraxia of speech (AOS) and anomia to conversational dysfluency.MethodsIn this observational study of 52 patients with chronic aphasia, 47 with concomitant AOS, fluency was quantified using correct information units per minute (CIUs/min) from propositional speech tasks. Videos of patients performing conversational, how-to and picture-description tasks, word and sentence repetition, and diadochokinetic tasks were used to diagnose AOS using the Apraxia of Speech Rating Scale (ASRS). Anomia was quantified by patients' scores on the 30 even-numbered items from the Boston Naming Test (BNT).ResultsTogether, ASRS and BNT scores accounted for 51.4% of the total variance in CIUs/min; the ASRS score accounted for the majority of that variance. The BNT score was associated with lesions in the left superior temporal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, and large parts of the insula. The global ASRS score was associated with lesions in the left dorsal arcuate fasciculus (AF), pre- and post-central gyri, and both banks of the central sulcus of the insula. The ASRS score for the primary distinguishing features of AOS (no overlap with features of aphasia) was associated with less AF and more insular involvement. Only ∼27% of this apraxia-specific lesion overlapped with lesions associated with the BNT score. Lesions associated with AOS had minimal overlap with the frontal aslant tract (FAT) (<1%) or the extreme capsule fiber tract (1.4%). Finally, ASRS scores correlated significantly with damage to the insula but not to the AF, extreme capsule, or FAT.ConclusionsResults are consistent with previous findings identifying lesions of the insula and AF in patients with AOS, damage to both of which may create dysfluency in patients with aphasia.

Dissociable brain correlates for depression, anxiety, dissociation, and somatization in depersonalization-derealization disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin Lemche ◽  
Simon A. Surguladze ◽  
Michael J. Brammer ◽  
Mary L. Phillips ◽  
Mauricio Sierra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Caudate Head ◽  
Brain Correlates ◽  
The Right

ObjectiveThe cerebral mechanisms of traits associated with depersonalization-derealization disorder (DPRD) remain poorly understood.MethodHappy and sad emotion expressions were presented to DPRD and non-referred control (NC) subjects in an implicit event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) design, and correlated with self report scales reflecting typical co-morbidities of DPRD: depression, dissociation, anxiety, somatization.ResultsSignificant differences between the slopes of the two groups were observed for somatization in the right temporal operculum (happy) and ventral striatum, bilaterally (sad). Discriminative regions for symptoms of depression were the right pulvinar (happy) and left amygdala (sad). For dissociation, discriminative regions were the left mesial inferior temporal gyrus (happy) and left supramarginal gyrus (sad). For state anxiety, discriminative regions were the left inferior frontal gyrus (happy) and parahippocampal gyrus (sad). For trait anxiety, discriminative regions were the right caudate head (happy) and left superior temporal gyrus (sad).DiscussionThe ascertained brain regions are in line with previous findings for the respective traits. The findings suggest separate brain systems for each trait.ConclusionOur results do not justify any bias for a certain nosological category in DPRD.

scholarly journals Effects of tDCS on Sound Duration in Patients with Apraxia of Speech in Primary Progressive Aphasia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charalambos Themistocleous ◽  
Kimberly Webster ◽  
Kyrana Tsapkini
Keyword(s):  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Primary Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Primary Progressive ◽  
Speech Fluency ◽  
Sound Duration

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the left Inferior Frontal Gyrus (IFG) was found to improve apraxia of speech (AOS) in post-stroke aphasia, speech fluency in adults who stutter, naming and spelling in primary progressive (PPA). This paper aims to determine whether tDCS over the left IFG coupled with AOS therapy improves speech fluency in patients with PPA more than sham. Eight patients with non-fluent PPA with AOS symptoms received either active or sham tDCS, along with speech therapy for 15 weekday sessions. Speech therapy consisted of repetition of increasing syllable-length words. Evaluations took place before, immediately after, and two months post-intervention. Words were segmented into vowels and consonants and the duration of each vowel and consonant was measured. Segmental duration was significantly shorter after tDCS than sham for both consonants and vowels. tDCS gains generalized to untrained words. The effects of tDCS sustained over two months post-treatment in trained words. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the tDCS over the left IFG facilitates speech production by reducing segmental duration. The results provide preliminary evidence that tDCS can maximize efficacy of speech therapy in non-fluent PPA with AOS.

scholarly journals Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on the Right Superior Temporal Gyrus for Severe Aphasia Caused by Damage to the Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimpei Kawamura ◽  
Nobuhiro Takahashi ◽  
Yasutaka Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Verbal Expression ◽  
Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
The Right ◽  
Low Frequency Rtms

