Editors' note: Gray matter volume modifications in migraine: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study

Objective:To investigate whether age at onset influences brain gray matter volume (GMV) and white matter (WM) microstructural abnormalities in adult multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, given its influence on clinical phenotype and disease course.Method:In this hypothesis-driven cross-sectional study, we enrolled 67 pediatric-onset MS (POMS) patients and 143 sex- and disease duration (DD)-matched randomly-selected adult-onset MS (AOMS) patients, together with 208 healthy controls. All subjects underwent neurological evaluation and 3T MRI acquisition. MRI variables were standardized based on healthy controls, to remove effects of age and sex. Associations with DD in POMS and AOMS patients were studied with linear models. Time to reach clinical and MRI milestones was assessed with product-limit approach.Results:At DD=1 year, GMV and WM fractional anisotropy (FA) were abnormal in AOMS but not in POMS patients. Significant interaction of age at onset (POMS vs AOMS) into the association with DD was found for GMV and WM FA. The crossing point of regression lines in POMS and AOMS patients was at 20 years of DD for GMV and 14 for WM FA. For POMS and AOMS patients, median DD was 29 and 19 years to reach Expanded Disability Status Scale=3 (p<0.001), 31 and 26 years to reach abnormal Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task-3 (p=0.01), 24 and 18 years to reach abnormal GMV (p=0.04), and 19 and 17 years to reach abnormal WM FA (p=0.36).Conclusions:Younger patients are initially resilient to MS-related damage. Then, compensatory mechanisms start failing with loss of WM integrity, followed by GM atrophy and finally disability.

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Prefrontal gray matter volume recovery in treatment-seeking cocaine-addicted individuals: a longitudinal study

Addiction Biology ◽

10.1111/adb.12403 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 1391-1401 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Muhammad A. Parvaz ◽

Scott J. Moeller ◽

Federico d'Oleire Uquillas ◽

Amanda Pflumm ◽

Tom Maloney ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Treatment Seeking ◽

Matter Volume ◽

Volume Recovery

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NEIGHBORHOOD SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND GRAY MATTER VOLUME IN OLDER ADULTS

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.1542 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S414-S414

Author(s):

Sara L Godina ◽

Caterina Rosano ◽

Peter J Gianaros ◽

Howard J Aizenstein ◽

Michelle C Carlson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status ◽

Matter Volume

Abstract Lower neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) is associated with poorer cognitive function; underlying neural correlates are unknown. Cross-sectional associations of nSES (six census-derived measures of income, education, and occupation) and gray matter volume (GMV) of eight memory-related regions (hippocampus, middle frontal gyrus, amygdala, insula, parahippocampal gyrus, anterior, middle, and posterior cingulum) were examined in 264 community-dwelling older adults (mean age=83, 56.82% female, 39.02% black). In linear mixed effects models adjusted for total brain atrophy and accounting for geographic clustering, higher nSES was associated with greater GMV of the left hippocampus, left posterior cingulum, and bilateral insula, middle frontal, and parahippocampal gyri. nSES remained associated with GMV of the right insula (β= -32.26, p=0.026, 95%CI: -60.66, -3.86) after adjusting for individual level age, gender, race, income, and education. The nSES and cognitive function association may not be due to gray matter volume differences; other behavioral and biological mediators should be explored.

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