scholarly journals Olfaction and incident Parkinson disease in US white and black older adults

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (14) ◽  
pp. 1441-1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honglei Chen ◽  
Srishti Shrestha ◽  
Xuemei Huang ◽  
Samay Jain ◽  
Xuguang Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Body Composition Study ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Health Aging ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Smell Identification

Objective:To investigate olfaction in relation to incident Parkinson disease (PD) in US white and black older adults.Methods:The study included 1,510 white (mean age 75.6 years) and 952 black (75.4 years) participants of the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study. We evaluated the olfaction of study participants with the Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT) in 1999–2000. We retrospectively adjudicated PD cases identified through August 31, 2012, using multiple data sources. We used multivariable Cox models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results:During an average of 9.8 years of follow-up, we identified a total of 42 incident PD cases, including 30 white and 12 black participants. Overall, poor sense of smell, as indicated by a lower BSIT score, was associated with higher risk of PD. Compared with the highest tertile of BSIT (t3), the HR was 1.3 (95% CI 0.5–3.6) for the second tertile (t2) and 4.8 (95% CI 2.0–11.2) for the lowest tertile (t1) (ptrend < 0.00001). Further analyses revealed significant associations for incident PD in both the first 5 years of follow-up (HRt1/[t2+t3] 4.2, 95% CI 1.7–10.8) and thereafter (HRt1/[t2+t3] 4.1, 95% CI 1.7–9.8). This association appeared to be stronger in white (HRt1/[t2+t3] 4.9, 95% CI 2.3–10.5) than in black participants (HRt1/[t2+t3] 2.5, 95% CI 0.8–8.1), and in men (HRt1/[t2+t3] 5.4, 95% CI 2.3–12.9) than in women (HRt1/[t2+t3] 2.9, 95% CI 1.1–7.8).Conclusions:Poor olfaction predicts PD in short and intermediate terms; the possibility of stronger associations among men and white participants warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Health and Stroke in Older British Men

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 3286-3294
Author(s):  
Ayesha Ahmed ◽  
Snehal M. Pinto Pereira ◽  
Lucy Lennon ◽  
Olia Papacosta ◽  
Peter Whincup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Population Attributable Fraction ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Population Attributable Fractions ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Attributable Fractions ◽  
Time Point

Background and Purpose: Research exploring the utility of cardiovascular health (CVH) and its Life’s Simple 7 (LS7) components (body mass index, blood pressure [BP], glucose, cholesterol, physical activity, smoking, and diet) for prevention of stroke in older adults is limited. In the British Regional Heart Study, we explored (1) prospective associations of LS7 metrics and composite CVH scores with, and their impact on, stroke in middle and older age; and (2) if change in CVH was associated with subsequent stroke. Methods: Men without cardiovascular disease were followed from baseline recruitment (1978–1980), and again from re-examination 20 years later, for stroke over a median period of 20 years and 16 years, respectively. LS7 were measured at each time point except baseline diet. Cox models estimated hazard ratios (95% CI) of stroke for (1) ideal and intermediate versus poor levels of LS7; (2) composite CVH scores; and (3) 4 CVH trajectory groups (low-low, low-high, high-low, high-high) derived by dichotomising CVH scores from each time point across the median value. Population attributable fractions measured impact of LS7. Results: At baseline (n=7274, mean age 50 years), healthier levels of BP, physical activity, and smoking were associated with reduced stroke risk. At 20-year follow-up (n=3798, mean age 69 years) only BP displayed an association. Hazard ratios for intermediate and ideal (versus poor) levels of BP 0.65 (0.52–0.81) and 0.40 (0.24–0.65) at baseline; and 0.84 (0.67–1.05) and 0.57 (0.36–0.90) at 20-year follow-up. With reference to low-low trajectory, the low-high trajectory was associated with 40% reduced risk, hazard ratio 0.60 (0.44–0.83). Associations of CVH scores weakened, and population attributable fractions of LS7 reduced, from middle to old age; population attributable fraction of nonideal BP from 53% to 39%. Conclusions: Except for BP, CVH is weakly associated with stroke at older ages. Prevention strategies for older adults should prioritize BP control but also enhance focus beyond traditional risk factors.