Several reports on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for the treatment of aphasia caused by damage to the left inferior frontal gyrus state that low-frequency rTMS therapy for the right inferior frontal gyrus, which is contralateral to the focus area, is effective for improving verbal expression. However, most of these reports have studied the effects of rTMS therapy for comparatively mild aphasia. This study attempted to perform low-frequency rTMS on the right posterior superior temporal gyrus (BA22), which is the center for language reception for aphasia patients with a drastic decline in verbal expression due to damage to the left inferior frontal gyrus and a considerable decline in language perception. The participants performed a language task that was displayed on a computer monitor during rTMS. In addition, intensive speech-language and hearing therapy was performed by the therapist after rTMS. This study reports that a resultant improvement in language perception was observed in the activated brain regions based on neuropsychological tests and functional magnetic resonance imaging. This study is considered to be significant as it highlights a new method of rTMS treatment for severe aphasia.

scholarly journals Hearing and seeing meaning in speech and gesture: insights from brain and behaviour

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1651) ◽  
pp. 20130296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aslı Özyürek
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Semantic Integration ◽  
Electrophysiological Recording ◽  
Arbitrary Form ◽  
Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Iconic Gesture ◽  
Speech Segment ◽  
Posterior Superior Temporal Sulcus

As we speak, we use not only the arbitrary form–meaning mappings of the speech channel but also motivated form–meaning correspondences, i.e. iconic gestures that accompany speech (e.g. inverted V-shaped hand wiggling across gesture space to demonstrate walking). This article reviews what we know about processing of semantic information from speech and iconic gestures in spoken languages during comprehension of such composite utterances. Several studies have shown that comprehension of iconic gestures involves brain activations known to be involved in semantic processing of speech: i.e. modulation of the electrophysiological recording component N400, which is sensitive to the ease of semantic integration of a word to previous context, and recruitment of the left-lateralized frontal–posterior temporal network (left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), medial temporal gyrus (MTG) and superior temporal gyrus/sulcus (STG/S)). Furthermore, we integrate the information coming from both channels recruiting brain areas such as left IFG, posterior superior temporal sulcus (STS)/MTG and even motor cortex. Finally, this integration is flexible: the temporal synchrony between the iconic gesture and the speech segment, as well as the perceived communicative intent of the speaker, modulate the integration process. Whether these findings are special to gestures or are shared with actions or other visual accompaniments to speech (e.g. lips) or other visual symbols such as pictures are discussed, as well as the implications for a multimodal view of language.

scholarly journals Η πορεία των γνωστικών και εκτελεστικών δεξιοτήτων στους συχνότερους τύπους άνοιας

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Άννα Τσιακίρη
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Inventory ◽  
Boston Naming Test ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Naming Test

