Gross Domestic Product and Health Expenditure Associated with Incidence, 30-Day Fatality and Age at Stroke Onset: A Systematic Review (S13.005)

Introduction: Gradual total health expenditure (THE) has become a major concern. It is not only the increased THE, but also its unequal growth in overall economy, found among the developing countries. If increased life expectancy is considered as a leverage for an individual’s investment in health services, it can be expected that as the life expectancy increases, tendency of health care investment will also experience a boost up. Objective: The aim of the present study was to explore and identify the association of healthcare expenditure with the life expectancy and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in developing countries, especially that of Bangladesh. Methodology: Data were retrospectively collected from “Health Bulletin 2011” and “Sample Vital Registration System 2010” of Bangladesh considering the fiscal year 1996 to fiscal year 2006. Using STATA, multivariable logistic regression was performed to find out the association of total health expenditure with GDP and life expectancy. Results: A direct relationship between GDP and total health expenditure was found through analysing the data. At the individual level, income had a direct influence on health spending. However, there was no significant relationship between total health expenditure with increased life expectancy. Conclusion: The present study did not find any association between life expectancy and total health expenditure. However, our analysis found out that total health expenditure is more sensitive to gross domestic product rather than life expectancy.

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Radiological research activity 1998–2007: relationship to gross domestic product, health expenditure and public expenditure on education

Insights into Imaging ◽

10.1007/s13244-010-0033-8 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 269-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

David Spitzmueller ◽

Juerg Hodler ◽

Burkhardt Seifert ◽

Marco Zanetti

Keyword(s):

Gross Domestic Product ◽

Health Expenditure ◽

Public Expenditure ◽

Domestic Product ◽

Research Activity

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Haemorrhage of gross domestic product from disability-adjusted-life-years among 15-59 year olds in Kenya

International Archives of Medicine ◽

10.3823/2561 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joses Muthuri Kirigia ◽

Germano Mwiga Mwabu

Keyword(s):

Gross Domestic Product ◽

Health Expenditure ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Domestic Product ◽

Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽

Total Health Expenditure ◽

Per Capita Gdp ◽

Disability Adjusted Life ◽

Life Years ◽

Per Capita

Background: This article estimates non-health gross domestic product (GDP) losses associated with Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) lost among 15-59 year olds (most productive age bracket) in Kenya in 2015. Methods: This study employs the lost output or human capital approach (HCA) to convert the DALYs lost from all causes into their monetary equivalents. The magnitude economic haemorrhage from each disease was obtained by multiplying the per capita non-health GDP in International Dollars by the total number of DALYs lost in a specific age group (15-29 years, 30-49 years, 50-59 years). Per capita non-health GDP equals per capita GDP minus total health expenditure in 2015. Data on DALYs and per capita total health expenditure were obtained from the World Health Organization and per capita GDP data was from IMF databases. Results: Kenya lost 9,405,184 DALYs among 15-59 years olds in 2015. That DALY loss caused a haemorrhage in GDP of Int$ 29,788,392,419. Approximately 48.6% of the GDP haemorrhage resulted from communicable diseases and nutritional conditions, 37.4% from non-communicable diseases, and 14.0% from injuries. Conclusion: There is need to augment domestic and external investments into national health systems and other systems that meet basic needs (education, food, water, sanitation, shelter) to reduce disease burden. Key words: Non-health GDP, economic haemorrhage, disability-adjusted life year (DALY)

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Health expenditure and gross domestic product: causality analysis by income level

International Journal of Health Economics and Management ◽

10.1007/s10754-019-09270-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 55-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rezwanul Hasan Rana ◽

Khorshed Alam ◽

Jeff Gow

Keyword(s):

Gross Domestic Product ◽

Health Expenditure ◽

Income Level ◽

Domestic Product ◽

Causality Analysis

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Analysis of daily reproduction rates of COVID-19 using Current Health Expenditure as Gross Domestic Product percentage (CHE/GDP) across countries

10.1101/2021.08.27.21262737 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kayode Oshinubi ◽

Mustapha Rachdi ◽

Jacques Demongeot

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Gross Domestic Product ◽

Health Expenditure ◽

Arima Model ◽

Least Square ◽

Domestic Product ◽

Infectious Period ◽

Current Health ◽

Health Infrastructure ◽

Second Wave

(1) Background: Impact and severity of coronavirus pandemic on health infrastructure vary across countries. We examine the role percentage health expenditure plays in various countries in terms of their preparedness and see how countries improved their public health policy in the first and second wave of the coronavirus pandemic; (2) Methods: We considered the infectious period during the first and second wave of 195 countries with their Current Health Expenditure as Gross Domestic Product percentage (CHE/GDP). Exponential model was used to calculate the slope of the regression line while the ARIMA model was used to calculate the initial autocorrelation slope and also to forecast new cases for both waves. The relationship between epidemiologic and CHE/GDP data was used for processing ordinary least square multivariate modeling and classifying countries into different groups using PC analysis, K-means and Hierarchical clustering; (3) Results: Results show that some countries with high CHE/GDP improved their public health strategy against virus during the second wave of the pandemic; and (4) Conclusions: Results revealed that countries who spend more on health infrastructure improved in the tackling of the pandemic in the second wave as they were worst hit in the first wave. This research will help countries to decide on how to increase their CHE/GDP in order to tackle properly other pandemic waves of the present Covid-19 outbreak and future diseases that may occur. We are also opening up a debate on the crucial role socio-economic determinants play during the exponential phase of the pandemic modelling.