scholarly journals Hyperleptinemia, Adiposity, and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Older Adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suruchi Mishra ◽  
Tamara B. Harris ◽  
Trisha Hue ◽  
Iva Miljkovic ◽  
Suzanne Satterfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Abdominal Adiposity ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Body Composition Study ◽  
Health Aging ◽  
Prospective Association

Background. Abdominal adiposity and serum leptin increase with age as does risk of metabolic syndrome. This study investigates the prospective association between leptin and metabolic syndrome risk in relation to adiposity and cytokines.Methods. The Health, Aging, and Body Composition study is a prospective cohort of older adults aged 70 to 79 years. Baseline measurements included leptin, cytokines, BMI, total percent fat, and visceral and subcutaneous fat. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the association between leptin and metabolic syndrome (defined per NCEP ATP III) incidence after 6 years of follow-up among 1,120 men and women.Results. Leptin predicted metabolic syndrome in men (Pfor trend = 0.0002) and women (Pfor trend = 0.0001). In women, risk of metabolic syndrome increased with higher levels of leptin (compared with quintile 1, quintile 2 RR = 3.29, CI = 1.36, 7.95; quintile 3 RR = 3.25, CI = 1.33, 7.93; quintile 4 RR = 5.21, CI = 2.16, 12.56; and quintile 5 RR = 7.97, CI = 3.30, 19.24) after adjusting for potential confounders. Leptin remained independently associated with metabolic syndrome risk after additional adjustment for adiposity, cytokines, and CRP. Among men, this association was no longer significant after controlling for adiposity.Conclusion. Among older women, elevated concentrations of leptin may increase the risk of metabolic syndrome independent of adiposity and cytokines.

scholarly journals Does Inflammation Mediate the Association Between Sleep Duration and Incident Dementia Among Older Adults?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 119-119
Author(s):  
Chenkai Wu ◽  
Weihao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Inflammation Markers ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Body Composition Study ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
Long Sleep ◽  
Health Aging ◽  
Factor Α

Abstract Sleep duration is a risk factor for multiple health outcomes. Growing attention has been directed to the association between sleep duration and dementia; however, results were inconsistent and the mechanisms remained largely unknown. We hypothesized that elevated levels of inflammation markers— C reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)—would mediate the association between sleep duration and dementia among older adults. Data were from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study; 3,010 participants free of dementia at baseline were included. Sleep duration was classified into: short (&lt;6 hours), normal (6-8 hours), and long (&gt;8 hours). Incident dementia was defined as (i) use of prescribed dementia medications, (ii) adjudicated dementia diagnosis, or (iii) a race-stratified cognitive decline &gt;1.5 SDs from the baseline mean. We used Cox models to examine the associations among sleep duration, inflammation, and dementia. The average age was 73.6 years (SD=2.9); 49% were male and 41% were black. During 10 years of follow-up, 515 participants (17.1%) developed dementia. Long sleep duration was associated with higher hazard of dementia than normal sleep duration (HR=1.50, 95%CI=1.02-2.21). This association was attenuated by approximately 10% when CRP or IL-6 was added in the model. When all three inflammation markers were included in the model, the hazard ratio of long sleep duration was reduced by nearly 30% and no longer significant (HR=1.36, 95%CI=0.89-2.08). Long sleep duration was associated with high risk of incident dementia among older adults and the association was partly explained by elevated levels of inflammation markers.

scholarly journals Association between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Metabolic Syndrome in Older Adults: The Health, Aging and Body Composition Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Subhashish Agarwal ◽  
Janet A. Tooze ◽  
Douglas C. Bauer ◽  
Jane A. Cauley ◽  
Tamara B. Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Body Composition Study ◽  
Health Aging ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Composition Study ◽  
Design And Methods