Σκοπός:Κύριος σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης ήταν η μελέτη της εξέλιξης τωνγνωστικών, λεκτικών και μη λεκτικών δοκιμασιών, καθώς και τωνεκτελεστικών δεξιοτήτων στην ήπια γνωστική διαταραχή και σε ασθενείς μεδιαφορετικούς τύπους άνοιας. Επιπρόσθετος στόχος αποτέλεσε η μελέτη τηςεπίδρασης του ρόλου της εκπαίδευσης ως ανεξάρτητου παράγοντα στηνεξέλιξη της πορείας των δοκιμασιών που μελετήθηκαν στην ήπια γνωστικήδιαταραχή και σε ομάδα ασθενών με Νόσο Alzheimer, σε αυστηράεπιλεγμένους ασθενείς χωρίς αγγειακούς παράγοντες κινδύνου. Μέθοδος:Συμπεριλήφθησαν 105 ασθενείς με διάγνωση ήπια γνωστικήδιαταραχή (ΗΓΔ), πιθανή νόσο Alzheimer (ΝΑ), αγγειακή άνοια (ΑΑ) καιμετωποκροταφική άνοια (ΜΤΚΑ). Κριτήρια ένταξης στη μελέτη ήταν: ηλικίατων συμμετεχόντων > από τα 50 έτη, η καλή χρήση της ελληνικής γλώσσας,ικανότητα κατανόησης και διατήρησης της προσοχής σε ένα ελάχιστα δυνατόεπίπεδο για τη σωστή ανταπόκριση στις ψυχομετρικές δοκιμασίες, ιστορικόγνωστικής έκπτωσης για τουλάχιστον 6 μήνες πριν την είσοδο στη μελέτη καιεπίδοση στη γνωστική δοκιμασία MMSE 90 > 18. Στις ομάδες της ΗΓΔ, της ΝΑκαι της ΜΤΚΑ αποκλείσθηκαν ασθενείς με αγγειακούς παράγοντες κινδύνου. Κάθε συμμετέχων υποβλήθηκε σε μια σειρά κλινικών εκτιμήσεων,όπως έχουν προταθεί από Consortium to Establish a Registry for AD(CERAD) και σε μια ημι- δομημένη συνέντευξη για την ανίχνευσηνευροψυχιατρικών συμπτωμάτων. Τα ψυχομετρικά εργαλεία πουχρησιμοποιήθηκαν ήταν η κλίμακα Cambridge Cognitive Examination(CAMCOG), η Δοκιμασία Boston Naming Test (ΒΝΤ), η Δοκιμασία Pyramidsand Palm Trees (PPT), η γνωστικό-συμπεριφορική κλίμακα FunctionalCognitive Assessment Scale (FUCAS), η Κλίμακα Λειτουργικής Αξιολόγησηςτων Συμπτωμάτων Άνοιας (Functional Rating Scale of Symptoms ofDementia-FRSSD), η Γηριατρική Κλίμακα Κατάθλιψης (GDS), τονευροψυχιατρικό Ερωτηματολόγιο NPI (Neuropsychiatric Inventory) και ηκλίμακα Hamilton. Οι συμμετέχοντες εκτιμήθηκαν στην πλήρη σειρά τωνδοκιμασιών του πρωτοκόλλου σε αρχικό στάδιο, έπειτα από 6 και 12 μήνες(σύνολο 18μηνη παρακολούθηση). Στο δεύτερο μέρος της μελέτης, ως υπομελέτη, αξιολογήθηκαν τααποτελέσματα στη βάση του επιπέδου εκπαίδευσης των συμμετεχόντων στις2 ομάδες, στην ΗΓΔ και στη ΝΑ με συνολική διάρκεια παρακολούθησης 12μήνες.Αποτελέσματα:Στο πρώτο μέρος της μελέτης καταγράφηκαν οι επιδόσεις στιςδοκιμασίες και η εξέλιξή τους στις 4 ομάδες: ασθενείς με ΗΓΔ, με ΝΑ, με ΑΑ,και με ΜΤΚΑ. Οι μεταβλητές που μελετήθηκαν με τρείς διαδοχικές μετρήσειςήταν γνωστικές, λεκτικές και μη λεκτικές, και εκτελεστικές δεξιότητες,Στην υπομελέτη μελετήθηκε ο ρόλος της εκπαίδευσης ως ανεξάρτητουπαράγοντα στην εξέλιξη της πορείας δοκιμασιών στην ΗΓΔ και στη ΝΑ, όπουαποκλείσθηκαν ασθενείς με αγγειακούς παράγοντες κινδύνου. Συμπεράσματα:Στην ΗΓΔ:Παρατηρήθηκε πως ένα μεγάλο ποσοστό (62,5%) δεν παρουσίασεεπιδείνωση, σύμφωνα με την επίδοση στις νευροψυχολογικές δοκιμασίες, ενώένα μικρό ποσοστό (6,25%) πληρούσε τα κριτήρια για τη διάγνωση ΝΑ στηντελευταία αξιολόγηση. Παρατηρήθηκε επιδείνωση σε συγκεκριμέναυποσυστήματα της μνήμης: εργαζόμενη μνήμη, σημασιολογική μνήμη καιεπεισοδιακή μνήμη. Στην ΝΑ:Η μεταβολή στις γνωστικές δεξιότητες υποδεικνύει μία πιο “γρήγορη”(στατιστικά σημαντική) επιδείνωση στο σύνολο της μνήμης και συγκεκριμέναστα υποσυστήματα: οπτικοχωρικής μνήμης, σημασιολογικής μνήμης, άδηληςμνήμης, επεισοδιακής μνήμης, εργαζόμενης μνήμης. Στην ΑΑ:Δυσλειτουργίες επιβεβαιώθηκαν στους τομείς: σημασιολογική μνήμη,εργαζόμενη μνήμη, οπτικοχωρική μνήμη, αφαιρετικός συλλογισμός,δυσλειτουργία των εκτελεστικών δεξιοτήτων, το οποίο μπορεί να εξελιχθεί σεσύνδρομο και αποτελεί κύριο χαρακτηριστικό της υποφλοιώδης αγγειακήςάνοιας, αλλαγές στη διάθεση και στην προσωπικότητα.Στην ΜΤΚΑ:Παρατηρήθηκε επιδείνωση στην προσωπική και κοινωνική συμπεριφορά, στησημασιολογική μνήμη, ιδιαίτερα στην ικανότητα κατονομασίας, στον αφαιρετικό συλλογισμό, στις οπτικοκατασκευαστικές ικανότητες, στηνεργαζόμενη μνήμη, ιδιαίτερα στις εκτελεστικές δεξιότητες, στην κριτικήικανότητα συνοδευόμενη από σημαντικές αλλαγές στην προσωπικότητα.Η μελέτη της επίδρασης της εκπαίδευσης σε ασθενείς με ΗΓΔ έδειξεπως το επίπεδο εκπαίδευσης επηρεάζει την επίδοση σε λεκτικές και μηλεκτικές δοκιμασίες με την πάροδο του χρόνου. Οι ασθενείς με χαμηλόεπίπεδο εκπαίδευσης είχαν χειρότερη επίδοση από τους ασθενείς με ανώτεροή ανώτατο επίπεδο. Αυτά τα ευρήματα επιβεβαιώνουν τη θεωρία τουγνωστικού αποθέματος, το οποίο μπορεί να μεταβάλλει την κλινική εκδήλωσητης άνοιας και να επηρεάσει την επίδοση στις νευροψυχολογικές δοκιμασίεςστους ασθενείς με ΗΓΔ. Η μελέτη της επίδρασης του επιπέδου εκπαίδευσηςσε ασθενείς με ΝΑ έδειξε ότι από το επίπεδο εκπαίδευσης επηρεάστηκε ηπορεία της επιδείνωσης μόνο στις λεκτικές δοκιμασίες. Ο ρόλος τηςεκπαίδευσης στην πορεία της επιδείνωσης της νόσου μετά την κλινική τηςεμφάνισης είναι θέμα περαιτέρω συζήτησης και έρευνας.

