scholarly journals Loss of phosphodiesterase 4 in Parkinson disease

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 586-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Niccolini ◽  
Heather Wilson ◽  
Gennaro Pagano ◽  
Christopher Coello ◽  
Mitul A. Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Medial Frontal Cortex ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Phosphodiesterase 4

Objective:To assess in vivo the expression of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) and its relevance to cognitive symptoms in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) using [11C]rolipram PET.Methods:We studied 12 levodopa-treated patients with PD with no concurrent diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Their data were compared with those from 12 healthy controls. All participants underwent neuropsychiatric and cognitive assessment using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. Parametric images of [11C]rolipram volume of distribution (VT) values were determined with the Logan plot.Results:Patients with PD performed worse than healthy controls in cognitive examinations assessing psychomotor speed, episodic memory, and spatial working memory and executive function. Patients with PD showed reductions in [11C]rolipram VT compared to healthy controls, in the caudate (28%), thalamus (23%), hypothalamus (32%), and cortex (16%). Within thalamic subregions, [11C]rolipram VT values in patients with PD were decreased by 12%–32%, with most marked decreases observed in prefrontal and temporal thalamic nuclei, whereas motor nuclei were less affected. Within the cortex, [11C]rolipram VT values in patients with PD were decreased by 11%–20%, with most marked decreases observed in posterior dorsolateral frontal cortex, medial frontal cortex, and supplementary motor area, whereas orbitofrontal cortex was less affected. Worse performance in spatial working memory correlated with lower [11C]rolipram VT values in posterior dorsolateral frontal cortex, medial frontal cortex, supplementary motor area, precentral gyrus, caudate, and prefrontal thalamic nuclei.Conclusions:Our findings demonstrate loss of PDE4 expression in the striato-thalamo-cortical circuit, which is associated with deficits of spatial working memory in patients with PD.

scholarly journals Distinct Effects of Social Stress on Working Memory in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianqian Li ◽  
Jun Yan ◽  
Jinmin Liao ◽  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Lijun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Right

Abstract Stress might exaggerate the compulsion and impair the working memory of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This study evaluated the effect of stress on the cognitive neural processing of working memory in OCD and its clinical significance using a “number calculation working memory” task. Thirty-eight patients and 55 gender- and education-matched healthy controls were examined. Stress impaired the performance of the manipulation task in patients. Healthy controls showed less engagement of the medial prefrontal cortex and striatum during the task under stress versus less stress, which was absent in the patients with OCD. The diagnosis × stress interaction effect was significant in the right fusiform, supplementary motor area, precentral cortex and caudate. The failure of suppression of the medial prefrontal cortex and striatum and stress-related hyperactivation in the right fusiform, supplementary motor area, precentral cortex, and caudate might be an OCD-related psychopathological and neural response to stress.

scholarly journals Performance monitoring by presupplementary and supplementary motor area during an arm movement countermanding task

2013 ◽  
Vol 109 (7) ◽  
pp. 1928-1939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine W. Scangos ◽  
Ryan Aronberg ◽  
Veit Stuphorn
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Arm Movement ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Medial Frontal Cortex ◽  
General Role ◽  
Actual Outcome ◽  
Movement Selection

A key component of executive control and decision making is the ability to use the consequences of chosen actions to update and inform the process of future action selection. Evaluative signals, which monitor the outcomes of actions, are critical for this ability. Signals related to the evaluation of actions have been identified in eye movement-related areas of the medial frontal cortex. Here we examined whether such evaluative signals are also present in areas of the medial frontal cortex related to arm movements. To answer this question, we recorded from cells in the supplementary motor area (SMA) and pre-SMA, while monkeys performed an arm movement version of the countermanding paradigm. SMA and pre-SMA have been implicated in the higher-order control of movement selection and execution, although their precise role within the skeletomotor control circuit is unclear. We found evaluative signals that encode information about the expected outcome of the reward, the actual outcome, and the mismatch between actual and intended outcome. These findings suggest that signals that monitor and evaluate movement outcomes are represented throughout the medial frontal cortex, playing a general role across effector systems. These evaluation signals supervise the relationship between intentional motor behavior and reward expectation and could be used to adaptively shape future goal-directed behavior.