Objective. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are prevalent among older adults; however, longitudinal studies examining 25(OH)D status and MetS are lacking. We explore the association of 25(OH)D levels with prevalent and incident MetS in white and black older adults. Research Design and Methods. A total of 1620 white and 1016 black participants aged 70–79 years from the Health ABC cohort with measured 25(OH)D levels and data on MetS and covariates of interest were examined. The association between 25(OH)D levels and prevalent MetS at baseline and incident MetS at 6-year follow-up was examined in whites and blacks separately using logistic regression adjusting for demographics, lifestyle factors, and renal function. Results. At baseline, 635 (39%) white and 363 (36%) black participants had prevalent MetS. In whites, low 25(OH)D levels were associated with prevalent MetS (adjusted OR (95% CI), 1.85 (1.47, 2.34)) and 1.96 (1.46, 2.63) for 25(OH)D of 20–<30 and <20 vs. ≥30 ng/ml, respectively). The association was attenuated after adjustment for BMI but remained significant. No association was found between 25(OH)D levels and prevalent MetS in blacks. Among those without MetS at baseline (765 whites, 427 blacks), 150 (20%) whites and 87 (20%) blacks had developed MetS at 6-year follow-up. However, 25(OH)D levels were not associated with incident MetS in whites or blacks. Conclusion. In older adults, low 25(OH)D levels were associated with increased odds of prevalent MetS in whites but not in blacks. No association was observed between 25(OH)D levels and incident MetS in either whites or blacks.

Olfaction and Physical Functioning in Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaqun Yuan ◽  
Chenxi Li ◽  
Zhehui Luo ◽  
Eleanor M Simonsick ◽  
Eric J Shiroma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Body Composition Study ◽  
Health Aging ◽  
Death And Loss

Abstract Background Poor olfaction is associated with worse functional performance in older adults, but longitudinal evidence is lacking. We investigated poor olfaction in relation to longitudinal changes in physical functioning among community-dwelling older adults. Methods The analysis included 2,319 participants from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study (aged 71-82 years, 47·9% men, and 37·3% blacks) who completed the Brief Smell Identification Test in 1999-2000. Olfaction was defined as good (test score 11-12), moderate (9-10), or poor (0-8). Physical functioning was assessed up to four times over 8 years, using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and the Health ABC Physical Performance Battery (HABCPPB). We conducted joint model analyses and reported the differences in annual declines across olfaction groups. Results During the follow-up, compared to those with good olfaction, older adults with poor olfaction had greater annual declines in both the SPPB score (-0.137, 95%CI: -0.186, -0.088) and all its subscales: standing balance (-0.068, 95%CI:-0.091, -0.044), chair stand (-0.046, 95%CI: -0.070, -0.022), and gait speed (-0.022, 95%CI: -0.042, -0.001). A similar observation was made for the HABCPPB score (difference in annual decline: -0.032, 95%CI:-0.042, -0.021). These findings are robust and cannot be explained by measured confounding from demographics, lifestyle factors, chronic diseases, nor by potential biases due to death and loss of follow-up. Similar associations were observed across subgroups of sex, race, and self-reported general health status. Conclusion This study provides the first epidemiological evidence that poor olfaction predicts a faster decline in physical functioning. Future studies should investigate potential mechanisms.

scholarly journals THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN VITAMIN K STATUS AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S644-S644
Author(s):  
M Kyla Shea ◽  
Daniel Weiner ◽  
Gergory Matuszek ◽  
Sarah L Booth ◽  
Stephen Kritchevsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Body Composition Study ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Health Aging