scholarly journals Intra-Regional Glu-GABA vs Inter-Regional Glu-Glu Imbalance: A 1H-MRS Study of the Neurochemistry of Auditory Verbal Hallucinations in Schizophrenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Hjelmervik ◽  
Alexander R Craven ◽  
Igne Sinceviciute ◽  
Erik Johnsen ◽  
Kristiina Kompus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
1H Mrs ◽  
Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Auditory Verbal Hallucinations

Abstract Glutamate (Glu), gamma amino-butyric acid (GABA), and excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) imbalance have inconsistently been implicated in the etiology of schizophrenia. Elevated Glu levels in language regions have been suggested to mediate auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH), the same regions previously associated with neuronal hyperactivity during AVHs. It is, however, not known whether alterations in Glu levels are accompanied by corresponding GABA alterations, nor is it known if Glu levels are affected in brain regions with known neuronal hypo-activity. Using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), we measured Glx (Glu+glutamine) and GABA+ levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), left and right superior temporal gyrus (STG), and left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), in a sample of 77 schizophrenia patients and 77 healthy controls. Two MRS-protocols were used. Results showed a marginally significant positive correlation in the left STG between Glx and AVHs, whereas a significant negative correlation was found in the ACC. In addition, high-hallucinating patients as a group showed decreased ACC and increased left STG Glx levels compared to low-hallucinating patients, with the healthy controls in between the 2 hallucinating groups. No significant differences were found for GABA+ levels. It is discussed that reduced ACC Glx levels reflect an inability of AVH patients to cognitively inhibit their “voices” through neuronal hypo-activity, which in turn originates from increased left STG Glu levels and neuronal hyperactivity. A revised E/I-imbalance model is proposed where Glu-Glu imbalance between brain regions is emphasized rather than Glu-GABA imbalance within regions, for the understanding of the underlying neurochemistry of AVHs.

scholarly journals The left inferior frontal gyrus is causally involved in selective semantic retrieval: Evidence from tDCS in primary progressive aphasia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyi Wang ◽  
Bronte N Ficek ◽  
Kimberly T Webster ◽  
Chiadi U Onyike ◽  
John E Desmond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Primary Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Semantic Fluency ◽  
Semantic Retrieval ◽  
Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Primary Progressive

Lesion and imaging studies have shown that the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) is involved in selective semantic retrieval of information from the temporal lobes. However, causal, i.e., interventional, evidence is sparse. In the present study we addressed this question by testing whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the left IFG in a group of individuals with primary progressive aphasia may improve semantic fluency, a task that relies to selective semantic retrieval. Semantic fluency improved significantly more in the tDCS vs. sham condition immediately post-treatment and improvement lasted up to 2 months. We further addressed the question of who will benefit most from such an intervention by testing possible demographic, clinical and functional connectivity variables that may predict the behavioral tDCS effect. We found that patients with stronger baseline functional connectivity between the subareas of the left IFG opercularis and triangularis, and between the middle temporal pole and superior temporal gyrus. were the most likely to benefit from tDCS over the left IFG. We thus provided causal evidence that the left IFG is the neural substrate of selective semantic retrieval and tDCS over the left IFG may improve semantic fluency in individuals with stronger baseline functional connectivity.

Boston Naming Test--Turkish Version

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayten Ekinci Soylu ◽  
Banu Cangöz
Keyword(s):  
Turkish Version ◽  
Boston Naming Test ◽  
Naming Test
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