Action Monitoring and Medial Frontal Cortex: Leading Role of Supplementary Motor Area

Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 343 (6173) ◽  
pp. 888-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bonini ◽  
B. Burle ◽  
C. Liegeois-Chauvel ◽  
J. Regis ◽  
P. Chauvel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Supplementary Motor Area ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Medial Frontal Cortex ◽  
Action Monitoring ◽  
Leading Role

scholarly journals Abnormal brain activity patterns during spatial working memory task in patients with end-stage renal disease on maintenance hemodialysis: a fMRI study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinzhuang Huang ◽  
Lei Xie ◽  
Ruiwei Guo ◽  
Jinhong Wang ◽  
Jinquan Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Parietal Lobule ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Esrd Patients ◽  
Back Task

Abstract Hemodialysis (HD) is associated with cognitive impairment in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, the neural mechanism of spatial working memory (SWM) impairment in HD-ESRD patients remains unclear. We investigated the abnormal alterations in SWM-associated brain activity patterns in HD-ESRD patients using blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) technique during n-back tasks. Twenty-two HD-ESRD patients and 22 well-matched controls underwent an fMRI scan while undergoing a three-load n-back tasks with different difficulty levels. Cognitive and mental states were assessed using a battery of neuropsychologic tests. The HD-ESRD patients exhibited worse memory abilities than controls. Compared with the control group, the HD-ESRD patient group showed lower accuracy and longer response time under the n-back tasks, especially in the 2-back task. The patterns of brain activation changed under different working memory loads in the HD-ESRD patients, showing decreased activity in the right medial frontal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus under 0-back and 1-back task, while more decreased activation in the bilateral frontal cortex, parietal lobule, anterior/posterior cingulate cortex and insula cortex under 2-back task. With the increase of task difficulty, the activation degree of the frontal and parietal cortex decreased. More importantly, we found that lower activation in frontal cortex and parietal lobule was associated with worse cognitive function in the HD-ESRD patients. These results demonstrate that the abnormal brain activity patterns of frontal cortex and parietal lobule may reflect the neural mediation of SWM impairment.

scholarly journals The Effects of CACNA1C Gene Polymorphism on Spatial Working Memory in Both Healthy Controls and Patients with Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiumei Zhang ◽  
Qiuge Shen ◽  
Zhansheng Xu ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
Lina Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Healthy Controls

Topographic Maps in Human Frontal Cortex Revealed in Memory-Guided Saccade and Spatial Working-Memory Tasks

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 3494-3507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Kastner ◽  
Kevin DeSimone ◽  
Christina S. Konen ◽  
Sara M. Szczepanski ◽  
Kevin S. Weiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Button Press ◽  
Frontal Eye Field ◽  
Topographic Organization ◽  
Human Frontal Cortex ◽  
Eye Field

We used fMRI at 3 Tesla and improved spatial resolution (2 × 2 × 2 mm3) to investigate topographic organization in human frontal cortex using memory-guided response tasks performed at 8 or 12 peripheral locations arranged clockwise around a central fixation point. The tasks required the location of a peripheral target to be remembered for several seconds after which the subjects either made a saccade to the remembered location (memory-guided saccade task) or judged whether a test stimulus appeared in the same or a slightly different location by button press (spatial working-memory task). With these tasks, we found two topographic maps in each hemisphere, one in the superior branch of precentral cortex and caudalmost part of the superior frontal sulcus, in the region of the human frontal eye field, and a second in the inferior branch of precentral cortex and caudalmost part of the inferior frontal sulcus, both of which greatly overlapped with activations evoked by visually guided saccades. In each map, activated voxels coded for saccade directions and memorized locations predominantly in the contralateral hemifield with neighboring saccade directions and memorized locations represented in adjacent locations of the map. Particular saccade directions or memorized locations were often represented in multiple locations of the map. The topographic activation patterns showed individual variability from subject to subject but were reproducible within subjects. Notably, only saccade-related activation, but no topographic organization, was found in the region of the human supplementary eye field in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. Together these results show that topographic organization can be revealed outside sensory cortical areas using more complex behavioral tasks.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document