Abstract A role for vitamin K in cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been proposed because vitamin K-dependent proteins are present in vascular tissue. We evaluated the association between vitamin K status and incident CVD and mortality in older adults from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study (Health ABC), and conducted a replication analysis using the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). In both cohorts circulating phylloquinone (vitamin K1), measured from baseline fasting blood samples, was categorized as ≤0.5nM, &gt;0.5-≤1.0nM, and &gt;1.0nM. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models assessed the association between circulating phylloquinone and risk of a composite of CVD and mortality. In Health ABC (n=1246, mean age 74 years, 57% female, 58% Caucasian), over a median 11.5 follow-up years, participants with ≤0.5 nM plasma phylloquinone (n=351) had a 27% higher risk for CVD and mortality compared to those with &gt;1.0nM (n=457) [adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) (HR(95%CI)): 1.27(1.06-1.52)]. However, the risk for CVD and mortality did not differ between those with &gt;0.5-≤1.0nM (n=438) and with &gt;1.0nM plasma phylloquinone [HR(95%CI): 1.03(0.87-1.52)]. Serum phylloquinone was similarly associated with CVD and mortality in MESA, over a median 12.1 follow-up years (n=764, mean age 62 years, 54% female, 35% Caucasian) [HR(95%CI), compared to those with &gt;1.0nM (n=368): &lt;0.5nM (n=253): 1.54(1.03-2.32); 0.5-≤1.0nM (n=153): 1.23(0.76, 1.98)]. Lower circulating phylloquinone was associated with a higher CVD and mortality risk in two independent cohorts. Additional studies are needed to corroborate our findings and clarify if certain segments of the population can derive cardiovascular benefit from improving vitamin K status.

scholarly journals The Association of Sensory Impairment With Incident Disability-Related Cessation of Employment in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 216-216
Author(s):  
Ahmed Shakarchi ◽  
Emmanuel Garcia Morales ◽  
Nicholas Reed ◽  
Bonnielin Swenor
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Adjusted Model

Abstract Sensory impairment (SI) is common among older adults, and it is an increasingly important public health challenge as the population ages. We evaluated the association between SI and incident disability-related cessation of employment in older adults using the population-based Health and Retirement Study. Participants employed in 2006 completed biennial interviews until self-reported incident disability-related cessation of employment. Participants were censored at loss to follow-up, retirement, or 2018. Participants rated their vision and hearing, using eyeglasses or hearing aids if applicable, on a Likert scale (poor, fair, good, very good, excellent). SI was defined as poor or fair ability, and SI was categorized as neither SI (NSI), vision impairment alone (VI), hearing impairment alone (HI), and dual SI (DSI). Cox proportional hazard regression assessed the association between SI and incident disability-related cessation of employment, adjusting for demographic and health covariates. Overall, 4726 participants were included: 421 (8.9%) were with VI, 487 (10.3) with HI, and 203 (4.3%) with DSI. Mean age was 61.0 ± 6.8 years, 2488 (52.6%) were women, and 918 (19.4) were non-White. In the fully adjusted model, incident disability-related cessation of employment over the 12-year follow-up period was higher in VI (Hazard Ratio (HR)=1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.92, 1.85), HI (HR=1.60, CI=1.16, 2.22), and DSI (HR=2.02, CI=1.38, 2.96). These findings indicate that employed older adults with SI are at increased risk of incident disability-related cessation of employment, and that older adults with DSI are particularly vulnerable. Addressing SI in older adults may lengthen their contribution to the workforce.

scholarly journals Supper Timing and Cardiovascular Mortality: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3389
Author(s):  
Jingyun Tang ◽  
Jia-Yi Dong ◽  
Ehab S. Eshak ◽  
Renzhe Cui ◽  
Kokoro Shirai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Stroke Mortality ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Participants

Evidence on the role of supper timing in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is limited. In this study, we examined the associations between supper timing and risks of mortality from stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD), and total CVD. A total of 28,625 males and 43,213 females, aged 40 to 79 years, free from CVD and cancers at baseline were involved in this study. Participants were divided into three groups: the early supper group (before 8:00 p.m.), the irregular supper group (time irregular), and the late supper group (after 8:00 p.m.). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for stroke, CHD, and total CVD according to the supper time groups. During the 19-year follow-up, we identified 4706 deaths from total CVD. Compared with the early supper group, the multivariable HR of hemorrhagic stroke mortality for the irregular supper group was 1.44 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–1.97). There was no significant association between supper timing and the risk of mortality from other types of stroke, CHD, and CVD. We found that adopting an irregular supper timing compared with having dinner before 8:00 p.m. was associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke mortality.

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