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Analysis of Reproduction Number R0 of COVID-19 Using Current Health Expenditure as Gross Domestic Product Percentage (CHE/GDP) across Countries

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9101247 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1247 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kayode Oshinubi ◽

Mustapha Rachdi ◽

Jacques Demongeot

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Gross Domestic Product ◽

Health Expenditure ◽

Arima Model ◽

Least Square ◽

Domestic Product ◽

Infectious Period ◽

Current Health ◽

Health Infrastructure ◽

Second Wave

(1) Background: Impact and severity of coronavirus pandemic on health infrastructure vary across countries. We examine the role percentage health expenditure plays in various countries in terms of their preparedness and see how countries improved their public health policy in the first and second wave of the coronavirus pandemic; (2) Methods: We considered the infectious period during the first and second wave of 195 countries with their current health expenditure as gross domestic product percentage (CHE/GDP). An exponential model was used to calculate the slope of the regression line while the ARIMA model was used to calculate the initial autocorrelation slope and also to forecast new cases for both waves. The relationship between epidemiologic and CHE/GDP data was used for processing ordinary least square multivariate modeling and classifying countries into different groups using PC analysis, K-means and hierarchical clustering; (3) Results: Results show that some countries with high CHE/GDP improved their public health strategy against virus during the second wave of the pandemic; (4) Conclusions: Results revealed that countries who spend more on health infrastructure improved in the tackling of the pandemic in the second wave as they were worst hit in the first wave. This research will help countries to decide on how to increase their CHE/GDP in order to properly tackle other pandemic waves of the present COVID-19 outbreak and future diseases that may occur. We are also opening up a debate on the crucial role socio-economic determinants play during the exponential phase of the pandemic modelling.

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LONG-TERM MODEL AND MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH EXPENDITURE IN BULGARIA

Journal of IMAB - Annual Proceeding (Scientific Papers) ◽

10.5272/jimab.2021273.3911 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 3911-3918

Author(s):

Nikolay Atanasov ◽

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Monte Carlo Simulation ◽

Monte Carlo ◽

Gross Domestic Product ◽

Health Expenditure ◽

Domestic Product ◽

Public Health Expenditure ◽

The Public ◽

Term Model

Purpose: The aim of the study is to build a long-term model and conduct a Monte Carlo simulation of the public health expenditure (PHE) of Bulgaria with the gross domestic product (GDP) as an independent variable. Material/Methods: Statistical models are used for modeling the long-term dependence between the macroeconomic dynamic rows, testing of hypotheses of stationarity (Augmented Dickey-Fuller tests), for serial autocorrelation and others. Results: There is a well-defined, statistically significant long-term relationship between public health expenditure and gross domestic product. The long-term model of health expenditure has an estimate of the cointegration constant of 1.023 (p-value < 0.05). Monte Carlo simulations are presented with 1 000, 2 000 and 3 000 experiments, generated based on the normal distribution of the input variable. Conclusions: In the period after the year 1990, a well-defined long-term relationship between public health expenditure and GDP exists. The Monte Carlo simulation can be regarded as a reliable instrument for studying the most likely fluctuations in health expenditure caused by the GDP.

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Effect of Aging on Health Expenditure and Gross Domestic Product in Selected Countries by A Dynamic Panel Approach

Quarterly Journal of Management Strategies in Health System ◽

10.18502/mshsj.v4i1.1093 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jafar Yahyavi Dizaj ◽

Faroogh Na'emani ◽

Yousef Mohammadzadeh ◽

Kamran Irandoust

Keyword(s):

Gross Domestic Product ◽

Method Of Moments ◽

Health Expenditure ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Generalized Method Of Moments ◽

The Elderly ◽

Dynamic Panel Data ◽

Economic Effects ◽

Domestic Product ◽

Dynamic Panel

Background: An increase in the aging population can affect economic growth and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by reducing labor supply, reducing productivity, and increasing burden on the population. The current study aimed to explain the economic effects of aging and examined the relationship between aging, health expenditure, and GDP. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted using the data of global development indicators, published by World Bank for the selected countries from 1996 to 2017. The study population included 40 selected countries with moderate to high income. The data related to each country were extracted. Later, the dynamic panel data approach and generalized method of moments (GMM) were applied to analyze the information. Furthermore, the generalized method of moments regression was also used by Stata 14. Results: The findings showed that aging had a negative and significant effect on GDP, so that increase of 1.00 % in the elderly population decreased the GDP growth by 2.14 %. Furthermore, countries' investment in the health sector had a positive and significant effect on the GDP. In this regard, an increase of 1.00 % in health and treatment costs improved the GPD by 0.03 %. Multiplication of aging in health expenditure and inflation index had a significant negative impact on the growth of GDP per capita. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that population aging reduced GDP by absorbing a part of the health expenditure. Therefore, in order to reduce the negative effects of this phenomenon, a long-term approach to budgeting is required to strengthen and support the pension fund, plan more comprehensive health insurance coverage for the elderly, and develop related institutions.

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